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Prenatal care: First trimester visits

Pregnancy and prenatal care go hand in hand. During the first trimester, prenatal care includes blood tests, a physical exam, conversations about lifestyle and more.

Prenatal care is an important part of a healthy pregnancy. Whether you choose a family physician, obstetrician, midwife or group prenatal care, here's what to expect during the first few prenatal appointments.

The 1st visit

When you find out you're pregnant, make your first prenatal appointment. Set aside time for the first visit to go over your medical history and talk about any risk factors for pregnancy problems that you may have.

Medical history

Your health care provider might ask about:

• Your menstrual cycle, gynecological history and any past pregnancies
• Your personal and family medical history
• Exposure to anything that could be toxic
• Medications you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins or supplements
• Your lifestyle, including your use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine and recreational drugs
• Travel to areas where malaria, tuberculosis, Zika virus, mpox — also called monkeypox — or other infectious diseases are common

Share information about sensitive issues, such as domestic abuse or past drug use, too. This will help your health care provider take the best care of you — and your baby.

Your due date is not a prediction of when you will have your baby. It's simply the date that you will be 40 weeks pregnant. Few people give birth on their due dates. Still, establishing your due date — or estimated date of delivery — is important. It allows your health care provider to monitor your baby's growth and the progress of your pregnancy. Your due date also helps with scheduling tests and procedures, so they are done at the right time.

To estimate your due date, your health care provider will use the date your last period started, add seven days and count back three months. The due date will be about 40 weeks from the first day of your last period. Your health care provider can use a fetal ultrasound to help confirm the date. Typically, if the due date calculated with your last period and the due date calculated with an early ultrasound differ by more than seven days, the ultrasound is used to set the due date.

Physical exam

To find out how much weight you need to gain for a healthy pregnancy, your health care provider will measure your weight and height and calculate your body mass index.

Your health care provider might do a physical exam, including a breast exam and a pelvic exam. You might need a Pap test, depending on how long it's been since your last Pap test. Depending on your situation, you may need exams of your heart, lungs and thyroid.

At your first prenatal visit, blood tests might be done to:

• Check your blood type. This includes your Rh status. Rh factor is an inherited trait that refers to a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. Your pregnancy might need special care if you're Rh negative and your baby's father is Rh positive.
• Measure your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that allows the cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to other parts of your body. Hemoglobin also carries carbon dioxide from other parts of your body to your lungs so that it can be exhaled. Low hemoglobin or a low level of red blood cells is a sign of anemia. Anemia can make you feel very tired, and it may affect your pregnancy.
• Check immunity to certain infections. This typically includes rubella and chickenpox (varicella) — unless proof of vaccination or natural immunity is documented in your medical history.
• Detect exposure to other infections. Your health care provider will suggest blood tests to detect infections such as hepatitis B, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and HIV , the virus that causes AIDS . A urine sample might also be tested for signs of a bladder or urinary tract infection.

Tests for fetal concerns

Prenatal tests can provide valuable information about your baby's health. Your health care provider will typically offer a variety of prenatal genetic screening tests. They may include ultrasound or blood tests to check for certain fetal genetic problems, such as Down syndrome.

Lifestyle issues

Your health care provider might discuss the importance of nutrition and prenatal vitamins. Ask about exercise, sex, dental care, vaccinations and travel during pregnancy, as well as other lifestyle issues. You might also talk about your work environment and the use of medications during pregnancy. If you smoke, ask your health care provider for suggestions to help you quit.

Discomforts of pregnancy

You might notice changes in your body early in your pregnancy. Your breasts might be tender and swollen. Nausea with or without vomiting (morning sickness) is also common. Talk to your health care provider if your morning sickness is severe.

Other 1st trimester visits

Your next prenatal visits — often scheduled about every four weeks during the first trimester — might be shorter than the first. Near the end of the first trimester — by about 12 to 14 weeks of pregnancy — you might be able to hear your baby's heartbeat with a small device, called a Doppler, that bounces sound waves off your baby's heart. Your health care provider may offer a first trimester ultrasound, too.

Your prenatal appointments are an ideal time to discuss questions you have. During your first visit, find out how to reach your health care team between appointments in case concerns come up. Knowing help is available can offer peace of mind.

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• Lockwood CJ, et al. Prenatal care: Initial assessment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 9, 2018.
• Prenatal care and tests. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/prenatal-care-and-tests. Accessed July 9, 2018.
• Cunningham FG, et al., eds. Prenatal care. In: Williams Obstetrics. 25th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018. https://www.accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed July 9, 2018.
• Lockwood CJ, et al. Prenatal care: Second and third trimesters. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 9, 2018.
• WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/anc-positive-pregnancy-experience/en/. Accessed July 9, 2018.
• Bastian LA, et al. Clinical manifestations and early diagnosis of pregnancy. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 9, 2018.

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Prenatal visits: What to expect and how to prepare

Regular prenatal visits are an important part of your pregnancy care. Find out how often you'll see a healthcare provider, what to expect at each appointment, and smart ways to prepare.

When to schedule a prenatal visit

Prenatal visitation schedule, how should i prepare for a prenatal visit, what happens during prenatal visits, how can i make the most of my pregnancy appointments.

Make an appointment for your first prenatal visit once you're aware you are pregnant – when you receive a positive home pregnancy test, for example. Booking it around week 8 of pregnancy is typical.

You'll come back regularly in the weeks and months following that initial appointment. Most people have between 8 and 14 prenatal visits throughout the course of their pregnancy.

During this time, you'll see a lot of your healthcare practitioner. That's why it's so important to choose someone you like and trust. If you're not comfortable or satisfied with your provider after your first visit or visits, don't be afraid to find someone with whom you have a better connection.

Typically, a pregnant woman will visit their doctor, midwife , or nurse practitioner every four weeks during the first and second trimesters. In the third trimester, you'll be seen more often – usually every other week until 36 weeks, and then every week until the baby is born.

For more information on what happens at these visits, see:

Your first prenatal visit

Second trimester prenatal visits (14 weeks to 27 weeks)

Third trimester prenatal visits (28 weeks through the end of pregnancy)

The specific number of scheduled appointments you'll have depends on if your pregnancy is considered to be high-risk. This is determined by your medical history and whether you have any complications or conditions that warrant more frequent checkups, such as gestational diabetes , high blood pressure , or a history of preterm labor . If you've had any medical problems in the past or develop any new problems during this pregnancy, you may need more prenatal visits than the average pregnant woman.

In the weeks before each visit, jot down any questions or concerns in a notebook or a notes app on your smartphone. This way, you'll remember to ask your practitioner about them at your next appointment. You may be surprised by how many questions you have, so don't miss the opportunity to get some answers in person.

For example, before you drink an herbal tea or take a supplement or an over-the-counter medication , ask your provider about it. You can even bring the item itself – or a picture of the label – with you to your next appointment. Then, your doctor, midwife, or nurse practitioner can read the label and let you know whether it's okay to ingest.

Of course, if you have any pressing questions or worries, or develop any new, unusual, or severe symptoms , don't wait for your appointment – call your practitioner right away.

In addition to your list, you may want to bring a partner, friend, family member, or labor coach with you to some or all of your prenatal visits. They can comfort you, take notes, ask questions, and help you remember important information.

The goal of prenatal visits is to see how your pregnancy is proceeding and to provide you with information to help keep you and your baby healthy. It's important that you go to all of your prenatal appointments, even if you're feeling just fine and believe that everything is progressing perfectly.

Your practitioner will start by asking how you're feeling physically and emotionally, whether you have any complaints or worries, and what questions you may have. They'll also ask you about your baby's movements once you begin to feel them, typically during the second trimester. Your practitioner will have other questions as well, which will vary depending on how far along you are and whether there are specific concerns.

Your midwife, doctor, or nurse practitioner will also:

• Check your weight , blood pressure , and urine
• Check for swelling
• Measure your abdomen
• Check the position of your baby
• Listen to your baby's heartbeat
• Perform other exams and order tests, as appropriate
• Give you the appropriate vaccinations
• Closely monitor any complications you have or that you develop, and intervene if necessary

Near the end of your pregnancy, your provider may also do a pelvic exam to check for cervical changes. You will also discuss your delivery plan in more depth.

At the end of each visit, your practitioner will review their findings with you. They'll also explain the normal changes to expect before your next visit, warning signs to watch for, and the pros and cons of optional tests you may want to consider. Lifestyle issues will likely be a topic of discussion, as well. Expect to talk about the importance of good nutrition , sleep, oral health, stress management, wearing seatbelts, and avoiding tobacco , alcohol , and illicit drugs.

Many people look forward to their prenatal appointments but are disappointed to find that, with the exception of the first visit, they're in and out of the office in 10 minutes. A quick visit is typical and is usually a sign that everything is progressing normally. Still, you want to make sure your concerns are addressed – and that you and your baby are being well cared for.

Here are some things you can do to ensure that your prenatal visits are satisfying:

• Speak up. Your practitioner isn't a mind reader and won't be able to tell what you're thinking just by performing a physical exam. So, if anything is bothering you, say your piece. Are you having trouble controlling your heartburn ? Managing your constipation ? Suffering from headaches ? This is the time to ask for advice. Consult the notebook of questions you've been compiling. In addition to physical complaints, let your practitioner know if you have emotional concerns or fitness or nutrition questions.
• Ask the staff about the administrative stuff. Save your questions about things like insurance and directions to the hospital for the office staff so your practitioner has more time to answer your health-related questions. Go to the admin staff with any inquiries about payments, scheduling, office policies, and your contact information.
• Be open-minded. When talking with your doctor, midwife, or nurse practitioner, you should feel comfortable speaking freely. But remember to listen, too. Take notes if you find it helpful.

Keep in mind, too, that some days are busier than others. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic. That doesn't mean your practitioner doesn't have to answer your questions, but sometimes a discussion can be continued at the next visit if it's a really busy day or if your practitioner needs to head to the hospital to deliver a baby.

At the same time, don't tolerate a healthcare practitioner who won't give you thorough answers, doesn't show reasonable compassion, or barely looks up from your chart. You and your baby deserve more than that.

Now that you know what to expect during all those prenatal visits, you might like a sneak peek at what else is in store. Here's an overview of the next nine months .

Learn more:

• The ultimate pregnancy to-do list: First trimester
• 12 steps to a healthy pregnancy
• When will my pregnancy start to show?
• Fetal development timeline

Was this article helpful?

What happens at second trimester prenatal appointments

What to expect at your first prenatal appointment

Advanced maternal age: What pregnancy after 35 is like

Genetic counseling in pregnancy

BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies .

MedlinePlus. (2021). Prenatal care in your first trimester. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000544.htm Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

March of Dimes. (2017). Prenatal Care Checkups. https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/prenatal-care-checkups.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

Office on Women’s Health. (2019). Prenatal Care and Tests. https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/prenatal-care-and-tests Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

NIH: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017). What happens during prenatal visits? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/prenatal-visits Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

NIH: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017). What is a high-risk pregnancy? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/high-risk Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

NIH: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2018). What are some factors that make a pregnancy high-risk? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/high-risk/conditioninfo/factors Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

March of Dimes. (2020). Over-the-Counter Medicine, Supplements, and Herbal Products During Pregnancy. https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/over-the-counter-medicine-supplements-and-herbal-products.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

Associates in Women’s Healthcare (2021). Preparing for Your First Prenatal Visit. https://www.associatesinwomenshealthcare.net/blog/preparing-for-your-first-prenatal-visit/ Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

National Health Service (UK). (2018). Your baby’s movements. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/your-babys-movements/ Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

MedlinePlus. (2021). Prenatal care in your third trimester. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000558.htm Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

UCLA Health. (2021). Schedule of prenatal care. https://www.uclahealth.org/obgyn/workfiles/Pregnancy/Schedule_of_Prenatal_Care.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

UCR Health. (2021). Healthy Pregnancy: The Importance of Prenatal Care.   https://www.ucrhealth.org/2018/07/healthy-pregnancy-the-importance-of-prenatal-care/ Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

Mayo Clinic. (2020). Prenatal care: 1 st trimesters visits. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-care/art-20044882 Opens a new window [Accessed September 21, 2021.]

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The Ultimate Pregnancy Appointment Guide: What to Expect Week by Week at Your Prenatal Visits

Central to ensuring the health and well-being of you and your growing baby is seeing your care team regularly for touchpoints and milestones that are part of your pregnancy appointment schedule. Diana Kaufman, MD , UnityPoint Health, shares the recommended timeline for prenatal visits, and the importance of each test and discussion that’ll prepare you for a safe pregnancy and delivery.

Confirming Your Pregnancy

Every woman’s body is unique, but it’s a good idea to visit a doctor to confirm a pregnancy when you’re experiencing early symptoms, such as a missed period or you’ve received a positive home pregnancy test. Typically, this visit happens at 6-8 weeks of pregnancy.

Your doctor may confirm your pregnancy through urine tests, blood tests or ultrasounds.

Initial Prenatal Appointment: 5-12 Weeks

Your first prenatal visit consists of important screenings and discussions, so your healthcare team can create a care plan that ensures you and baby stay healthy throughout your pregnancy. Prepare a few things for this visit, including:

• Complete medical history: It’s important for your doctor to know your past and present health conditions or concerns, medications and any history of disease, substance abuse or known genetic conditions in your family.
• Insurance information: This includes consents for care, your insurance carrier and other paperwork

Here’s what to expect at your first pregnancy appointment

• A physical, which will likely include a breast and pelvic exam.
• A urine sample is collected to check for certain infections and conditions that can occur during pregnancy. Urine tests may be taken at your following prenatal visits as well. Urine drug screening tests are also recommended for women, or their partners, with a history of substance use — including smoking.
• Routine testing that includes blood draws to check your blood type and complete blood count (CBC) and look for specific diseases including hepatitis, HIV, syphilis and checking for immunity against rubella. Other testing that may occur includes genetic screening and testing for diabetes.

Your care team will review prenatal educational materials with you and remedies for any unpleasant pregnancy symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting . Your team also will provide an estimated due date for baby.

It’s also important to take good care of your teeth and gums during pregnancy. Changing hormone levels make your gums more sensitive to disease, which increases your risk for a low-birth weight or premature baby. Consider making an appointment to see your dentist during your first trimester.

Prenatal Appointment: Second Trimester (13 – 26 Weeks)

During weeks 13-26, you’ll see your doctor every four weeks. It’s a good idea to write down questions or concerns before your appointments to ensure they’re addressed.

At each appointment throughout the rest of your pregnancy, your care team will check the following:

• Blood pressure
• Position of baby
• Baby’s heartbeat

Here are some additional things to expect.

• Prenatal genetic testing: There are many different options for prenatal genetic testing. Your care team will review these with you.
• Pregnancy blood tests: These are tailored to your specific needs. Most patients are tested for anemia and diabetes of pregnancy between weeks 24-28. Other recommended tests will be reviewed with you.
• Ultrasound: It’s common to have an ultrasound in the first trimester to confirm the estimated due date. Ultrasound is also common at 20 weeks to check on baby's growth and development. Further ultrasounds could be needed if changes in your pregnancy make it necessary, such as concerns about baby’s growth or to see if baby is head down.
• Discuss preterm labor signs: Preterm labor refers to labor that begins before the 37th week of pregnancy and requires medical attention. Knowing what to look for — such as contractions, changes in vaginal discharge  — is important for preventing potential complications.
• Childbirth classes: It’s a good idea to register for a class  to help you prepare for baby’s arrival.

When to Call Your Doctor

Pregnancy creates new and unfamiliar symptoms in many women. However, some symptoms need attention. Here’s when to call your doctor in the second trimester:

• Vaginal bleeding, even a small amount
• Leg pain with numbness or leg weakness
• Pain or tenderness in one of both calves that doesn’t go away
• Thoughts of hurting yourself or others
• Severe headaches that don’t go away with Tylenol
• Persistent changes in vision such as blurriness or floaters
• More than five contractions in an hour

Now, your visits to your care team become more frequent — happening every two weeks until you’re 36 weeks pregnant. Your care team continues to monitor you and baby. Here’s what else to expect:

Prenatal Appointments: Third Trimester (27 Weeks – Baby’s Arrival)

• Check fetal movement: It’s important to be aware of your baby's movements. If you notice a sudden change or absence of fetal movement, let you care team know.
• Rhogam injections: If an Rh-negative blood type was found during your initial prenatal visit, you’ll receive an injection to prevent immune system complications for future pregnancies. This usually happens at 28 weeks.
• Additional prenatal testing: Around 35-37 weeks, you’re checked to see if you carry group B streptococcus bacteria . This is one of many bacteria that can live on our skin and typically does not cause problems. However, it can infect a newborn when you deliver. Antibiotics are given during delivery to prevent infection in a newborn if you test positive.

Prenatal Appointments: 36 Weeks – End of Pregnancy

Once you’ve reached 36 weeks, you’ll see your doctor every week until you deliver. These visits are essential for ensuring the well-being of both you and your little one, as well as preparing for a safe and smooth delivery. In addition to routine physical examinations and checking baby’s heartbeat and movement, here’s what else you can expect:

• Cervical exams: If you’re having frequent contractions or preparing to be induced, your doctor will likely need to perform this exam.
• Discuss labor signs: You’ll likely discuss signs of labor with your doctor and when to go to the hospital.
• Discuss birth preferences: It’s not necessary to have a birth plan. Your care team has that covered. Our goal is to keep you and your baby healthy throughout the entire pregnancy and delivery process. However, if you have strong desires or needs for delivery, please discuss those during a prenatal appointment. It’s also helpful to write these things down and bring them to the hospital, since you may not be able to fully express your wishes during labor.

Postpartum Visits

After delivering baby, but before you leave the hospital, call your doctor to make your postpartum appointment, if it hasn’t been scheduled yet. This visit typically occurs around 6 weeks after you deliver. Other visits are scheduled based on your individual needs.

These visits are a time for your doctor to check on your healing , discuss normal or abnormal postpartum bleeding, talk about your well-being and any signs of postpartum depression or anxiety , discuss when it’s safe to start exercising again and address other questions or concerns you may have .

Our UnityPoint Health care team is here to care for you and baby throughout the entirety of your pregnancy and beyond. Call us  to schedule your first appointment or if you have questions about any future appointments.

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What happens during prenatal visits?

What happens during prenatal visits varies depending on how far along you are in your pregnancy.

Schedule your first prenatal visit as soon as you think you are pregnant, even if you have confirmed your pregnancy with a home pregnancy test. Early and regular prenatal visits help your health care provider monitor your health and the growth of the fetus.

The First Visit

Your first prenatal visit will probably be scheduled sometime after your eighth week of pregnancy. Most health care providers won't schedule a visit any earlier unless you have a medical condition, have had problems with a pregnancy in the past, or have symptoms such as spotting or bleeding, stomach pain, or severe nausea and vomiting. 1

You've probably heard pregnancy discussed in terms of months and trimesters (units of about 3 months). Your health care provider and health information might use weeks instead. Here's a chart that can help you understand pregnancy stages in terms of trimesters, months, and weeks.

Because your first visit will be one of your longest, allow plenty of time.

During the visit, you can expect your health care provider to do the following: 1

• Answer your questions. This is a great time to ask questions and share any concerns you may have. Keep a running list for your visit.
• Check your urine sample for infection and to confirm your pregnancy.
• Check your blood pressure, weight, and height.
• Calculate your due date based on your last menstrual cycle and ultrasound exam.
• Ask about your health, including previous conditions, surgeries, or pregnancies.
• Ask about your family health and genetic history.
• Ask about your lifestyle, including whether you smoke, drink, or take drugs, and whether you exercise regularly.
• Ask about your stress level.
• Perform prenatal blood tests to do the following:
• Determine your blood type and Rh (Rhesus) factor. Rh factor refers to a protein found on red blood cells. If the mother is Rh negative (lacks the protein) and the father is Rh positive (has the protein), the pregnancy requires a special level of care. 2
• Do a blood count (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit).
• Test for hepatitis B, HIV, rubella, and syphilis.
• Do a complete physical exam, including a pelvic exam, and cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
• Do a Pap test or test for human papillomavirus (HPV) or both to screen for cervical cancer and infection with HPV, which can increase risk for cervical cancer. The timing of these tests depends on the schedule recommended by your health care provider.
• Do an ultrasound test, depending on the week of pregnancy.
• Offer genetic testing: screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal problems, cystic fibrosis, other specialized testing depending on history.

Prenatal Visit Schedule

If your pregnancy is healthy, your health care provider will set up a regular schedule for visits that will probably look about like this: 1

Later Prenatal Visits

As your pregnancy progresses, your prenatal visits will vary greatly. During most visits, you can expect your health care provider to do the following:

• Check your blood pressure.
• Measure your weight gain.
• Measure your abdomen to check your developing infant's growth—"fundal height" (once you begin to "show").
• Check the fetal heart rate.
• Check your hands and feet for swelling.
• Feel your abdomen to find the fetus's position (later in pregnancy).
• Do tests, such as blood tests or an ultrasound exam.

Talk to you about your questions or concerns. It's a good idea to write down your questions and bring them with you.

Several of these visits will include special tests to check for gestational diabetes (usually between 24 and 28 weeks) 3 and other conditions, depending on your age and family history.

In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics released new vaccine guidelines for 2013 , including a recommendation for pregnant women to receive a booster of whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine. The guidelines recommend the shot be given between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. 4

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (TDAP) in pregnant women―Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6207a4.htm

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Prenatal care and tests

Medical checkups and screening tests help keep you and your baby healthy during pregnancy. This is called prenatal care. It also involves education and counseling about how to handle different aspects of your pregnancy. During your visits, your doctor may discuss many issues, such as healthy eating and physical activity, screening tests you might need, and what to expect during labor and delivery.

Choosing a prenatal care provider

You will see your prenatal care provider many times before you have your baby. So you want to be sure that the person you choose has a good reputation, and listens to and respects you. You will want to find out if the doctor or midwife can deliver your baby in the place you want to give birth , such as a specific hospital or birthing center. Your provider also should be willing and able to give you the information and support you need to make an informed choice about whether to breastfeed or bottle-feed.

Health care providers that care for women during pregnancy include:

• Obstetricians (OB) are medical doctors who specialize in the care of pregnant women and in delivering babies. OBs also have special training in surgery so they are also able to do a cesarean delivery . Women who have health problems or are at risk for pregnancy complications should see an obstetrician. Women with the highest risk pregnancies might need special care from a maternal-fetal medicine specialist .
• Family practice doctors are medical doctors who provide care for the whole family through all stages of life. This includes care during pregnancy and delivery, and following birth. Most family practice doctors cannot perform cesarean deliveries.
• A certified nurse-midwife (CNM) and certified professional midwife (CPM) are trained to provide pregnancy and postpartum care. Midwives can be a good option for healthy women at low risk for problems during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. A CNM is educated in both nursing and midwifery. Most CNMs practice in hospitals and birth centers. A CPM is required to have experience delivering babies in home settings because most CPMs practice in homes and birthing centers. All midwives should have a back-up plan with an obstetrician in case of a problem or emergency.

Ask your primary care doctor, friends, and family members for provider recommendations. When making your choice, think about:

• Personality and bedside manner
• The provider's gender and age
• Office location and hours
• Whether you always will be seen by the same provider during office checkups and delivery
• Who covers for the provider when she or he is not available
• Where you want to deliver
• How the provider handles phone consultations and after-hour calls

What is a doula?

A doula (DOO-luh) is a professional labor coach, who gives physical and emotional support to women during labor and delivery. They offer advice on breathing, relaxation, movement, and positioning. Doulas also give emotional support and comfort to women and their partners during labor and birth. Doulas and midwives often work together during a woman's labor. A recent study showed that continuous doula support during labor was linked to shorter labors and much lower use of:

• Pain medicines
• Oxytocin (ok-see-TOHS-uhn) (medicine to help labor progress)
• Cesarean delivery

Check with your health insurance company to find out if they will cover the cost of a doula. When choosing a doula, find out if she is certified by Doulas of North America (DONA) or another professional group.

Places to deliver your baby

Many women have strong views about where and how they'd like to deliver their babies. In general, women can choose to deliver at a hospital, birth center, or at home. You will need to contact your health insurance provider to find out what options are available. Also, find out if the doctor or midwife you are considering can deliver your baby in the place you want to give birth.

Hospitals are a good choice for women with health problems, pregnancy complications, or those who are at risk for problems during labor and delivery. Hospitals offer the most advanced medical equipment and highly trained doctors for pregnant women and their babies. In a hospital, doctors can do a cesarean delivery if you or your baby is in danger during labor. Women can get epidurals or many other pain relief options. Also, more and more hospitals now offer on-site birth centers, which aim to offer a style of care similar to standalone birth centers.

Questions to ask when choosing a hospital:

• Is it close to your home?
• Is a doctor who can give pain relief, such as an epidural, at the hospital 24-hours a day?
• Do you like the feel of the labor and delivery rooms?
• Are private rooms available?
• How many support people can you invite into the room with you?
• Does it have a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in case of serious problems with the baby?
• Can the baby stay in the room with you?
• Does the hospital have the staff and set-up to support successful breastfeeding?
• Does it have an on-site birth center?

Birth or birthing centers give women a "homey" environment in which to labor and give birth. They try to make labor and delivery a natural and personal process by doing away with most high-tech equipment and routine procedures. So, you will not automatically be hooked up to an IV. Likewise, you won't have an electronic fetal monitor around your belly the whole time. Instead, the midwife or nurse will check in on your baby from time to time with a handheld machine. Once the baby is born, all exams and care will occur in your room. Usually certified nurse-midwives, not obstetricians, deliver babies at birth centers. Healthy women who are at low risk for problems during pregnancy, labor, and delivery may choose to deliver at a birth center.

Women can not receive epidurals at a birth center, although some pain medicines may be available. If a cesarean delivery becomes necessary, women must be moved to a hospital for the procedure. After delivery, babies with problems can receive basic emergency care while being moved to a hospital.

Many birthing centers have showers or tubs in their rooms for laboring women. They also tend to have comforts of home like large beds and rocking chairs. In general, birth centers allow more people in the delivery room than do hospitals.

Birth centers can be inside of hospitals, a part of a hospital or completely separate facilities. If you want to deliver at a birth center, make sure it meets the standards of the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care, The Joint Commission, or the American Association of Birth Centers. Accredited birth centers must have doctors who can work at a nearby hospital in case of problems with the mom or baby. Also, make sure the birth center has the staff and set-up to support successful breastfeeding.

Homebirth is an option for healthy pregnant women with no risk factors for complications during pregnancy, labor or delivery. It is also important women have a strong after-care support system at home. Some certified nurse midwives and doctors will deliver babies at home. Many health insurance companies do not cover the cost of care for homebirths. So check with your plan if you'd like to deliver at home.

Homebirths are common in many countries in Europe. But in the United States, planned homebirths are not supported by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG states that hospitals are the safest place to deliver a baby. In case of an emergency, says ACOG, a hospital's equipment and highly trained doctors can provide the best care for a woman and her baby.

If you are thinking about a homebirth, you need to weigh the pros and cons. The main advantage is that you will be able to experience labor and delivery in the privacy and comfort of your own home. Since there will be no routine medical procedures, you will have control of your experience.

The main disadvantage of a homebirth is that in case of a problem, you and the baby will not have immediate hospital/medical care. It will have to wait until you are transferred to the hospital. Plus, women who deliver at home have no options for pain relief.

To ensure your safety and that of your baby, you must have a highly trained and experienced midwife along with a fail-safe back-up plan. You will need fast, reliable transportation to a hospital. If you live far away from a hospital, homebirth may not be the best choice. Your midwife must be experienced and have the necessary skills and supplies to start emergency care for you and your baby if need be. Your midwife should also have access to a doctor 24 hours a day.

Prenatal checkups

During pregnancy, regular checkups are very important. This consistent care can help keep you and your baby healthy, spot problems if they occur, and prevent problems during delivery. Typically, routine checkups occur:

• Once each month for weeks four through 28
• Twice a month for weeks 28 through 36
• Weekly for weeks 36 to birth

Women with high-risk pregnancies need to see their doctors more often.

At your first visit your doctor will perform a full physical exam, take your blood for lab tests, and calculate your due date. Your doctor might also do a breast exam, a pelvic exam to check your uterus (womb), and a cervical exam, including a Pap test. During this first visit, your doctor will ask you lots of questions about your lifestyle, relationships, and health habits. It's important to be honest with your doctor.

After the first visit, most prenatal visits will include:

• Checking your blood pressure and weight
• Checking the baby's heart rate
• Measuring your abdomen to check your baby's growth

You also will have some routine tests throughout your pregnancy, such as tests to look for anemia , tests to measure risk of gestational diabetes , and tests to look for harmful infections.

Become a partner with your doctor to manage your care. Keep all of your appointments — every one is important! Ask questions and read to educate yourself about this exciting time.

Monitor your baby's activity

After 28 weeks, keep track of your baby's movement. This will help you to notice if your baby is moving less than normal, which could be a sign that your baby is in distress and needs a doctor's care. An easy way to do this is the "count-to-10" approach. Count your baby's movements in the evening — the time of day when the fetus tends to be most active. Lie down if you have trouble feeling your baby move. Most women count 10 movements within about 20 minutes. But it is rare for a woman to count less than 10 movements within two hours at times when the baby is active. Count your baby's movements every day so you know what is normal for you. Call your doctor if you count less than 10 movements within two hours or if you notice your baby is moving less than normal. If your baby is not moving at all, call your doctor right away.

Prenatal tests

Tests are used during pregnancy to check your and your baby's health. At your fist prenatal visit, your doctor will use tests to check for a number of things, such as:

• Your blood type and Rh factor
• Infections, such as toxoplasmosis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hepatitis B , syphilis , chlamydia , and HIV
• Signs that you are immune to rubella (German measles) and chicken pox

Throughout your pregnancy, your doctor or midwife may suggest a number of other tests, too. Some tests are suggested for all women, such as screenings for gestational diabetes, Down syndrome, and HIV. Other tests might be offered based on your:

• Personal or family health history
• Ethnic background
• Results of routine tests

Some tests are screening tests. They detect risks for or signs of possible health problems in you or your baby. Based on screening test results, your doctor might suggest diagnostic tests. Diagnostic tests confirm or rule out health problems in you or your baby.

Understanding prenatal tests and test results

If your doctor suggests certain prenatal tests, don't be afraid to ask lots of questions. Learning about the test, why your doctor is suggesting it for you, and what the test results could mean can help you cope with any worries or fears you might have. Keep in mind that screening tests do not diagnose problems. They evaluate risk. So if a screening test comes back abnormal, this doesn't mean there is a problem with your baby. More information is needed. Your doctor can explain what test results mean and possible next steps.

Avoid keepsake ultrasounds

You might think a keepsake ultrasound is a must-have for your scrapbook. But, doctors advise against ultrasound when there is no medical need to do so. Some companies sell "keepsake" ultrasound videos and images. Although ultrasound is considered safe for medical purposes, exposure to ultrasound energy for a keepsake video or image may put a mother and her unborn baby at risk. Don't take that chance.

High-risk pregnancy

Pregnancies with a greater chance of complications are called "high-risk." But this doesn't mean there will be problems. The following factors may increase the risk of problems during pregnancy:

• Very young age or older than 35
• Overweight or underweight
• Problems in previous pregnancy
• Health conditions you have before you become pregnant, such as high blood pressure , diabetes , autoimmune disorders , cancer , and HIV
• Pregnancy with twins or other multiples

Health problems also may develop during a pregnancy that make it high-risk, such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia . See Pregnancy complications to learn more.

Women with high-risk pregnancies need prenatal care more often and sometimes from a specially trained doctor. A maternal-fetal medicine specialist is a medical doctor that cares for high-risk pregnancies.

If your pregnancy is considered high risk, you might worry about your unborn baby's health and have trouble enjoying your pregnancy. Share your concerns with your doctor. Your doctor can explain your risks and the chances of a real problem. Also, be sure to follow your doctor's advice. For example, if your doctor tells you to take it easy, then ask your partner, family members, and friends to help you out in the months ahead. You will feel better knowing that you are doing all you can to care for your unborn baby.

Paying for prenatal care

Pregnancy can be stressful if you are worried about affording health care for you and your unborn baby. For many women, the extra expenses of prenatal care and preparing for the new baby are overwhelming. The good news is that women in every state can get help to pay for medical care during their pregnancies. Every state in the United States has a program to help. Programs give medical care, information, advice, and other services important for a healthy pregnancy.

Learn more about programs available in your state.

You may also find help through these places:

• Local hospital or social service agencies – Ask to speak with a social worker on staff. She or he will be able to tell you where to go for help.
• Community clinics – Some areas have free clinics or clinics that provide free care to women in need.
• Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program – This government program is available in every state. It provides help with food, nutritional counseling, and access to health services for women, infants, and children.
• Places of worship

More information on prenatal care and tests

Read more from womenshealth.gov.

• Pregnancy and Medicines Fact Sheet - This fact sheet provides information on the safety of using medicines while pregnant.

Explore other publications and websites

• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) (Copyright © March of Dimes) - Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that can diagnose or rule out certain birth defects. The test is generally performed between 10 and 12 weeks after a woman's last menstrual period. This fact sheet provides information about this test, and how the test sample is taken.
• Folic Acid (Copyright © March of Dimes) - This fact sheet stresses the importance of getting higher amounts of folic acid during pregnancy in order to prevent neural tube defects in unborn children.
• Folic Acid: Questions and Answers - The purpose of this question and answer sheet is to educate women of childbearing age on the importance of consuming folic acid every day to reduce the risk of spina bifida.
• For Women With Diabetes: Your Guide to Pregnancy - This booklet discusses pregnancy in women with diabetes. If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and you are pregnant or hoping to get pregnant soon, you can learn what to do to have a healthy baby. You can also learn how to take care of yourself and your diabetes before, during, and after your pregnancy.
• Genetics Home Reference - This website provides information on specific genetic conditions and the genes or chromosomes responsible for these conditions.
• Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women - This publication provides information on routine and other vaccines and whether they are recommended for use during pregnancy.
• How Your Baby Grows (Copyright © March of Dimes) - This site provides information on the development of your baby and the changes in your body during each month of pregnancy. In addition, for each month, it provides information on when to go for prenatal care appointments and general tips to take care of yourself and your baby.
• Pregnancy Registries - Pregnancy registries help women make informed and educated decisions about using medicines during pregnancy. If you are pregnant and currently taking medicine — or have been exposed to a medicine during your pregnancy — you may be able to participate and help in the collection of this information. This website provides a list of pregnancy registries that are enrolling pregnant women.
• Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Bone Health - This publication provides information on pregnancy-associated osteoporosis, lactation and bone loss, and what you can do to keep your bones healthy during pregnancy.
• Prenatal Care: First-Trimester Visits (Copyright © Mayo Foundation) - This fact sheet explains what to expect during routine exams with your doctor. In addition, if you have a condition that makes your pregnancy high-risk, special tests may be performed on a regular basis to check the baby's health.
• Ten Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy (Copyright © Lamaze International) - This easy-to-read fact sheet provides 10 simple recommendations to help mothers have a healthy pregnancy.
• Ultrasound (Copyright © March of Dimes) - This fact sheet discusses the use of an ultrasound in prenatal care at each trimester.

Connect with other organizations

• American Academy of Family Physicians
• American Association of Birth Centers
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
• Dona International
• March of Dimes
• Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, HHS
• National Association for Down Syndrome
• National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC
• Public Information and Communications Branch, NICHD, NIH, HHS
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Everything to Know About Your Prenatal Appointment Schedule

Over the course of your pregnancy, you might start to feel like you live at your provider’s office—and that’s actually a good thing. Studies show that moms-to-be and pregnant people who visit their providers regularly during pregnancy deliver much healthier babies on average. Your prenatal appointment schedule will of course vary depending on your provider and your own physical state, but these general guidelines should give you an idea of what to expect. Read on to learn from experts what a typical prenatal visit schedule looks like and how you can prepare.

Prenatal Appointment Schedule

It’s no secret that you’ll see your provider frequently during pregnancy and go through all types of tests and screenings. But exactly how often are prenatal visits scheduled? At a glance, you’ll likely have pregnancy appointments once every month (so every four weeks), between your first prenatal visit and 28 weeks of pregnancy, says Stephanie Hack , MD, ob-gyn and host of the Lady Parts Doctor podcast. Between 28 and 36 weeks, you’ll see your provider twice a month. After 36 weeks, as you get closer to delivery, that will increase to weekly—and may increase to bi-weekly after 40 weeks, Hack explains. Read on for an in-depth breakdown of the types of tests and routines to expect at each prenatal visit.

Pregnancy Appointment Schedule for First Trimester

During the first (and second) trimester, there will be optional testing to look for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities. Keep in mind that these tests aren’t mandatory and may not even be recommended, depending on your individual circumstances. It’s always best to discuss what prenatal tests are beneficial specifically for you with your provider.

First prenatal appointment

When you’ll have your first prenatal appointment can vary, as it’ll depend on when you get a positive pregnancy test . Hack says the first prenatal appointment usually takes place between 8 and 12 weeks. “By this point, an ultrasound can reveal a clear image of your developing baby, showing a healthy fetus and confirming the sound of its heartbeat,” says Cary Dicken , MD, a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist at RMA of NY–Long Island. Along with a possible transvaginal ultrasound, the first visit will also include:

• A full workup of your medical and family history
• A thorough physical examination
• Blood work to test for infections and anemia
• Urine analysis
• Blood pressure check
• Pap smear, depending on when your last one was

Additional tests may also be recommended, depending on your personal history and risk for complications. These include:

First trimester screen

This noninvasive optional screening is usually time sensitive and completed between weeks 11 and 13. It includes the nuchal translucency ultrasound and a blood test. Your provider will evaluate the results from both of these screenings along with your age to assess baby’s risk for certain chromosomal issues and conditions, such as Down syndrome. This screening is usually recommended in conjunction with other noninvasive testing, detailed below.

Cell-free DNA test

Also known as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or NIPS, this test is optional. Blood tests look for the most common chromosomal abnormalities that can affect pregnancy. While you can get NIPT at any age, experts usually recommend it for those over age 35. If you do opt for the testing, you can also use it to find out baby’s sex.

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is another optional test that occurs between 10 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. However, this one is invasive, as it takes tissue samples from the placenta to analyze genetic information about the pregnancy, Johns Hopkins Medicine notes. The test is usually recommended for those over 35, those with a family history of genetic conditions or those with positive high-risk results from their other noninvasive prenatal screenings.

Prenatal Appointment Schedule for Second Trimester

During your prenatal appointments in the second trimester, “the focus will primarily be on monitoring your ongoing progress, the growth of your baby and their development,” Dicken says. “Your provider will closely monitor key indicators such as weight and blood pressure.” You can also expect some more testing, as well as the mid-pregnancy anatomy scan. Below, what to know about your pregnancy appointments timeline for the second trimester.

Week 14 prenatal visit

During the second trimester, you’ll see your provider about every four weeks. At every appointment, you’ll have to provide a urine sample for analysis, do a weigh-in and get your blood pressure taken.

Amniocentesis

This test is optional, but it’s an almost definitive way to assess the genetic abnormalities that may be affecting your pregnancy. It’s usually done between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Like the others, amniocentesis is recommended for women over age 35 or those with a family history of genetic conditions. It’s also recommended for those with abnormal results from their quad or sequential screening, which, according to Penn Medicine , uses a subsequent blood test, combined with the results from the first trimester screening to asses overall risk of chromosal and genetic conditions.

Triple/Quad screen test

Also conducted between weeks 15 and 22, this is another optional prenatal screening that looks at the risk of the pregnancy being affected by any of the three most common genetic disorders: Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome and neural tube defects , the American Pregnancy Association notes. The screening can also look at the risk of complications such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia .

Mid-pregnancy anatomy scan

This scan is also sometimes called the 20-week ultrasound, but it’s important to note it can occur anytime between weeks 18 and 22, Dicken says. As the name would suggest, it tells expectant parents baby’s sex, as well as evaluates baby’s growth; the formation of baby’s internal organs; amniotic fluid levels and the location of the placenta.

Week 24 prenatal visit

You’ll have your next visit following the anatomy scan around 24 weeks. This will be a routine check-up with a weigh in, monitoring of your blood pressure and a urine analysis.

Glucose challenge screening

The glucose challenge screening occurs between weeks 24 and 28 and is used to assess the risk of gestational diabetes . During this screening, your provider will have you drink a very sweet beverage and draw your blood an hour later to check your blood glucose levels.

Glucose tolerance test

This test is normally only given if your one-hour glucose screening result is abnormal. The glucose tolerance test is longer and requires fasting for a few hours prior to your appointment. Your provider will offer you another extremely sweet drink and then draw your blood an hour later, two hours later and three hours later to assess whether or not you have gestational diabetes. If the results are positive, know the condition can be managed through diet , exercise and, if needed, medication.

Pregnancy Appointment Schedule for Third Trimester

You’ve reached the home stretch! As mentioned, your prenatal appointments will be a bit more frequent in the third trimester, as you’ll see your provider every two to three weeks and then weekly as you get closer to meeting baby. These appointments may also involve some new tests to monitor baby’s heart rate and overall well-being.

Week 28 prenatal visit

Your first prenatal appointment in the third trimester will be around week 28. At this visit, your provider will conduct a urine analysis, do a weigh-in, check your blood pressure and chat with you about any questions, concerns or symptoms you may have.

Nonstress test

The nonstress test is a way for your provider to assess baby’s well-being, Hack says. Not everyone gets this test though. It’s generally recommended if there’s ever decreased fetal movement or for high-risk pregnancies. You’ll have sensors attached to your belly with soft belts. These allow your provider to listen to baby’s fetal heart rate and see how it responds to baby’s movement. While the first nonstress test occurs around 28 weeks, your provider may want to repeat it later on, depending on how the pregnancy is progressing.

Week 30, 32 and 34 prenatal visits

Because your provider will be checking in with you every two to three weeks, you’ll likely have visits at weeks 30, 32 and 34. At these appointments, you’ll get weighed, do a urine test and have your blood pressure taken.

Group B strep test

Group B strep (GBS) is a bacteria that can naturally occur in the body, including the vaginal and rectal areas. While it’s typically not harmful to you, it can be harmful to baby if they’re exposed to it during a vaginal birth. For this reason, between 36 and 37 weeks, your provider will swab your vagina and rectum to screen for GBS, Dicken says. If it’s positive and you’re hoping for a vaginal birth, you may need antibiotics.

Weeks 37, 38 and 39 prenatal visit

After 36 weeks, your prenatal appointments will increase to at least weekly until childbirth. As with previous visits, you’ll get a urine test, your blood pressure checked and do a weigh-in. Hack and Dicken note your provider may also:

• Do any necessary repeat testing for sexually transmitted infections
• Perform an in-office ultrasound to look at baby’s positioning (i.e. head down, breech , etc.)
• Do a pelvic exam to evaluate cervical effacement and dilation
• Discuss your birth plan and pain management preferences

“It’s also a valuable time for you to receive guidance and information about labor, postpartum care and life with a newborn, to help you feel more prepared,” Dicken says.

Week 40 prenatal visit

By this point, you’ll no doubt be pretty eager to meet baby. You’ll get the routine examination at this visit, including a urine test, blood pressure check and weigh-in. For high-risk pregnancies, your provider may also discuss increasing your visits to monitor baby’s health with weekly or biweekly nonstress tests and ultrasounds (otherwise known as a biophysical profile . Or, they may ask you to do kick counts at home to get a sense of baby’s well-being.

Reasons Why Your Prenatal Appointment Schedule Might Change

How frequently you have prenatal appointments will depend on how you and baby are progressing. If there are any complications that arise, like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia or other high-risk factors, you may need to come in more frequently. “Sometimes, things might change in your pregnancy that require more attention from your healthcare provider,” Dicken says. “It could be something like a complication, or maybe just needing a bit more monitoring as you get closer to your due date.

Questions to Ask About Your Prenatal Appointment Schedule

With all the phrases, tests and symptoms thrown at you during pregnancy, it’s natural to have some (a lot) of questions—and these questions may change as your pregnancy progresses, depending on personal symptoms, circumstances and concerns. Below, some topics to keep in mind as you head into your pregnancy appointments each trimester:

• Questions for the first trimester: Hack recommends asking about nutrition, supplements and any lifestyle changes that should be made. “Make sure to discuss any pre-pregnancy health conditions you may have, or previous pregnancy complications, so you understand how they may impact your current pregnancy,” she adds. Dickens agrees, noting that you’ll also want to ask about any aspect of prenatal care you don’t understand, as well as how to manage early pregnancy symptoms .
• Questions for the second trimester: As pregnancy moves into the second trimester, experts recommend asking questions about fetal development, childbirth classes and staying active.
• Questions for the third trimester: Experts recommend asking questions about labor signs , pain management, birth plans, breastfeeding and postpartum care .

Regardless of what questions you have, Dickens stresses the importance of open and honest communication. “Ask questions that address your concerns, help you understand the progress of your pregnancy and prepare you for childbirth and postpartum.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you do virtual prenatal visits.

While some visits may be done over the phone or video chat, both Hack and Dicken note that when physical exams are required, the pregnancy appointments will need to be in-person.

How often do you go to the doctor when pregnant?

You’ll have monthly prenatal appointments during weeks 4 to 28, and bi-monthly appointments between weeks 28 and 36. After that, as you get closer to delivery, your provider will want to see you weekly or even more frequently. Ultimately, how often you go to your provider during pregnancy will depend on how you and baby are progressing.

When do prenatal appointments become weekly?

Prenatal appointments become weekly towards the end of pregnancy, typically after 36 weeks, Hack says.

How many postpartum visits will I have?

According to Dickens, you can expect to have at least one, but the frequency will depend on your personal circumstances surrounding birth and postpartum. Your provider should ideally contact you via phone shortly after birth, Hack notes, but the first in-person postpartum visit may not happen until 4 to 6 weeks after birth for someone without complications. For women with more complicated medical histories or birth experiences, your initial postpartum visit may be sooner. “For example, you may have a visit at two weeks postpartum after a cesarean section so that your incision may be evaluated, and then come back for your postpartum visit two to four weeks later,” Hack explains. During the postpartum visits, your provider will check in on your physical and emotional health, as well as discuss your postpartum recovery, birth control options, breastfeeding and newborn care.

While this is a good cheat sheet of what a prenatal appointment schedule typically looks like, know it “differs from person to person and even pregnancy to pregnancy,” Hack says. One of the best things you can do for your health and baby’s? “Maintain a good line of communication with your healthcare provider throughout your pregnancy,” she adds. This includes asking for clarifications, expressing concerns and raising your hand whenever something feels off.

Please note: The Bump and the materials and information it contains are not intended to, and do not constitute, medical or other health advice or diagnosis and should not be used as such. You should always consult with a qualified physician or health professional about your specific circumstances.

Cary L. Dicken , MD, is a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist at RMA of NY–Long Island. She earned her medical degree from Albert Einstein College of Medicine and completed her residency at Columbia University.

Stephanie Hack , MD, MPH, is board certified ob-gyn and host of the Lady Parts Doctor podcast. She obtained her medical degree from Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, as well as a masters degree in public health. She completed her residency at Georgetown University Hospital and Washington Hospital Center.

Science and Babies: Private Decisions, Public Dilemmas, Prenatal Care: Having Healthy Babies , 1990

Johns Hopkins Medicine, Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Penn Medicine, Sequential Screening (Combined First and Second Trimester Screening)

American Pregnancy Association, Triple Screen Test

Learn how we ensure the accuracy of our content through our editorial and medical review process .

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Your first antenatal visit

7-minute read

• Antenatal visits check the wellbeing of you and your baby during pregnancy.
• During your first visit, your doctor or midwife will check your health.
• They will also work out when your baby is due to be born.
• During your visit you will learn how to keep healthy during your pregnancy.
• Regular antenatal care is likely to positively affect the health of you and your baby.

Antenatal visits check the wellbeing of you and your baby during pregnancy. Antenatal care throughout your pregnancy is likely to positively affect the health of you and your baby.

Your first antenatal care appointment is an important one. During your visit, your doctor or midwife will:

• confirm your pregnancy
• check your health
• give you some information that you will need in the months ahead

You will also be able to talk about the type of care you want during your pregnancy.

When should I make my first appointment?

It’s best to have your first antenatal visit before 10 weeks into your pregnancy. Ideally this will happen when you are about 6 to 8 weeks pregnant. This is because there are lots of things to learn about. Also, some tests are recommended early in your pregnancy.

Your first appointment may be with a midwife or your doctor. It may be at a clinic or hospital — you can choose.

What does an antenatal visit involve?

Taking your medical history.

During the visit, your doctor or midwife will ask about your health. This includes finding out about:

• any prior pregnancies
• any illnesses or operations you’ve had
• what medicines you’re taking, including those from a pharmacy or supermarket
• if you have any current health problems
• if you are allergic to any medicines

Your doctor or midwife will ask you if you:

• drink alcohol
• take recreational drugs
• are stressed
• have any signs of depression or anxiety
• about the support you may get from people at home and work

These questions aren’t to judge you. The more your doctor or midwife knows about you, the better they can support you during your pregnancy.

It’s up to you whether you answer these questions. Anything you say will be kept in confidence.

If you are experiencing family violence you should let them know. It’s important to get professional help and they can support you to do this.

Your family medical history

Finding out about the health of your family is also important because it may affect you or your baby. This includes any family history of:

• genetic conditions
• chronic illnesses such as diabetes

You may wish to do screening tests for certain genetic conditions . You can talk about this with your doctor or midwife.

What tests will I have?

Your doctor or midwife will check your health and measure your:

• blood pressure

They may suggest a urine (wee) test to see if you have a urinary tract infection (UTI) or any kidney problems.

You will also be offered a blood test to check your blood group and rhesus factor. They will also check for:

• infectious diseases — rubella
• sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• bacteria that may affect your baby — group B streptococcus
• infections that can be passed on through blood-to-blood contact — hepatitis C and HIV

Some STIs that can affect your pregnancy don’t have any symptoms. It’s possible to have an STI and not know.

Find out more about the check-ups, tests and scans you can have during your antenatal visits.

If you have any questions about these tests, ask your midwife or doctor.

Finding out about your baby

Your doctor or midwife will work out how many weeks you have been pregnant. This will let them work out the due date of your baby.

If you’re not sure when your last period was, they may book a dating scan . This is an ultrasound that will help figure out which week of pregnancy you are in.

Tests are available to check for some problems that may affect your baby. You don’t have to have these tests — it’s up to you. Your midwife or doctor will tell you about the tests and how much they will cost.

Discussing your antenatal care options

During your first appointment, your midwife or doctor will give you information about antenatal care. They will talk with you about which model of care you would like for your pregnancy and birth. You'll be able to discuss:

• who will be your main maternity carer
• where you would like to receive your antenatal care
• how many antenatal visits you will have and when
• where you would like to give birth
• where to find local antenatal classes or education sessions

How can I have a healthy pregnancy?

Your midwife or doctor will talk to you about keeping healthy during your pregnancy. They will also ensure you have good support and care.

This may cover:

• help to stop smoking or stop drinking alcohol (if needed)
• advice about healthy eating , exercise and weight gain
• advice on which vitamins and minerals you should take during pregnancy
• referrals to support services if you need them

They will answer questions about any issues that worry or concern you.

If this is your first pregnancy, The Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines advise you have 10 antenatal care visits. If there are complications with your pregnancy, you may need to have more visits.

If you’ve been pregnant before, The Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines advise you have 7 antenatal care visits. Again, if you have any complications with your pregnancy, you may need more visits.

Speak to a maternal child health nurse

Call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby to speak to a maternal child health nurse on 1800 882 436 or video call . Available 7am to midnight (AET), 7 days a week.

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Last reviewed: November 2022

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Your antenatal appointments

You'll have a number of antenatal appointments during your pregnancy, and you'll see a midwife or sometimes an obstetrician (doctor specialising in pregnancy).

They'll check the health of you and your baby, give you useful information and answer any questions.

Pregnant employees have the right to paid time off for antenatal care.

This page lists the appointments you'll be offered and when you should have them.

If you're pregnant with your first baby, you'll have more appointments than those already with children.

First contact with midwife or doctor

Contact a GP or midwife as soon as possible after you find out that you're pregnant.

They should give you information about:

• folic acid supplements
• nutrition, diet and food hygiene
• lifestyle factors – such as smoking, drinking and recreational drug use
• antenatal screening tests 

You should be told about the risks, benefits and limits of these tests.

Screening for sickle cell disease and thalassaemia should be offered before 10 weeks.

This is so you can find out about all your options and make an informed decision if your baby has a chance of inheriting these conditions.

It's important to tell your midwife or doctor if: 

• there were any complications or infections in a previous pregnancy or delivery, such as pre-eclampsia or premature birth
• you're being treated for a long-term condition, such as diabetes or high blood pressure
• you or anyone in your family has previously had a baby with a health condition (for example, spina bifida)
• there's a family history of an inherited condition (for example, sickle cell or cystic fibrosis)
• you know that you're a genetic carrier of an inherited condition such as sickle cell or thalassaemia – you should also tell the midwife if you know the baby's biological father is a genetic carrier of these conditions
• you have had fertility treatment and either a donor egg or donor sperm

8 to 12 weeks: booking appointment

It's best to see your midwife or doctor as early as possible to get the information you need to have a healthy pregnancy.

Some tests, such as screening for sickle cell and thalassaemia, should be done before you're 10 weeks pregnant.

Your midwife or doctor should give you information about: 

• how the baby develops during pregnancy
• nutrition and diet
• exercise and pelvic floor exercises
• antenatal screening tests
• your antenatal care
• breastfeeding, including workshops
• antenatal education
• maternity benefits
• your options for where to have your baby

Your midwife or doctor should:

• give you your handheld notes and plan of care
• see if you may need additional care or support
• plan the care you'll get throughout your pregnancy
• identify any potential risks associated with any work you may do
• measure your height and weight, and calculate your body mass index (BMI)
• measure your blood pressure and test your urine for protein
• find out whether you're at increased risk of gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia
• offer you screening tests and make sure you understand what's involved before you decide to have any of them
• offer you an ultrasound scan at 11 to 14 weeks to estimate when your baby is due
• offer you an ultrasound scan at 18 to 21 weeks to check the physical development of your baby and look for 11 rare conditions
• ask about your mood to assess your mental health
• ask about any past or present severe mental illness or psychiatric treatment

This appointment is an opportunity to tell your midwife or doctor if you're in a vulnerable situation or if you need extra support.

This could be because of domestic abuse or violence, sexual abuse or female genital mutilation (FGM) .

FGM can cause problems during labour and childbirth, which can be life threatening for you and your baby.

It's important you tell your midwife or doctor if this has happened to you.

11 to 14 weeks: dating scan

This is the ultrasound scan to estimate when your baby is due, check the physical development of your baby, and screen for possible conditions, including Down's syndrome.

16 weeks pregnant

Your midwife or doctor will give you information about the ultrasound scan you'll be offered at 18 to 21 weeks.

They'll also help with any concerns or questions you have.

Your midwife or doctor should: 

• review, discuss and record the results of any screening tests
• consider an iron supplement if you're anaemic

18 to 21 weeks

You'll be offered an ultrasound scan to check the physical development of your baby. This is also known as the 20-week scan .

Screening for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B will be offered again by a specialist midwife if you opted not to have it earlier in pregnancy.

These tests are recommended as they greatly reduce the risk of passing infection from you to your baby.

At around 20 weeks, you'll be offered the whooping cough vaccine .

25 weeks pregnant

You'll have an appointment at 25 weeks if this is your first baby.

• use a tape measure to measure the size of your uterus
• talk about your baby’s movements. If you have any concerns or your baby is moving less than usual, you’ll be advised to contact maternity services straight away.
• use a tape measure to measure the size of your uterus
• offer more screening tests
• offer your first anti-D treatment if you're rhesus negative
• discuss how to prepare for your labour and birth
• talk to you about active labour
• discuss what happens after the birth, including how to care for your new baby and feed them
• tell you about about the vitamin K injection your baby is recommended to have
• ask about your baby's movements

You'll have an appointment at 31 weeks if this is your first baby.

• review, discuss and record the results of any screening tests from the last appointment

Your midwife or doctor should give you information about preparing for labour and birth, including how to recognise active labour, ways of coping with pain in labour, and your birth plan.

• offer your second anti-D treatment if you're rhesus negative

Your midwife or doctor should give you information about caesarean section. This discussion may take place at the 34-week appointment, or at another time during your pregnancy.

They'll discuss with you the reasons why a caesarean might be offered, what the procedure involves, the risks and benefits, and the implications for future pregnancies and births.

Your midwife or doctor should give you information about:

• breastfeeding
• caring for your newborn baby
• vitamin K and screening tests for your newborn baby
• your own health after your baby is born
• the "baby blues" and postnatal depression

Your midwife or doctor will also:

• check the position of your baby
• offer external cephalic version (ECV) if your baby is in the breech position

Your midwife or doctor will discuss the options and choices about what happens if your pregnancy lasts longer than 41 weeks.

• continue to discuss your labour and birth options with you
• ask about your baby’s movements

You'll have an appointment at 40 weeks if this is your first baby.

Your midwife or doctor should give you more information about what happens if your pregnancy lasts longer than 41 weeks.

• offer a membrane sweep
• discuss the options and choices for induction of labour

If you have not had your baby by 42 weeks and have chosen not to have an induction, you should be offered increased monitoring of the baby.

Time off for antenatal appointments

Find out more about pregnant employees' rights .

Page last reviewed: 21 April 2023 Next review due: 21 April 2026

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Antenatal visits

Introduction, pregnancy and covid-19, your first antenatal visit, your first visit to the hospital or maternity unit, subsequent visits, employment and antenatal visits, employment and antenatal classes, further information.

An antenatal visit is any appointment with your GP or maternity unit that relates to your pregnancy.

If you have registered for the Maternity and Infant Care Scheme you will have some of your antenatal appointments with your GP and the others with your maternity unit. The schedule of antenatal appointments can be different depending on your pregnancy.

• If it is your first pregnancy, you will usually have 6 antenatal appointments with your GP, and 6 antenatal appointments at your maternity unit or hospital.
• If it is a second or subsequent pregnancy, you will usually have 7 antenatal appointments with your GP, and 5 antenatal appointments at your maternity unit or hospital.

You may have additional appointments if you are diagnosed with a pregnancy-related condition (such as high blood pressure or gestational diabetes, or if you are pregnant with twins or multiple babies).

You will also have 2 postnatal appointments with your GP after your baby has arrived, at 2 weeks (for your baby) and 6 weeks (for you and your baby).

If you have registered for the Maternity and Infant Care Scheme , these antenatal and postnatal visits are free.

You are entitled to take paid time off from your employment to attend antenatal appointments (and some antenatal classes). Your employment rights during pregnancy are protected in Irish law .

If you are pregnant and think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, contact your GP. Most women who test positive and have mild symptoms can safely self-isolate at home (7 days). Routine antenatal or ultrasound appointments should be postponed until after the period of self-isolation.

If you have not had any COVID-19 vaccines, you can get your first round of COVID-19 vaccination or first booster at any stage of your pregnancy.

If you had a booster dose during your current pregnancy, then a second booster dose is not needed.

If you had a booster dose before this pregnancy, you can get your second booster at or after 16 weeks of your pregnancy.

Find more information on getting the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy , and getting the vaccine while trying for a baby or breastfeeding on the HSE website.

If you are unsure about whether to get a vaccination before, during or after pregnancy, you can read the HSE’s information booklet (pdf) .

Many hospitals have made changes to how they deliver their services due to COVID-19. If you have an upcoming antenatal visit, you may have to attend your appointment alone. Check what visitor restrictions are in place with your maternity hospital/unit. The HSE has up-to-date information on hospitals in every county so you can check about appointments and what visitor restrictions are in place before you go.

If you have registered for the Maternity and Infant Care Scheme , your first appointment will be with your GP. They will do antenatal checks (such as blood pressure and urine checks) and give you information on how to have a healthy pregnancy. They will help you estimate your due date, and they might discuss folic acid, exercise and healthy eating with you.

Your GP will also talk to you about vaccines. You will be offered a flu vaccine during one of your appointments (the flu season is from October to April). While the appointment will be free, you may be charged for the administration of the flu vaccine if you do not have a medical card.

When you are between 16-36 weeks, you will also be offered a vaccination to protect your baby from whooping cough (pertussis) . This is available free of charge.

Your first visit to the hospital or maternity unit is called a ‘booking visit’.

During this appointment, you will:

• Tell a midwife about your medical history, family history and any previous pregnancies.
• Have your blood pressure checked.
• Have your urine checked.
• Have a blood test .
• Get information about antenatal classes and breastfeeding .
• Be referred for specialist appointments if needed (for example, with physiotherapists, dietitians, smoking cessation specialists or alcohol cessation specialists).
• Have the opportunity to ask the midwife any questions.

In some hospitals, you may have an ultrasound scan on your first visit, at others you will have it at around 20 weeks.

Your first visit to hospital will last approximately 2 hours. If your pregnancy is normal, follow-up visits will be much shorter.

At each follow-up antenatal visit, your blood pressure will be checked, you will give a urine sample, and you will be examined.

If you have any questions or worries related to your pregnancy, you should ask the midwife or doctor.

At 20-22 weeks

You have reached the halfway point of your pregnancy.

You may be offered a foetal anomaly or anatomy scan at the hospital. Some hospitals offer this to every pregnant woman and other hospitals can only offer this to women with higher risk pregnancies. Most scans will show you that your baby is developing normally. However, sometimes a baby is born with a health problem. A foetal anatomy scan will detect many of these problems.

If an anomaly is detected, a referral will be made to an obstetrician who specialises in foetal anomalies. This allows you and your obstetrician to make plans for the birth and for any aftercare you and your baby may need.

From 28 weeks

Your midwife or doctor will continue to monitor your health. They will check for signs of high blood pressure or other complications.

They will also check the position of your baby and the baby’s development, as well as the height of your womb (uterus) and your baby’s heart rate.

You may not need to be scanned after your scan at 20 weeks , unless you are advised that you need one.

Your midwife or obstetrician will also talk to you about:

• Preparing for the birth
• Breastfeeding
• Any concerns you may have

If you become pregnant while you are employed, you are entitled to paid time off work to attend antenatal appointments .

You should tell your employer in writing (providing medical evidence of your pregnancy) that you need time off to attend antenatal appointments. You should give at least 2 weeks' written notice of the date and time of your appointments.

If this notice is not given for reasons out of your control, then you can retain your entitlement, provided you write to your employer with an explanation and with the notice. You will need to do this within 1 week of the appointment.

For any visit after the first appointment, your employer may ask to see your appointment card. You are entitled to medical visits after the birth of your baby for 14 weeks following the birth, including any period taken on maternity leave following the birth.

You may also be entitled to take paid time off from work to attend antenatal classes . Check with your local hospital about antenatal classes as many have moved online.

Antenatal classes cover a wide range of topics such as pain relief, breastfeeding , nutrition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and preparing you and your family for the birth of your baby. Most hospitals offer antenatal classes (sometimes called parent craft classes) which you can attend near the time of birth. Your partner or a friend can attend these classes with you.

If you are an expectant mother, you are entitled to attend 1 set of classes (except the last 3 in a set) over all your pregnancies while in employment. For example, if you are attending a set of 8 classes and this is your first pregnancy in employment, you are only entitled to paid time off work to attend 5 of those classes. The last 3 classes would normally occur after your maternity leave has started.

If you are an expectant father, you have a once-off right to attend the 2 classes immediately prior to the birth .

For further information on pregnancy, birth and becoming a parent, visit the HSE’s mychild.ie .

Related documents

• Antenatal classes Antenatal classes can help you to prepare for the birth of your baby. Find out more. 948.1323
• Choices in antenatal care This page describes the options available for antenatal care in Ireland. 912.0929
• What happens to a deceased person's money and possessions? How to get access to the deceased person's money and property, the rights of family members under wills and how property is distributed. 777.0534

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California hospital told woman's family she had checked out when she was actually dead, lawsuit says

Northern California hospital officials told a 31-year-old woman's family that she had checked out — when the patient had actually died and her body was kept in cold storage for a year, loved ones said in a civil lawsuit.

Jessie Marie Peterson had been suffering from Type 1 diabetes when she was admitted to Mercy San Juan Medical Center on April 6 last year, according to allegations in a lawsuit Peterson’s family filed this month in Sacramento County Superior Court.

Days after Peterson was admitted, her mother, Ginger Congi, called Mercy San Juan to check on her daughter and was told she had been discharged, according to the complaint.

The family filed a missing person's report with the county sheriff's department, posted notices around town and even interviewed local homeless people in hope someone had seen Peterson.

"The family searched and searched for Jessie. It was not until April 12, 2024, that the Sacramento County Detective’s Office notified Jessie’s family that she was found deceased at Mercy San Juan hospital," according to the lawsuit filed by the plaintiffs' attorney Marc Greenberg.

"At this point, Jessie’s body was so decomposed that an open casket funeral was not feasible, and Jessie’s fingerprints were not even obtainable for any keepsake," it says.

The decomposition also made it impossible for an autopsy to determine "whether medical malpractice played any role" in Peterson's death, the lawsuit says.

The family eventually found out Peterson died on April 8 last year, but it took until April 4 of this year for Dr. Nadeem Mukhtar to sign a death certificate.

For almost all that time, Peterson's body had been kept on shelf No. Red 22A in an off-site cold storage unit, according to hospital records obtained by the family.

The family is asking for $25 million, alleging negligence.

A representative for Dignity Health, the corporate umbrella for the hospital, could not be immediately reached for comment Thursday.

"Mercy San Juan hospital advertises that 'at our care facilities, we take pride in treating all people with dignity and respect.' In this case, there was no dignity and no respect," Greenberg said.

"Mercy San Juan hospital failed in its most fundamental duty to notify Jessie’s family of her death," he said. "Mercy San Juan stored Jessie in an off-site warehouse and she was left to decompose for nearly a year while her family relentlessly inquired about her whereabouts."

Senior Breaking News Reporter

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Why is High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy More Common for Black Women?

While pregnancy is a time of excitement and anticipation, it's essential to be aware of potential health risks such as high blood pressure. Though this condition can affect many pregnant people, statistics show it's more common for Black pregnant people.

What is high blood pressure?

High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. This can lead to various health problems, such as kidney disease, heart disease and stroke, if left untreated.

Blood pressure is given as two numbers. The first number, systolic, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. The second number, diastolic, measures the pressure when your heart rests between beats. Normal blood pressure for those pregnant and not pregnant is usually around 120/80.

High blood pressure during pregnancy can pose additional risks for both the mother and the baby. It is considered high when blood pressure readings consistently exceed 140/90. This condition can develop before pregnancy (chronic hypertension) or occur for the first time during pregnancy (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia).

What are the types of high blood pressure in pregnancy?

There are three main types of high blood pressure that can affect pregnant patients: Chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Racial disparities of high blood pressure during pregnancy

Studies have shown that Black patients are more likely to experience high blood pressure during pregnancy compared to white patients. Some reasons for this include:

• Socioeconomic factors - Economic and social factors can play a role in why high blood pressure during pregnancy is different among racial groups. Black pregnant patients are more likely to face economic hardships, limited access to quality healthcare, and reduced access to healthy food options, which can all contribute to stress and poor health results.
• Healthcare inequities - Healthcare inequities also contribute to the higher prevalence of high blood pressure among Black pregnant patients. These patients often do not receive equitable, quality of prenatal care, which is crucial for early detection and management of high blood pressure. Hidden prejudices in the healthcare system can cause delays or poor treatment.
• Genetic and biological factors - Genetic and biological factors may also play a role in the increased risk of high blood pressure among Black pregnant patients. Research suggests that certain genetic predispositions and biological responses to stress may make Black patients more susceptible to hypertension.

What are the risks of high blood pressure for Black pregnant patients?

High blood pressure during pregnancy poses several risks for Black pregnant patients. Understanding these risks can help in taking proactive measures to manage the condition effectively.

• Maternal health risks : Patients with high blood pressure during pregnancy are at greater risk for complications such as preeclampsia, eclampsia (seizures) and stroke. These conditions can have severe consequences for the mother's health and require immediate medical attention.
• Fetal health risks : High blood pressure during pregnancy can also affect the baby's health. It increases the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and stillbirth. Babies born prematurely may face long-term health challenges, including respiratory issues and developmental delays.
• Long- term health implications : The effects of high blood pressure during pregnancy can extend beyond childbirth. Patients who experience hypertension during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing chronic hypertension and cardiovascular diseases later in life.

How can high blood pressure during pregnancy be managed?

Managing high blood pressure during pregnancy is crucial for the health of both the mother and the baby. Here are five tips and strategies to help pregnant patients manage hypertension effectively. 

• Regular prenatal care : Regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring blood pressure and detecting any signs of complications early. Attending all scheduled prenatal appointments allows the healthcare team to assess the mother's health and make necessary interventions.
• Healthy diet and exercise : Maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity can help manage blood pressure levels. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins can promote overall health. Regular exercise, as your doctor recommends, can also improve cardiovascular health.
• Stress management : Stress can contribute to high blood pressure. Finding effective ways to manage stress, such as practicing mindfulness, yoga or other relaxation techniques, can help lower blood pressure and improve overall well-being. It is OK, to not be “OK”. There are many mental health resources available to you.
• Medication and treatment: In some cases, medication may be necessary to manage high blood pressure during pregnancy. Physicians and your care team will prescribe safe and effective medications to control blood pressure and minimize risks. It is important to follow the prescribed treatment plan and communicate any concerns with the care team.
• Support and community : Having a strong support system can make a significant difference in managing high blood pressure during pregnancy. Connecting with other pregnant patients, joining support groups, and seeking guidance from healthcare experts can provide emotional support and practical advice.
• Blood pressure monitoring: Self-blood pressure and Remote blood pressure monitoring are evidence-based ways to measure blood pressures during pregnancy and postpartum period. Ochsner patients are eligible for Ochsner Connected MOM . Through this program, they are offered a Bluetooth enabled blood pressure cuff that will upload their blood pressures to their electronic health record. This allows patients and providers to recognized uncontrolled hypertension sooner than those patients who are not enrolled.

What are the long-term effects of having high blood pressure during pregnancy? 

For many patients experiencing high blood pressure during pregnancy, once their baby is born, their blood pressure will typically go back to normal. However, patients who experience gestational diabetes or preeclampsia are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, stroke and hypertension later in life. This risk increases with the severity and recurrence of preeclampsia across multiple pregnancies. A study published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension found patients who developed preeclampsia during a single lifetime pregnancy were twice as likely to have heart failure later in life.

Because of the risks of developing cardiovascular disease later in life, it is important for patients who have gestational hypertension or preeclampsia during pregnancy to continue follow-up care with their primary care physician to monitor and manage their health. Follow-up care with your primary care physician may include:

• Postpartum blood pressure monitoring : It's important to schedule regular blood pressure checks within the first 1-2 weeks following delivery to ensure levels return to normal.
• Medication review : Your primary care physician will review and adjust dosages of high blood pressure medications as necessary.
• Follow-up appointments : Have follow-up appointments to monitor blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health, usually at six weeks postpartum and periodically after that.
• Healthy lifestyle : Adopt a heart-healthy diet low in salt and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular physical activity to help maintain normal blood pressure levels.
• Weight management : Work toward achieving and maintaining a healthy weight to reduce the risk of chronic hypertension.
• Annual screening : Get screened for chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases regularly, as having gestational hypertension increases the risk of developing chronic hypertension later.
• Family planning : Discuss future pregnancy plans with your primary care physician, as gestational hypertension can recur in later pregnancies, and preconception counseling can be helpful.
• Long-term cardiovascular risk assessment : Regularly assess and manage long-term cardiovascular risks, including monitoring cholesterol levels, glucose levels and other risk factors for heart disease.

High blood pressure during pregnancy is a serious concern, especially for Black patients who face higher risks and disparities. Understanding the types of hypertension, the impact of racial disparities and effective management strategies can help Black pregnant patients take proactive steps to protect their health and the health of their babies.

If you're navigating pregnancy with high blood pressure, remember that you're not alone. Seeking regular prenatal care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and finding a supportive community can make a significant difference. By staying informed and proactive, you can manage high blood pressure effectively and enjoy a healthier pregnancy.

You may also be interested in:

Pregnancy complications black women should know about, why is high blood pressure more common in black people, why are black people at greater risk of colon cancer.

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