how many cruise ship sink per year

How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk?

The thought of a cruise ship sinking conjures images of historic maritime tragedies, sparking curiosity and concern among modern travelers.

Despite the advancements in safety and technology, the question lingers in the minds of many: How many cruise ships have actually sunk? In this article, we dive deep into the annals of maritime history and safety records to uncover the truth.

By examining the rare instances of cruise ship sinkings, we’ll provide perspective on the safety of cruising today.

Whether you’re a maritime history enthusiast or planning your next vacation at sea, understanding these incidents sheds light on the impressive safety standards that protect millions of passengers each year.

The Titanic Tragedy (April 1912)

The Titanic’s sinking is one of the most well-known maritime disasters. On its first trip across the Atlantic Ocean, the ship hit an iceberg on the night of April 14, 1912. In just over two and a half hours, the Titanic was completely underwater. Sadly, most passengers couldn’t evacuate safely because there weren’t enough lifeboats for everyone.

The disaster led to more than 1,500 deaths, making it one of the deadliest incidents at sea. The freezing waters made survival even harder for those who couldn’t get on a lifeboat. The Titanic’s sinking is remembered as a tragic event in maritime history.

The Empress of Ireland Tragedy (May 1914)

Just two years after the Titanic sank, the Empress of Ireland had its own tragic accident. In May 1914, this ship with nearly 1,500 passengers hit the Norwegian ship Storstad. They could see each other earlier, but then fog made it hard to see.

The crash caused 1,012 passengers and crew to lose their lives. The Empress of Ireland was close to making 1,000 trips without any problems, but this was not one of them. This accident is another sad event in the history of ships at sea.

The Sinking of the Lusitania (May 1915)

Cunard Line has been operating ships since 1940 and is still active today. One of its famous ships is the Queen Mary 2, the last ocean liner still in service.

The RMS Lusitania, built for Cunard Line, was the world’s largest passenger ship for three months. On May 7, 1915, while sailing off the coast of Ireland to Liverpool, England, a German U-Boat torpedoed the Lusitania. The ship started to sink faster than expected, and only six lifeboats could be launched.

Nearly 1,200 people died in the sinking of the Lusitania. This event is remembered as one of the major maritime tragedies of the early 20th century.

The Britannic’s Fate (November 1916)

The Britannic was the younger sister of the Olympic (1911) and Titanic (1912). Although intended to be a passenger ship, the outbreak of World War I changed her purpose. She became a hospital ship in December 1915.

In November 1916, less than a year into her service, the Britannic hit a German naval mine in the Kea Channel between the Greek islands of Kea and Makronisos. She sank 55 minutes later.

Fortunately, the casualties were minimal. Most people on board managed to escape on the 35 lifeboats that were launched. However, around 30 people still lost their lives in the sinking of the Britannic.

The Sinking of the Principessa Mafalda (October 1927)

The Principessa Mafalda was an Italian ship named after a princess. It started sailing in 1909 between Genoa, Italy, and Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In October 1927, the ship had a big problem when its propeller shaft broke, damaging the bottom of the ship. It sank off the coast of Brazil, and sadly, more than 300 people died.

The Saint-Philibert Tragedy (June 1931)

The Saint-Philibert, a small cruise ship, capsized and sank on June 14, 1931, off the coast of France. This tragic event led to the loss of nearly 500 lives, with only 8 passengers surviving.

Before this disaster, the Saint-Philibert was known for offering summer voyages along the French coast.

Check out: What Cruise Can You Go on Alone at 18?

The Sinking of the Georges Philippar (May 1932)

The French ocean liner Georges Philippar sank on the second leg of her maiden voyage near present-day Yemen, resulting in the loss of 54 lives.

The sinking was caused by an electrical fault. A fire started in one of the luxury cabins due to a faulty light switch that sparked and set the wood paneling on fire.

Before setting sail, there were worries about the ship’s safety. The ship’s launch was almost delayed to fix defects. However, these concerns were ignored to avoid penalties for delays.

The Tragedy of the SS Morro Castle (September 1934)

The SS Morro Castle, an American ocean liner operated by Ward Line, was traveling from Havana, Cuba, to New York City when it caught fire and ran aground on September 8, 1934.

The night before the disaster, Captain Robert Rennison Willmott, the ship’s captain, suddenly died after complaining about a stomach ache. Command of the ship was then passed to Chief Officer William Warms.

There were 137 casualties in total. Much of the blame was placed on the crew for not handling the emergency properly. Although the lifeboats could hold up to 408 people, they were launched with only 85.

The Sinking of the Empress of Britain (October 1940)

The Empress of Britain, an ocean liner of over 42,000 gross registered tons, holds the sad record of being the largest ocean liner sunk during World War II, and also the largest ship sunk by a U-Boat during the conflict.

On October 26, she was first bombed from above, then sunk by a torpedo launched by German U-Boats on October 28.

Most of the 416 crew members, 2 gunners, and 205 passengers managed to abandon the ship, leaving few people on board. In total, 45 people lost their lives in this tragic event.

The Collision of Andrea Doria and MS Stockholm (July 1956)

On July 25, 1956, the Andrea Doria and the MS Stockholm collided while on their way to New York City. The accident resulted in 51 deaths. However, this event is also known for one of the largest rescues in maritime history.

Thanks to improved communication systems, the crew of the Andrea Doria was able to quickly start rescue efforts and get help from other ships. Only five people died on board the Stockholm.

The damage to the Andrea Doria was so severe that the ship could not be saved. Those who lost their lives did so because of the initial collision.

The Story of the Bianca C (October 1961)

The Bianca C first sank during World War II when the Germans scuttled her before she was completed. Later, her hull was raised and refitted to become a cruise ship. She was first owned by Panama’s Arosa Line as their flagship but was eventually sold to Costa Line, where she got the name Bianca C after the owner’s daughter.

On October 22, 1961, while docked off the coast of Grenada, an explosion in the ship’s engine room led to fires breaking out. Thankfully, except for one person killed in the initial explosion, everyone was able to evacuate the ship before it sank.

The Journey and End of the Angelina Lauro (September 1979)

The Angelina Lauro didn’t always serve as a cruise ship. She started her journey in 1939 as the MS Oranje. Initially meant to be a passenger ferry, she was kept in Indonesia and turned into a hospital ship. After World War II, she sailed as a passenger liner for around 11 years, making trips around the world from Amsterdam to Australia through the Panama Canal and back via Singapore and the Suez Canal.

In 1964, she was sold to Lauro Lines and refitted as a cruise ship. She embarked on her maiden voyage as the Angelina Lauro on March 6, 1966. In the late 70s, Costa Lines chartered her.

While docked in Saint Thomas, the Angelina Lauro caught fire. The blaze lasted for several days. Before she could be towed to a scrapyard, her weakened hull began to take on water. She finally sank on September 24, 1979.

The Sinking of the MS Mikhail Lermontov (February 1986)

The MS Mikhail Lermontov was an ocean liner operated by the Soviet Union’s Baltic Shipping Company, entering service in 1972. A decade later, it was upgraded to serve as a cruise ship.

On February 6, 1986, the ship left Sydney for a two-week cruise around New Zealand. Ten days into the journey, while sailing past Cape Jackson, it hit rocks. Out of the 743 crew and passengers on board, the majority managed to escape on lifeboats. Tragically, there was one casualty: crew engineer Pavel Zagladimov.

The Tragic Collision of the SS Admiral Nakhimov (August 1986)

The SS Admiral Nakhimov started its journey in 1925 as the SS Berlin, a passenger liner of the German Weimar Republic. It later served as a hospital ship before becoming a Soviet Union passenger ship.

In August 1986, the ship met a tragic end when it collided with another ship in Tsemes Bay. The ship sank quickly, and sadly, 423 people lost their lives in the incident. This marked the third and final time that the ship sank.

The Sinking of MV Jupiter (October 1988)

The MV Jupiter, a Greek cruise ship, started sailing in 1961 as the Moledet. On October 21, 1988, it sank after leaving Piraeus, Greece. An Italian freight ship hit it.

The ship had nearly 400 British students, 84 adults, and 110 crew members on a study cruise. Sadly, one student, one teacher, and two crew members died. About 70 others were injured.

The Sinking of MTS Oceanos (August 1991)

The MTS Oceanos, another Greek ship, sank three years after the MV Jupiter. It was traveling from South Africa to Durban when rough seas hit. A storm made things worse.

The ship’s waste system wasn’t fixed right. A key pipe wasn’t replaced. It’s thought that huge waves broke the pipe, letting seawater flood in.

No one died, but the captain and crew were found guilty of leaving without helping passengers. The ship’s entertainers led all rescue efforts.

The Sinking of MS Estonia (September 1994)

The sinking of the MS Estonia in 1994 was one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. It was the deadliest peacetime sinking of a European ship after the Titanic and the Empress of Ireland. Over 850 lives were lost.

While sailing through rough waters in the Baltic Sea, a metallic bang was heard. Soon after, passengers and crew reported similar sounds. Around 1:15 am, the visor separated, opening the loading ramp and causing the ship to list as water flooded in.

It was difficult for those in cabins to reach the boat deck. Water was entering the ship through the car deck and the windows of public areas and cabins on Deck 6.

The Achille Lauro Incident (December 1994)

The Achille Lauro, originally the ocean liner Willem Ruys, was converted into a cruise ship by Italian businessman Achille Lauro in 1965. It had a series of unfortunate events, including collisions and onboard fires.

In 1985, the ship was hijacked by members of the Palestine Liberation Front. On November 30, 1994, the Achille Lauro caught fire while sailing to South Africa. There were 979 passengers and crew onboard. The majority evacuated the next morning when the ship listed, but two people were killed before it sank on December 2.

The Final Voyage of the Sun Vista (May 1999)

The Sun Vista started its journey in 1963 as the SS Galileo Galilei for the Lloyd Triestino line. Over the years, it sailed for five different cruise lines, including as the first-ever cruise ship for Celebrity Cruises, the Meridian. In 1997, it was transferred to Sun Cruises and renamed the Sun Vista.

On May 20, 1999, a fire broke out in the ship’s engine room. The Sun Vista sank in the early morning hours of May 21 in the Strait of Malacca. Fortunately, all passengers and crew were able to escape safely.

The Sinking of the Britanis (October 2000)

The Britanis began its life as the luxury ocean liner SS Monterey in 1932. It later sailed for Chandris under their “Fantasy Cruises” division starting in February 1971. When Chandris shifted focus to the Celebrity Cruises brand, all Fantasy Cruises operations ceased. In 1998, the ship was sold to AG Belofin and renamed Belofin-1.

Instead of being refurbished, the Britanis was sold to scrappers. While being towed to a scrapyard from Brazil, it developed a leak at the back of the ship. With no one on board, the ship was cut free and capsized off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa.

The Sinking of SeaBreeze (December 2000)

The SeaBreeze, originally named Federico C., was launched in 1958 and sailed for Costa Cruises. In 1983, it was transferred to Premier Cruises and renamed three times.

Premier Cruises went out of business in September 2000, leading to the ship being laid up. While being moved from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Charleston, South Carolina, by its new owner, Cruise Ventures III, the SeaBreeze sank about 225 nautical miles off the coast of Virginia. All 34 crew members on board were rescued safely.

The ship sank due to the boiler breaking off, causing significant damage to the vessel.

The Sinking of MV Explorer (November 2007)

The MV Explorer, originally the MS Lindblad Explorer, began her career in 1969 as the first ship of her kind to sail through the Antarctic Ocean.

On November 11, 2007, she set sail from Ushuaia, Argentina, for a 19-day cruise. After visiting the Falkland Islands, she hit an iceberg in the Bransfield Strait on November 23, causing a gash in the hull that let water in.

All 91 passengers, 53 crew, and 9 guides were able to escape on lifeboats. They stayed there for five hours until the MS Nordnorge rescued them.

The Sinking of MS Sea Diamond (April 2007)

The MS Sea Diamond, originally known as Birka Princess, operated for Birka Line for most of her time at sea. In 2006, she was sold to Louis Cruises Line and renamed. A year later, she ran aground on a reef near Santorini, with 77 students from Paisley Magnet School in North Carolina on board.

Initially, it was believed that all passengers and crew were safe. However, two French citizens, Jean Christophe Allain, 45, and his daughter Maud, 16, were reported missing and never found.

Greek authorities later announced plans to charge the captain and five other officers with negligence.

The Capsizing of Costa Concordia (January 2012)

The Costa Concordia was the first ship of Costa Cruises’ Concordia Class, entering service in 2006. On January 13, 2012, she set sail on a 7-night Mediterranean cruise with 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members.

Captain Francesco Schettino veered off course, sailing too close to the island of Giglio. The ship struck a large rock, causing a 174-foot gash in the hull, leading to flooding and loss of power. The ship’s rudder position made it unsteerable, and it began tilting toward the starboard side.

The evacuation took over six hours and resulted in 32 deaths. An investigation focused on the crew’s actions, particularly Captain Schettino’s, as he left the ship while passengers were still on board.

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How Often do Cruise Ships Sink?

Whether you’ve seen the Titanic, heard about Costa Concordia, or are thinking of booking a cruise, one of the most common questions new cruisers ask to assess their safety is how often cruise ships sink.

To give you a quick insight into how often cruise ships sink, we list below the vessels that have sunk and then go over each in more detail so you get a full understanding of the situation and the likelihood of a cruise ship ever sinking again.

How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk?

16 cruise ships have sunk since 1912, which was the year the Titanic sank.

The first 6 sinkings up to 1956 were technically all ocean liners rather than cruise ships, but many people think of them as the same because they both can carry thousands of passengers.

See the post was the Titanic a cruise ship for a look at the key differences, some of which made ocean liners more likely to sink than a modern-day cruise ship.

Of the 16 cruise ship sinkings, one was a Chinese River cruise ship, and another was an Estonian cruiseferry, so not technically a cruise ship, but still similar in many ways with the capacity for carrying hundreds of passengers.

Of the ocean-going cruise ships, not all sunk while out at sea. In some instances, they didn’t even have passengers onboard.

Depending on what angle you are asking the question, the below table of cruise ship sinkings should help you find your answer.

Cruise Ship Sinkings Since the Titianic (1912 )

The table below details 16 cruise ships of various cruise vessel types that have sunk since the Titanic in 1912.

We have included vessel type, as arguably it said some of the vessels weren’t technically cruise ships, but we think most people think of the Titanic as a cruise ship, so we have included it and other similar ocean liners.

Considering there are more cruise ships than ever on the seas today, it’s clear that not many cruise ships have sunk in recent times.

How Many Cruise Ships Sink a Year?

With 16 cruise ship sinkings from 1912 to 2022, we can determine that a cruise ship sinks every 6 years 10 months.  

On average, that works out as a lot less than 1 cruise ship a year.  Just 0.15% of a cruise ship, to be precise.

The answer to this question will vary depending on your chosen timeframe, vessel type, and the reason for sinking.

For example, do you want to include ocean liners and a cruiseferry and do you want to include cruise ships that were empty and on the way to being scrapped?

When Was the Last Time a Cruise Ship Sunk?

The last time an ocean-going cruise ship sank was in 2012, when the Costa Concordia hit a reef off the coast of Italy.  Thirty-two people died in the incident.  4200 were rescued.

The sinking of the Costa Concordia is probably the most familiar cruise ship people think of when they ask this question.  Although the cruise ship only partially sank, it did not become completely submerged beneath the surface of the water.

Since 2012 there have been no other recorded sinkings of ocean-going cruise ships.   

Although the almost empty moored Orient Queen cruise ship sank in 2020 when it was damaged in a huge explosion in Beirut, Lebanon, it capsized that same night.  Two crew members died.

How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink?

Thankfully the answer is very rarely, but there have been a few notable instances where cruise ships have met with accidents leading to sinking.

From the table, we can see that in 110 years, 16 cruise ships have sunk.  This means, on average, 1 cruise ship sinks every 6.8 years.

However, in more modern times, since 2000, only 4 cruise ships have sunk while out at sea, an average of once every 5.5 years.

It does depend on what type of cruise ship you are considering and the situation in which it sank, at sea or empty at the port, destroyed in an explosion (Orient Queen) or awaiting to be scrapped anyway (Belofin-1 ).

Thankfully, when you think of the number of cruise ships launched into the water and currently sailing oceans, rivers, and great lakes all over the world cases like these are rare. Cruise ships have become much safer over the years and much less likely to ever sink.

As you can see, it’s very rare for a cruise ship to sink, but it does happen on occasion. In most cases, the cause is weather-related or due to hitting an obstacle like a reef or iceberg. However, there’s always the chance of a rogue wave event, which has been suspected of sinking other ship types, but thankfully not a cruise ship.

So now that we’ve answered the question of how often cruise ships sink, let’s take a more in-depth look at each of the four major instances where this unfortunate event has happened.

Well-Known Cruise Ships That Sunk

Here’s a look at some of the most famous (or infamous) cases of cruise ships sinking.

The Titanic is, without a doubt, the most famous cruise ship to ever sink. The vessel hit an iceberg on its maiden voyage in 1912 and went down, taking over 1,500 passengers and crew with it, partly because it did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers.

At the time, the Titanic was the largest and most luxurious ship ever built. It was meant to be an unsinkable vessel, but of course, we all know now that no ship is truly unsinkable.

The sinking of the Titanic is a tragic story that has been told time and time again. It’s one of the most famous maritime disasters in history and has been the subject of numerous books, movies, and TV shows.

4 years later in 1916, the Titanic sister ship, the HMHS Britannic , which had been turned into a hospital ship, was famously sunk by a German mine.

Some people might question, was the Titanic a Cruise Ship ?  Technically it was an ocean liner, but because it carried thousands of passengers and is thought to be a cruise ship by many, we have included it.

Costa Concordia

In the past, many ships that sank 100 or so years ago were ocean liners and nothing like the mega-cruise ships carrying thousands of passengers at a time.

The Costa Concordia was a much more recent example of a cruise ship sinking of the large modern-day design many of us know and love.

The vessel hit a reef off the coast of Italy in 2012 and capsized, killing 32 people.

The Costa Concordia was carrying 4,229 passengers and crew at the time of the incident. Thankfully, most people were able to evacuate the ship before it sank.

The captain of the Costa Concordia was later convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 16 years in prison. One year of that sentence was for leaving the ship early instead of being the last to leave as per one of the duties of a highly-paid cruise captain salary .

In 1994, the MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea after hitting a storm, killing 852 people.

The MS Estonia was a cruise ferry carrying 989 passengers and crew at the time of the incident. It was traveling from Tallinn, Estonia to Stockholm, Sweden, when it hit a storm and started taking on water.

The MS Estonia quickly sank, and only 137 people were able to be rescued from the frigid waters. It is considered one of the deadliest maritime disasters of the 20th century.

Dongfang zhi Xing  ( Oriental Star or Eastern Star )

The Dongfang Zhi Xing (translated as Oriental Star or Eastern Star ) was a Chinese river cruise ship that capsized in 2015 during a heavy storm. 442 people were killed in the incident.

The Dongfang zhi Xing was carrying 454 passengers and crew at the time of the accident. Only 12 people were able to be rescued from the ship.

The cause of the capsizing was determined to be a severe storm that caused the ship to lose stability and tip over .

Other Cruise Ships That Sank

Prior to 1991, only ocean liners, like the Titanic and cruiseferries had sunk.

Since the year 1991, there have been 8 cruise ship sinkings, or partial sinkings (not including the cruiseferry MS Estonia)

Excluding Costa Concordia and Dongfang zhi xing, which we covered above, there have been 6 other cruise ship sinkings.

MTS Oceanos (1991)

The Oceanos was a French-built Greek-owned cruise ship that sank off the coast of South Africa in 1991. The vessel started taking on water after a series of leaks in the hull.

The ship had a capacity of 550 passengers and 250 crew.

All passengers and crew were successfully evacuated from the ship before it completely sunk. No one was killed or injured in the incident.

However, the captain and some crew members were later arrested and convicted of negligence for fleeing the ship while passengers were still on board.

Sun Vista (SS Galileo Galilei) (1999)

The SS Sun Vista was a cruise ship that caught fire and sank in 1999. The fire started in the vessel’s engine room while it was sailing from Malaysia to Singapore.

All 1,090 passengers and crew were evacuated from the ship before it sank. No one was killed but some people were injured in the incident and needed hospitalization.

Sun Vista was the name at the time of the sinking.  The ship was originally built as the ocean liner SS Galileo Galilei and later converted to a cruise ship.

Passengers reportedly sang music from the Titanic movie to keep their spirits up.  ( Source ).

MS Sea Diamond (2007)

The MS Sea Diamond was a Finnish cruise ship that sank off the coast of Santorini, Greece, in 2007. The vessel hit a volcanic reef and started taking on water.

The cruise ship had a capacity of 1537 passengers, with 1,195, mostly American and Canadian onboard at the time of the incident.

All passengers and crew were evacuated from the ship before it completely sunk. 2 people were killed in the incident.

This short video captures the cruise ship sinking in its final moments.

SS SeaBreeze (2000)

The SeaBreeze cruise ship sank off the coast of North Carolina in December 2000.   This was allegedly due to a boiler breaking off and damaging the ship and the engine room flooding.

Coast guard rescuers at the time did not expect the ship to sink and thought it could be towed to shore by tug boats, but the captain demanded everyone be extracted from the ship as soon as possible.

Subsequently, the ship sank in  Panamanian waters, which was potentially convenient as any investigation would have expected to have been much less stringent than those carried out by American investigators had it sunk in very nearby American waters.

There was much suspicion around the sinking because the scrap value of the ship was estimated to be around $5 to $6 million, which was much less than its insurance payout value of $20 million.

The cruise ship had a capacity of 840 passengers and 400 crew. 

At the time of the incident, there were 34 people all onboard who were all extracted to safety.

Belofin-1 (SS Monterey ) (2000)

The Belofin-1 had recently been sold for scrap and was meant to be being towed to India, but went via Mexico from Ukraine in 2000 when it sank near just over 90km from Cape Town, South Africa.

The vessel started taking on water and listing, so the tug boats cut here free and allowed how to sink.

The ship was previously known as the SS Monterey and had a capacity for 701 passengers and 360 crew.

MV Explorer (2007)

The MV Explorer was a small Liberian cruise ship and the first of its kind to sail the  Antarctic waters.

The ship had departed from Argentina, attempting to follow the route of 19th-century explorer Ernest Shackleton through the Drake Passage,a route well known for its rough seas.

The vessel sank in early November 2007 after hitting an iceberg which made a gash in the hull, allowing water to enter.

The ship had a capacity for a total of 104 passengers and 54 crew.

On the day of the incident 154 passengers, guides and crew were successfully evacuated from the ship before it sunk.

There were no fatalities or injuries as a result of the incident.

The video news report below shows photos of the listing ship and passengers being rescued.

Orient Queen (2020)

The Orient Queen was a Spanish cruise ship that was berthed in Beirut, Lebanon, at the time of a huge explosion of a large amount of ammonium nitrate stored at the port.

The ship suffered severe damage and capsized that night before partially sinking.

It was quite small by modern standards, with a capacity of 370 guests.

Two crew members were killed.

How Many Carnival Cruise Ships Have Sunk?

Carnival is one world’s largest cruise lines, but since it has existed, only one of its vessels has ever sunk, the Costa Concordia in 2012.

Although Costa is an Italian cruise ship company, it is owned by Carnival Corporation.

From its fleet of Carnival brand cruise ships, none have ever sunk or capsized.

There have been less serious incidents, such as in 2010, the Carnival Splendor had to be towed to port after an engine room fire disabled the vessel.

A more recent and well-known incident was that of a fire on Carnival Triumph, since renamed Carnival Sunshine. The ship was left stranded and without power after the generator caught fire.

Infamously the incident led to the ship being referred to as “the poop cruise” because raw sewage backed up onto the passenger decks and passengers had to use plastic bags as a makeshift solution.  It’s no wonder they renamed it.

Why Don’t Cruise Ships Tip Over or Sink?

There are many reasons why a cruise ship sinking is such a rare event, and that’s because of how they are designed.

Although many modern-day cruise ships look top-heavy, with relatively small proportions of the ship underwater , it’s no surprise people wonder if a cruise ship can tip over .

They are designed to have a low center of gravity, with most of the weight at the bottom of the ship . A wide, stable hull and other stabilizing factors, such as ballast tanks, stabilizing fins, and bilge keels, keeps a ship upright in even the roughest of sea conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many cruise ships have sunk in the last 5 years.

In the last 5 years since 2017, only one cruise ship has sunk, the Orient Queen, which was damaged in a port explosion in Lebanon.

How Many Royal Caribbean Ships Have Sunk?

There have been no recorded instances of a Royal Caribbean cruise ship sinking.

Has a Disney Cruise Ship Ever Sunk?

No Disney cruise ships have ever sunk or capsized.

Conclusion: What Can We Learn From These Incidents?

While it’s certainly tragic when a cruise ship sinks, it’s important to remember that these incidents are rare.

The Titanic is the most famous example of a cruise ship sinking, but it happened over 100 years ago.

The Costa Concordia, MS Estonia, and Dongfang zhi Xing are more recent examples, but they are still relatively rare.

When you compare the number of cruise ship passengers to the number of incidents, it’s clear that cruising is a safe way to travel.

Of course, no one wants to be on a ship that sinks, so it’s important to do your research before booking a cruise.  If you are concerned, check the ship’s safety record and ensure it meets all required safety standards.

Cruising is a great way to see the world and is generally very safe.

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How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink?

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“How often do cruise ships sink?” is a question that frequently crosses the minds of potential cruisers as they contemplate embarking on a voyage across the sea.

Cruise ships, renowned symbols of vacationing and exploration, annually transport millions of individuals across the globe. However, fears regarding their safety, often fueled by infamous maritime disasters and dramatic depictions in films, lurk within the consciousness of many travelers.

• 1 How often do cruise ships actually sink?
• 2 What are the main causes of cruise ships sinking?
• 3 How safe are modern cruise ships compared to those from the past?
• 4 What precautions are taken to prevent cruise ships from sinking?
• 5 How are cruise ships designed to withstand rough seas?
• 6 What happens when a cruise ship sinks?
• 7 How many people have died from cruise ships sinking?
• 8 What is the survival rate when a cruise ship sinks?
• 9 Are there any notable historical incidents of cruise ships sinking?
• 10 What is the largest cruise ship that has ever sunk?
• 11 What are the most common misconceptions about cruise ships sinking?
• 12 How does the law deal with cruise ship sinking incidents?
• 13 How are passengers compensated after a cruise ship sinking?
• 14 Are certain routes or destinations more prone to cruise ship sinking incidents?
• 15 How does climate change impact the risk of cruise ships sinking?
• 16 Should You Be Worried?

This comprehensive article aims to address these concerns, offering in-depth insights into the safety regulations, construction aspects, legal considerations, and historical events related to cruise ship sinkings.

How often do cruise ships actually sink?

Cruise ship accidents can make headlines around the world due to their dramatic and often tragic nature. However, the reality is that cruise ship sinkings are relatively rare events.

According to data from 2011 to 2020, an average of about 2-3 passenger ships (including ferries, which constitute a significant proportion) have sunk each year globally. It is important to note that this number does not solely represent cruise ships, which have an even lower frequency of sinking.

What are the main causes of cruise ships sinking?

While the sinking of a cruise ship is rare, when it does occur, it can usually be attributed to one or more of the following reasons:

• Bad Weather: High winds, heavy seas, and storms can lead to structural stress or flooding.
• Grounding: Hitting a submerged object or running aground can cause a rupture in the hull.
• Fire: Fires on board can lead to evacuations, and in extreme cases, loss of the vessel.
• Equipment Failure: Faulty equipment or design can lead to catastrophic failure.

How safe are modern cruise ships compared to those from the past?

In terms of safety, modern cruise ships are far superior to their predecessors. Several advancements have made today’s ships safer:

• Design and Construction: Modern cruise ships are designed with compartmentalization, which can prevent water from flooding the entire ship in case of a breach in the hull.
• Technology: Today’s ships are equipped with advanced navigation and weather prediction technology to avoid dangerous situations.
• Safety Regulations: Enhanced safety protocols, regular safety drills, and strict regulatory inspections have significantly improved safety.
• Life-saving Equipment: There is a legal requirement for modern cruise ships to have enough lifeboats for everyone on board.

These factors have contributed to the decrease in the frequency of cruise ship sinkings over the past century.

What precautions are taken to prevent cruise ships from sinking?

The cruise ship industry takes a multitude of precautions to prevent ships from sinking. Here are some key measures:

• Design: Cruise ships are designed with a focus on stability and buoyancy. They are built with compartments that prevent water from flooding the entire vessel if the hull is breached.
• Training: Crew members undergo rigorous training to handle emergency situations including potential sinking.
• Inspections: Regular inspections are performed to ensure all systems are functional and any necessary repairs are made promptly.
• Technology: Modern navigation and weather tracking technologies help ships avoid dangerous conditions that could lead to sinking.
• Safety Drills: Regular safety drills are conducted to ensure passengers know what to do in case of an emergency.

These measures are fundamental to the cruise ship industry’s safety operations. Each of these components contributes to creating a secure environment for passengers and crew members aboard cruise ships.

How are cruise ships designed to withstand rough seas?

Cruise ships are engineering marvels specifically designed to withstand the challenging conditions of the sea. Some crucial elements of their design include:

• Hull Design: Cruise ship hulls are built with steel and designed to be both strong and flexible to cope with rough seas. The shape of the hull is also crucial – the V-shaped hulls are excellent at cutting through waves, reducing resistance and maintaining stability.
• Stabilizers: Modern cruise ships are equipped with stabilizers – wing-like protrusions that extend from the sides of the ship to reduce roll in heavy seas.
• Ballast Tanks: These are specially designed tanks that take in or release seawater to adjust the ship’s weight and maintain its balance.
• Bilge System: This system pumps out any water that might accumulate in the ship, preventing excessive weight and potential capsizing.
• Weather Monitoring Systems: Modern cruise ships are equipped with sophisticated weather monitoring systems that provide real-time weather updates, helping the crew navigate away from potential storms.

What happens when a cruise ship sinks?

When a cruise ship begins to sink, a series of critical actions are taken:

• Emergency Alarm: An alarm is sounded throughout the ship to alert passengers and crew.
• Instructions: The crew provides instructions over the public address system. These instructions typically guide passengers to muster stations where they’re given life jackets and prepared for possible evacuation.
• Evacuation: If necessary, the captain will give the order to abandon ship, and passengers and crew will board lifeboats in a controlled and orderly manner.
• Rescue: In many cases, coast guard services and other ships in the area will be alerted to the sinking ship and begin rescue operations.

It’s important to note that every incident is different, and the response may vary depending on the specifics of the situation.

How many people have died from cruise ships sinking?

The exact number of people who have died due to cruise ships sinking is difficult to determine due to the varying definitions of what constitutes a ‘cruise ship’, as well as discrepancies in historical data.

However, some notable tragedies have resulted in significant loss of life. The most infamous is likely the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, which led to the deaths of over 1,500 people. In more recent history, the sinking of the Costa Concordia in 2012 resulted in 32 deaths.

What is the survival rate when a cruise ship sinks?

Survival rates when a cruise ship sinks can vary widely based on numerous factors such as the speed at which the ship sank, the weather conditions, the proximity to rescue services, and the execution of evacuation procedures.

In general, the survival rate is quite high thanks to improved safety measures and better ship designs. For instance, despite the tragic loss of life when the Costa Concordia sank in 2012, over 4,000 people were successfully evacuated and survived, representing a survival rate of over 99%.

Are there any notable historical incidents of cruise ships sinking?

There have been several notable incidents of cruise ships sinking throughout history. Some of the most famous include:

• The Titanic (1912): Perhaps the most infamous maritime disaster, the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage, resulting in the deaths of more than 1,500 passengers and crew.
• The Lusitania (1915): This ship was sunk by a German U-boat during World War I, causing 1,198 fatalities.
• The Costa Concordia (2012): This modern cruise ship ran aground and capsized off the coast of Italy, resulting in 32 deaths.

Below is a table showcasing major incidents from the past, along with the reported causes:

Each of these incidents has led to significant changes in maritime safety regulations.

What is the largest cruise ship that has ever sunk?

The largest cruise ship to have ever sunk in terms of passenger capacity is the Costa Concordia. The ship had a capacity of 3,780 passengers and 1,100 crew members. It ran aground and capsized off the coast of Italy in 2012.

What are the most common misconceptions about cruise ships sinking?

Common misconceptions about cruise ships sinking include:

• Cruise ships sink frequently: In reality, sinking is a rare event thanks to modern design, technology, and safety procedures.
• Large waves can easily capsize a cruise ship: Modern cruise ships are designed to withstand incredibly rough seas and large waves.
• If a ship sinks, everyone on board will die: Safety measures, including lifeboats, safety drills, and international rescue services, mean that even when ships sink, the survival rate is often high.

How does the law deal with cruise ship sinking incidents?

In the event of a cruise ship sinking, several areas of law come into play:

• International Maritime Law: This body of law includes various conventions and treaties that regulate safety and establish liability in the event of maritime accidents.
• National Law: The laws of the ship’s flag state, as well as those of the state where an accident occurs, can be relevant.
• Personal Injury Law: Passengers who are injured may be able to sue for damages under personal injury law.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a United Nations agency responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships.

How are passengers compensated after a cruise ship sinking?

Passenger compensation following a cruise ship sinking can depend on a variety of factors, including the circumstances of the incident, the terms of the ticket contract, and applicable laws and conventions.

Generally, cruise lines may be held liable for injuries, losses, or damages incurred as a result of their negligence. Compensation might cover medical expenses, lost belongings, and emotional distress.

In some cases, cruise lines may offer refunds, credit for future cruises, and additional compensation voluntarily or as part of a settlement.

Are certain routes or destinations more prone to cruise ship sinking incidents?

While cruise ship sinkings are rare and can theoretically occur anywhere, some routes and destinations may pose more risks due to factors like weather conditions, sea currents, and the presence of ice or other navigational hazards.

For example, cruising in the North Atlantic during iceberg season, or in Southeast Asia during monsoon season, could potentially increase the risk. However, cruise lines are aware of these dangers and generally take measures to mitigate them, such as altering routes or schedules.

How does climate change impact the risk of cruise ships sinking?

Climate change can potentially increase the risk of cruise ships sinking in several ways:

• Sea Level Rise: Rising sea levels could lead to increased coastal flooding and the submergence of hazards that ships can collide with.
• Increased Storm Intensity: Climate change can result in more intense and frequent storms, which could create more dangerous sea conditions.
• Iceberg Calving: Warming temperatures can lead to increased iceberg calving in polar regions, posing navigation hazards.

However, the cruise industry is continually adapting to these changes, investing in better ship designs, advanced weather tracking technologies, and more effective safety procedures to keep passengers safe.

Should You Be Worried?

While the sinking of cruise ships makes for dramatic news headlines and blockbuster film plots, it is a relatively rare occurrence in reality.

Significant advancements in ship design, safety measures, and technology have greatly reduced the risk and increased the survival rate in such unlikely events.

Understanding the facts, being aware of the procedures, and debunking misconceptions are crucial in ensuring a safe and enjoyable cruising experience.

Climate change, however, introduces new challenges that the cruise industry must continue to adapt to in order to ensure passenger safety. Remember, awareness and preparedness can make a significant difference when venturing out on the vast expanse of the sea.

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Dan Claydon

How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink?

By: Author David Chapman

Posted on Last updated: February 21, 2024

Categories Health & Safety , LEARN

Modern cruise ships are engineered to withstand the toughest conditions and offer the utmost safety and reliability. Nevertheless, people may wonder how often do cruise ships sink.

The short answer: It’s rare. In the last 50 years, a ship has sunk during the course of a cruise less than once per decade.

Nevertheless, while it rarely happens, we can all easily think of terrible disasters where it did happen – such as the century-old disaster of the RMS Titanic or the decade-old capsize of Costa Concordia. So, how often do these modern marvels of the sea meet a similar fate? The best way is to dive into the history of known cruise ship sinkings to understand the probability of it happening to today’s state-of-the-art vessels.

How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink? It’s Rare!

Cruise ships are some of the largest and most luxurious vessels on the water and are designed to be safe and reliable. However, it is not uncommon for cruise ships to encounter problems at sea; in some cases, these problems can lead to the ship’s sinking. Over the past 100 years since the RMS Titanic sank in 1912, only 18 cruise ships and some ocean liners have been publicly known to have sunk. And, over the past 50 years , only four cruise ships have sunk while navigating on a cruise . 

To fully understand the rarity of a cruise ship sinking, let’s examine the known causes of these disasters, beginning with the iconic RMS Titanic.

Exploring Past Sunk Cruise Ships – RMS Titanic In 1912 To Orient Queen In 2020

The RMS Titanic was a luxurious passenger liner known for its grandeur and advanced safety features. Even though the Titanic was an ocean liner rather than a cruise ship , it was the largest ship of its time and was thought to be unsinkable due to its watertight compartments. However, on April 15, 1912 , the Titanic struck an iceberg, broke in half, and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean, resulting in the loss of over 1,500 lives.

The Titanic disaster profoundly impacted the maritime industry and sparked significant changes in how ships were designed and built. One major factor that contributed to the number of lives lost during the sinking was the lack of enough lifeboats on board. 

The ship was carrying only enough lifeboats for about half of the passengers and crew, which proved to be a tragic oversight when the ship began to sink.

As a result of the Titanic disaster, new regulations were put in place to ensure that all passenger ships, including cruise ships, were required to carry sufficient lifeboats for passengers and crew on board. Additionally, new safety standards were implemented to improve ships’ design and construction, including stronger materials and more watertight compartments. 

Fortunately, since 2020, no confirmed cruise ship capsizing or sinking has occurred. The last one was the Orient Queen suffering no crew or passenger casualties, which sank due to a nearby ammonium nitrate explosion while moored. 

Below is a list of some available records of cruise ship sinkings since the iconic Titanic .

Comparing 20th To 21st Century Maritime Disasters

The tale of two disasters – the Titanic and the Costa Concordia – highlights the importance of ship design in terms of safety. When the Titanic collided with the iceberg in 1912, it tore a 300-foot gash in the ship’s hull, sending freezing water flooding into the base of the vessel. 

This caused the back of the ship to tilt upward, leading to a catastrophic breakage that made it harder to evacuate. The lack of lifeboats was also a major factor in the high death toll of over 1,500 people, making it one of the worst peacetime maritime disasters in history.

Fast forward to 2012, and the Costa Concordia disaster (now more than ten years ago) off the coast of Italy provides a modern-day equivalent. When the cruise ship struck a rock reef, it tore a 16-foot gash in the hull around 25 feet below sea level. The ship began flooding, the engines and generators went offline, and it began to sink. 

However, the ship’s design allowed it to lean heavily to its side and sink much more slowly, allowing the crew to initiate a hasty evacuation. Thanks to a sufficient supply of lifeboats, they evacuated the passengers over six hours, ultimately resulting in a death toll of 34 people. Most of these deaths were caused by the ship tilting and passengers falling into the water. 

Three people were even rescued from the ship over 24 hours after the incident, thanks to the slow sinking of the vessel. While the Costa Concordia disaster was one of the worst maritime disasters of the 21st century, it was nowhere near as catastrophic in terms of loss of life as the disasters of the 20th century.

When you compare modern cruise ships to Titanic-era ships , you can readily see that safety has improved considerably. As demonstrated in the table shown above by the low number of cruise ships to sink in recent history, modern vessels are generally better equipped to survive a disaster than their predecessors. And as you saw, the number of lives lost had decreased to nearly zero.

Why Don’t Modern Cruise Ships Sink As Often?

When people buy tickets for a cruise, they’re not just looking for a vacation – they’re also buying safety and peace of mind. They want to know that their needs will be taken care of and that they will be safe for the duration of the trip. And cruise ships are designed with this in mind. These floating resorts are built to withstand all sorts of rough conditions that would have sunk ships of the past.

But it hasn’t always been this way. During the heyday of sea travel, it was fairly common for ships to be lost at sea due to rough weather, enemy attacks, or collisions with icebergs. However, the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 and the RMS Empress of Ireland in 1914 made it clear that something needed to change. 

These were both sturdy ships and were ocean liners built for long-distance travel. But to achieve this reliability, they sacrificed maneuverability. They would be rock-solid if everything went according to plan, but there was little hope of saving the voyage if something went wrong.

Today, however, cruise ships are a different story. These vessels are typically made of lighter materials and are much more agile, allowing them to navigate rough seas easily. 

Cruise Ship Stability: What Keeps Them Afloat?

Have you ever wondered how cruise ships manage to stay afloat despite their massive size and seemingly top-heavy design? This is often a big topic of discussion, and the answer lies in the careful balance of weight distribution and stability.

When you board a large cruise ship, you are stepping onto a floating resort with thousands of staterooms, dozens of restaurants, and endless recreation opportunities. Yet, despite all these amenities, cruise ships remain stable and steady on the water despite their weight. 

This is thanks to a combination of factors, including the ships:

• Machinery’s placement
• Stabilizer fins use
• Modern navigation systems

So how does it all work? First, it’s important to understand that only a small portion of the ship is actually below the waterline. This means that most of the weight is concentrated above the water, making the ship appear top-heavy. But the ship’s design actually works in its favor, pulling down on the water to provide balance and stability.

The key to this balance is the ship’s center of gravity. While the goal is to keep the center of gravity as close to the ship’s middle as possible, this is not always possible due to the weight of the ship’s engines and other machinery. As a result, ships usually have a heavier bottom half than a lighter top half to compensate for this.

What Happens If An Obstacle Is Unavoidable?

Cruise ships will do their best to take detours to avoid rough weather in the event of a storm at sea. But sometimes, a storm comes on fast and hard, and the ship must rely on more than just its center of gravity to stay afloat. That’s where the design of the ship’s hull comes into play.

• Cruise ships have rounded edges on the bottom of the hull, which makes it easier for the ship to roll with the waves and then return to its original position. They also have several ballast tanks, which are water-filled tanks that provide additional stability and distribute the load evenly. These features help the ship handle rough seas in a way that older ships could not.

Of course, no system is perfect, and cruise ships are not invincible. They typically have less hull strength than ocean liners but are equipped with better radars to avoid obstacles like icebergs. If a cruise ship were to hit an iceberg, it could potentially cause serious damage to the hull. 

Are Cruise Ships Failsafe?

There is no possible closer answer than the word “almost.” While the Costa Concordia disaster in 2012 was a shocking reminder that no vessel is invincible, modern cruise ships are designed with safety in mind. From advanced navigation systems to sturdy hulls and ballast tanks, these ships are built to weather even the roughest of storms. 

And in the rare event of a catastrophic disaster, cruise ships have enough safety features in place to allow for a safe evacuation.

As to the ship’s safety, you can rest assured that cruise ship designers have done everything in their power to keep you and your fellow passengers safe.

Closing Thoughts

While cruise ships have sunk or encountered a disaster in the past, the likelihood of your ship sinking is close to minuscule. Modern ship design and protocols are in place to prevent things like weather and obstacles from ruining your cruise or endangering passengers onboard.

David Chapman

Contributor

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How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink? [Facts]

Are you planning for your next cruise voyage and excited about it? But one question that pricks every cruiser is how often cruise ships sink.

Cruise ships sink very rarely; you will be glad to know that only 18 cruises sank after the giant Titanic that sank in 1912.

Modern cruises are made with advanced aerodynamics and hydrodynamic mechanisms, and use stabilizers so cruises don’t sink even in high storms. 

Being a cruise lover, I have intense knowledge about why cruises sink and the names of cruises that have sunk till now. So let’s discuss everything about cruise sinking in this guide. 

Table of Contents

When was the last time a cruise ship sank?

You live in an evolutionary decade where engineers build rock-solid cruises with high-level skills and techniques. 

But still, most of the readers are curious to know when was the last time the cruise sank.

The last ship that sank in 2012 was Costa Concordia, an Italian ship that struck a reef off the coast of Giglio Island. 

Due to the massive hit, the mid side instantly got gash and started losing stability. 

According to the Live Science report, The Costa Concordia took 20 minutes to start sinking and took three hours to complete the turn down on the side. 

In 2015 a small river cruise in Dongfang Zhi Xing was hit by a tornado and sank. Unfortunately, 442 people died in that incident.

But you don’t need to worry because modern cruises have stabilizers that balance their body and keep them stable on the seas even in storms. 

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How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk Till Now?

You will wonder to know that only 18 cruises sunk in the last 100 years. Most of the cruise sunk while towed or struck with a reef. 

Approximately 3000+ people died in the last 18 cruise incidents, and more than half of that was rescued by nearby boats and skippers. 

After the RMS Titanic, the Costa Concordia cruise incident was distressing news that put the cruises in heart-wrenching sorrow and fear. 

But luckily, with modern cruises, you don’t need to worry at all. They detect the rocks underwater miles away and change the routes. Also, the giant cruise line hires Skilled maritime captains that know how to control the cruise. 

If you’re a cruise lover like me and want to know more about cruises that sank, check the table below. 

1- Titanic 

Everyone knows the story of Titanic, a giant cruise having over 2200 people. This cruise ship sank after colliding with an iceberg.

Even though the Titanic is considered to be the most robust ocean liner of the time, unfortunately, a massive iceberg was a ring bell of loss. 

The incident was a huge maritime disaster and spread in the media like wildfire in a dry forest. Later on, a famous “Titanic” movie was also released in 1997 that sheds light on the complete story of the Titanic cruise. 

The Titanic had very few lifeboats, that’s why it was possible to save the life of people, and that’s why 1500 people died in the incident. 

Related Post: Can You Fish On a Cruise

2- RMS Empress of Ireland 1914

Another famous ocean liner Empress of Ireland, sank in 1914. This cruise is carrying around 1500+ passengers. 

This ocean liner was en route from Quebec City to Liverpool, England. The cruise collides with the Norwegian coal ship SS Storstad during the voyage. The collision was so massive and created a large hole at the side, so the cruise flooded quickly. 

Over 1000 people died in this cruise incident, the second deadliest disaster in wartime history. This time foggy weather was an excuse for this incident.

3- HMHS Britannic

The HMHS Britannic was considered a sister ship of RMS Titanic, and it was sunk in November 1912 during World War 1. 

This was a luscious ocean liner, but it served as a hospital ship during the world war. During the journey, this cruise struck a mine laid by a German submarine near the Island of Kea in Greece.

Luckily this ocean liner had a lot of lifeboats that saved the lives of 1035 people, and only 30 people lost their lives. 

4- Principessa Mafalda

The Principessa Mafalda was a famous Italian cruise; 1252 passengers boarded this ship.  

On 25 October 1927, the SS Principessa Mafalda ocean liner departed from Genoa, Italy, and the destination was South America. But when it reached the coast of Brazil, a fracture occurred in the propeller shaft, causing damage to the hull. After this incident, the ship lost the stable and started sinking. 

The ocean liner took around 4 hours and twenty minutes to sink properly, and around 314 people died. 

 After this massive maritime disaster, it put the question on Navigazione Generale Italiana (NVI).

5- Georges Philippar

The Georges Philippar was a French ocean liner off for its Maiden voyage with 518 passengers.

During its voyage in 1032, a sudden fire exploded in the ship, and it lost its stability and sank. During the incident, 54 people lost their lives.

Later, the inquiry commission blamed the electric plant of Georges Philippe for being troublesome from the start, which caused an electrical fault and thus caught fire.

6- SS Andrea Doria

SS Andrea Doria was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched for operational use in 1953. Unfortunately, this ship collided with another ship due to the foggy weather. 

By luck, the ocean liner didn’t sink immediately; it took around 11 hours to sink after being hit. During this time, the crew called for help and saved 1660 passengers; only 15 people died in this disaster. 

7- MS Estonia

One of the deadliest Maritime incidents happened with Ms. Estonia on 28 September 1994. Estonia was off for Stockholm from Estonia while crossing the Baltic Sea with 803 passengers—and 186 crew members.  

According to the reports, she was sunk due to seawater flooding onto the car deck. The fault in the ship’s bow visor was the reason for this incident.

Unluckily, she starts flooding and listing too quickly, making it difficult to launch the lifeboats. Unusually, the ship took around 30 minutes to sink; the incident took the life of 853 people, including crew members. 

8- Costa Concordia

After the Titanic, the most famous cruise that sank was Costa Concordia. The incident that happened with this cruise was similar to Titanic. She was sunk after colliding with a reef on January 13, 2012. 

This ocean liner was off to Savona from Italy; during the last voyage, she hit a giant reef near the island of Giglio, and 32 people were killed in it. But thanks to the professional cruise staff, they saved many precious lives. 

After the incident, the investigation team found that It was the captain’s fault. Later on, the captain of Costa Concordia was convicted of 16 years in prison.

9- Dongfang Zhi Xing 

The Dongfang Zhi Xing was the first Asian river cruise sunk due to a fierce thunderstorm. The incident happened on June 1, 2015, and later, on June 13, 442 deaths were confirmed. 

Enjoy the next Disney movie, just like Marvel, Pixar, and star wars on the 3d Disney theatres.

Due to the mighty thunderstorm, it was impossible to rescue people, but still, 12 were rescued from the ship. Most of the people on board were in their 60s and 70s. 

How many cruise ships sink a year

The ratio of the cruise sinks in a year is negligible. In the last 100 years, 18 cruises sank (excluding small river cruises). So you can take the idea that probably sinking cruises are very limited. 

If 18 cruises sank in the last 100 years, the cruise sank rate is 1 in 5.5 years, and the yearly rate is only 0.18%.

Especially in the current era, the cruise is made very robust, and engineers have worked on the stability of cruises for months and years. Moreover, modern cruises are equipped with enough lifeboats for harsh circumstances.

You will be glad to know that most of the cruise lines also stay connected with rescue services with helicopters and boats to save lives. 

Can a cruise ship sink in a storm?

Sea storms are the deadliest natural disaster, especially sea storms. 

Most modern cruise lines have advanced navigational and weather devices to predict storms. That’s why captains can take necessary precautions to avoid harsh circumstances. 

But what happens if a cruise accidentally hits the storm? Massive thunderstorms are like the closing chapter of the book of Life. 

The situation became even worse when the cruise lost navigation. And if the cruise hits the center or core of the prom, then its likelihood of survival becomes zero. 

Here I’m talking about superstorms, which are the deadliest. But minor storms can’t even affect the cruise stability. 

If you’re planning to cruise on the Atlantic Ocean, avoiding Hurricane seasons is recommended. The season starts on 1 June and lasts till the end of November. During the Hurricane seasons, the power storms and hurricanes can impact your cruising experience.

Similarly, rain storms are also dangerous for cruises. During mighty rain storms, the sea level fluctuates, and cruises start pitching and rolling. 

Reasons Why A Cruise Ship Sunk?

There is not a single reason why cruise ships sink. You have read the few reasons in the above table.

But before knowing the reasons, you should know that cruises rarely sink. If you compare the cruise sunk rate with the past 100 years, only one cruise sank in 5.5 years. 

When we delve into the historical records, the collision is the most common cause for the cruise to sink. 

Secondly, the storms, foggy conditions, and rain storms are underlying factors due to which cruises sink. 

Especially during stormy weather, the waves force the cruises to lean at dangerous angles. And if the ship hits the center of the storm, it can make the situation even worse. 

Most cruises in the past sank due to the deadliest storms and thunders. 

Also, the foggy weather makes the vision unclear, making it difficult for the captain to operate a cruise. In this situation, a cruise can collide with a reef or any other ship that can endanger her. 

There are a plethora of other reasons why cruises can sink. These include; human error, navigation errors, fire, flooding, lack of maintenance, etc. 

Which Is The Safest Cruise Line To Travel?

Cruises become very captivating and entertaining, so the demand is also increasing day by day. Seeing the cursing enthusiasm, many faint cruise lines are no entrant in the market. 

Therefore, before booking a cruise voyage, you should research because every cruise line has different safety policies. Few cruise Lines also offer life insurance and other safety procedures. 

Royal Caribbean Is The Most Safe?

Among all the Cruise lines, the Royal Caribbean is at the top of the list. This cruise line has stringent safety protocols and compliance with international regulations. 

The modern Royal Caribbean Cruise has 18 lifeboats, each carrying 370 people and 6660 people. They have well trained and professional crew to handle bad situations.

And the good news is none of the Royal Caribbean cruises have ever sunk because they build rock-solid cruises. 

Also, Royal Caribbean offers a travel protection program that covers risks and financial losses. 

The Allure of the Seas, Harmony Of the Seas, and Icon of the Seas are the most famous in the Royal Caribbean cruise line. 

Disney Cruise Line 

Every individual knows about Disney cruises. They are family-friendly and best for kids. Being a family cruise, the Disney cruise line focuses intensely on safety protocols. 

Secondly, the Disney Cruise line has a highly professional and trained crew to handle emergencies. Usually, Disney cruises have 20 lifeboats, and each can carry 150 passengers.

Disney also offers vacation protection that covers all travel insurance benefits, injuries, and financial loss during emergencies and other incidents. 

Before departing, the Disney staff gives brief instructions on how to handle emergencies. Due to these strict security guidelines, Disney cures are considered safe for families. 

Other Safe Cruises  

Besides the Royal Caribbean and Disney cruises line, the Carnival, Celebrity, and Norwegian cruise lines are also considered the safest. 

Before picking any cruise line, first go through their safety guidelines and regulations, so you can make a better decision. 

Can a cruise ship tip over?

Modern cruises have tall buildings that can easily tip over in storms . But in reality, it won’t happen. 

Cruises remain stable and upright even when rogue waves hit them because of the proper weight distribution and stabilizer. 

Modern cruises have gyroscopic stabilizers that keep the cruise upright and can withstand rogue waves up to 50 feet in height. 

The lower area and the hull of cruise ships are made of heavy material, mostly steel, whereas the upper section is usually lightweight. This technique lowers the ship’s center of gravity and provides high stability to avoid tip over. 

Has a Carnival cruise ship ever sunk?

The Carnival Cruise line contains mighty cruises, and most have transatlantic cruises. Since the inception, only Carnival Cruise has ever sunk, the Costa Concordia. 

In the above article, I have mentioned how Costa Concordia was sunk in 2012. There were around 3200 passengers on board this ship, and only 32 lost their life. 

The professional and well-trained crew staff immediately rescued the people and saved the lives of 3160+ people. 

There were no faults in the engine of this ocean liner, but unfortunately, it stuck with the reef due to foggy weather. 

Final Words 

Most cruisers always search, “How often do cruise ships sink?” It’s better to know some history of a cruise before a voyage. But you don’t need to be fearful at all.

Such incidents are rare, especially in this decade’s cruises use advance technologies to improve safety measures. 

If you want to be safer, you should go for Royal Caribbean or Disney Cruise lines, as they have stringent safety protocols and offer life insurance. 

But you shouldn’t be afraid of cruising; it’s a fun activity to enjoy summer vacations and spend quality time with family.

I am Zoe Grace, a passionate enthusiast of cruise ships. With a decade of firsthand experience in the cruising industry, I have developed a deep understanding of the intricacies and wonders that these majestic vessels hold.

Now, I am excited to embark on a new journey as an author, sharing my knowledge and insights with readers who share my fascination for the world of cruising.

Join me as we explore the captivating world of cruise ships together.

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How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk?

Disclosure: This post may contain affiliate links. We may receive compensation when you purchase via my links at no cost to you. See my disclosure for more information.

• Cruise ship sinkings are rare, with roughly 22 incidents in the last 100 years.
• Advanced safety features and improvements in technology have reduced the likelihood of sinking.
• Many sinkings occurred while ships were berthed or towed, not during active cruises.

Cruise ships are a popular vacation choice for millions worldwide, offering luxurious amenities, exciting activities, and the opportunity to visit multiple destinations in a single trip. However, the safety of these massive floating hotels occasionally comes into question, particularly when considering the possibility of sinking.

In the last century, only a few cruise ships have sunk. When a cruise ship does sink, most or all of the passengers and crew remain safe thanks to the cruise line industry’s safety protocols.

Table of Contents

Since 1912,  only 24 cruise ships have sunk , including ocean liners and river cruise ships. It’s essential to note that some cruise ship sinkings occurred while the vessel was berthed or towed.

We can attribute the rarity of cruise ship sinkings to modern safety features and the robust designs of these vessels.

Cruise ships today are built with a focus on safety, making them incredibly resilient to sinking. Even if an unfortunate incident occurs, modern cruise ships are equipped with numerous safety measures to save as many lives as possible.

As a result, the loss of life in such events is generally minimal.

Sadly, some of the earliest sinkings resulted in a large number of casualties.

On average, since 1912, a cruise ship sinks every four and a half years, emphasizing the infrequency of such occurrences. However, the frequency of cruise ship disasters is decreasing as technology and safety improve, and we continue to learn from past tragedies.

Despite the rare nature of cruise ships sinking, there have been a few notable instances, such as the Titanic and the Costa Concordia disaster. However, these high-profile events tend to overshadow the actual safety record of the cruise industry, which is, by and large, quite impressive.

How often do cruise ships sink?

It’s important to understand that cruise ship sinkings are incredibly rare occurrences. Over the past 100 years, only 22 cruise ships have sunk.

However, several sinkings occurred while ships were moored or being towed. Cruise ship sinkings are rare when you consider the number of cruise ships operating year-round .

Modern cruise ships are designed with numerous safety features that help to minimize the risk of sinking. Additionally, strict regulations and inspections help to maintain a high level of safety aboard these vessels. These efforts, along with advancements in technology, contribute to the infrequent nature of cruise ship sinkings.

However, cruise ships specifically have an even lower frequency of sinking compared to this overall number. While it is challenging to determine the precise number of cruise ship sinkings in the recent past, one can generally conclude that these events are rare and not a significant concern for travelers.

In summary, cruise ship sinking is infrequent, thanks to modern technology and strict safety regulations. Passengers can feel confident in the safety and stability of their cruise ship experiences.

How Often Do Cruise Ships Sink?

Cruise ships sinking is rare, thanks to modern safety features and strict regulations. Only 20 cruise ships have sunk in the past 100 years.

It is important to note that not all sinkings of these instances involved passengers onboard or resulted in significant casualties.

Cruise ship sinkings have become increasingly rare thanks to advancements in technology and navigation systems.

Can Cruise Ships Sink?

Yes, cruise ships can sink, but such instances are quite rare.

Modern cruise ships are equipped with advanced safety features that help minimize the risk of sinking. These features include advanced navigation systems, improved hull design, and watertight compartments preventing a ship from taking on too much water. In addition, cruise ship crews are trained in emergency procedures and undergo regular safety drills, ensuring they are prepared to respond to potential incidents.

Despite these safety measures, historical records show that 24 cruise ships and ocean liners have sunk since the RMS Titanic tragedy in 1912.

While the thought of a cruise ship sinking can be unsettling, it is essential to remember that safety remains a top priority for the cruise industry. Passengers can have peace of mind knowing they are on one of the safest modes of transportation available, with the frequency of sinking incidents being extremely low compared to other forms of travel.

When Was the Last Time a Cruise Ship Sank?

The last time a cruise ship sank with passengers on board was in 2012, when the Costa Concordia ran aground in Italy. The Italian cruise ship struck rocks and eventually capsized, resulting in the loss of 34 lives. The event was also notable for the charges brought against members of the ship’s crew, particularly Captain Francesco Schettino, who is serving a 16-year sentence for manslaughter.

In recent years, several safety measures and regulations have been implemented in the cruise industry to ensure maximum security for their passengers. These changes have significantly reduced the number of accidents and sinkings and contributed to the fact that we don’t often hear about such incidents.

What Keeps Ships Afloat?

Ships, especially cruise ships, can be incredibly massive structures, yet they are designed to float effortlessly on water. Cruise ships float thanks to the principle of buoyancy. Archimedes’ principle , the physical law of buoyancy, states that any object submerged in a fluid (like water) experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

One crucial factor that contributes to a ship’s buoyancy is the shape of its hull. Ships have a broad, flat bottom, which allows them to displace a large volume of water. This displacement creates an upward force that counteracts the ship’s weight.

Cruise ships continue to float if the ship’s density is less than the water’s density.

Ships use strong, lightweight materials, such as steel and aluminum, which provide structural support while keeping the overall density low. Additionally, the hull is divided into watertight compartments, which prevents water from flooding the entire vessel in case of damage. This design helps maintain the ship’s buoyancy and prevents cruise ships from tipping over .

The stability of a ship is also essential in preventing it from capsizing. Ships are designed with a low center of gravity. The low center of gravity is achieved by placing heavy components, such as engines and fuel tanks, in the lower section of the ship. The design strategy ensures that the vessel remains upright and stable even in rough seas.

Historical Overview of Cruise Ship Sinkings

 rms titanic – 1912.

The RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 15, 1912. The vessel sank after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, UK, to New York City. An estimated 1,517 of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew died in the disaster.

At the time of her construction, the Titanic was the largest ship afloat and was considered an engineering marvel. She set sail with over 2,200 passengers and crew on board for her first transatlantic crossing. On April 14, the Titanic received several warnings of icebergs ahead but continued sailing at 22 knots.

Shortly before midnight, lookouts spotted an iceberg in the ship’s path. The Titanic could not turn fast enough and struck the iceberg on her starboard side, causing damage below the waterline.

As the ship took on water, it became clear she would sink. Due to a lack of lifeboats and cold water temperatures at the time of the Titanic’s disaster, there was a massive loss of life. The tragedy led to significant improvements in maritime safety regulations.

Empress of Ireland – 1914

The RMS Empress of Ireland was an ocean liner that sank in the St. Lawrence River in Canada after colliding with another ship in dense fog in the early morning of May 29, 1914.

The Empress was en route from Quebec City to Liverpool with 1,477 passengers and crew aboard. Upon colliding with the Norwegian collier Storstad, the Empress suffered severe damage and took on water rapidly. The ship sank in just 14 minutes despite quick efforts to evacuate passengers. Of those on board, 1,012 people perished in the disaster, making it the worst peacetime maritime disaster in Canadian history.

RMS Lusitania – 1915

The British ocean liner RMS Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo on May 7, 1915, during World War I, killing 1,198 passengers and crew. The Cunard Line-owned Lusitania was sailing from New York to Liverpool on her 202 transatlantic crossing when the vessel was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland.

Moments after the torpedo strike, a second explosion erupted from the ship’s hull. The extensive damage and degree of listing meant that only six lifeboats could lower from the vessel’s starboard side.

Around 18 minutes after the torpedo strike, the ship sank. Of the 1,962 passengers and crew aboard the Lusitania, only 764 survived.

The German government claimed that RMS Lusitania carried 173 tons of munitions and ammunition. However, the British government denies that the ocean liner carried such war munitions aside from the small arms ammunition published on the vessel’s military cargo.

HMHS Britannic – 1916

HMHS Britannic was the third and largest vessel of the White Star Line’s Olympic-class ocean liners. The ship was built as a transatlantic passenger liner and launched just before the start of World War I.

After the outbreak of war, Britannic was requisitioned by the British Admiralty before she could enter passenger service and converted into a hospital ship renamed Britannic. In November 1916, while serving in the Aegean Sea, the Britannic struck a naval mine planted by a German U-boat.

The explosion caused significant damage and sank the ship in just 55 minutes. Despite the speed of the sinking, the quick evacuation saved 1,030 lives. Sadly, 30 people died during the sinking.

Principessa Mafalda – 1927

The SS Principessa Mafalda was an Italian transatlantic ocean liner that sank off the coast of Brazil in 1927. After a delay due to mechanical problems, the ship began on her 14-day sailing.

During the sailing, it became clear that the ship was in poor condition, as the vessel stopped several times in the ocean. On October 25, the starboard propeller shaft fractured, creating a series of gashes in the hull.

The vessel began to take on water, and issues with the watertight doors meant they could not be fully closed. The ship sank slowly, taking over four hours to submerge. But confusion, and 314 people lost their lives.

Georges Philippar – 1932

The Georges Philippar was a French passenger ship that caught fire and sank in the Gulf of Aden in 1932, resulting in 54 deaths. On May 16, while sailing on her maiden voyage off the coast of Italian Somaliland, a spark from a faulty light switch ignited wood paneling in a luxury cabin occupied by Mme Valentin.

There was a delay in reporting the fire, allowing it to spread rapidly. The situation deteriorated despite Captain Vicq’s efforts to fight the blaze and beach the ship.

With engine rooms evacuated, the Georges Philippar was left adrift. The captain ordered passengers and crew to abandon the ship and sent a distress call. Three nearby vessels came to the rescue – the Soviet tanker  Sovietskaïa Neft , the French ship  Andre Lebon , and two British cargo ships,  Mahsud  and  Contractor .

Rescuers saved 698 survivors. However, 54 people perished, some jumping overboard in desperation.

SS Morro Castle – 1934

The luxury ocean liner SS Morro Castle was sailing from Havana to New York City on September 7, 1934, when a fire broke out around 3:00 a.m. Fueled by high winds, the fire quickly spread out of control.

Despite efforts to fight the blaze and launch lifeboats, chaos ensued as panicked passengers faced the choice to remain on the burning ship or jump into the sea. After just 6 hours, the devastated Morro Castle ran aground near Asbury Park, New Jersey.

Of the 549 passengers and crew aboard, only 312 survived.

Later investigations found that a lack of training and fire safety preparedness contributed to the incredibly high casualty toll. The burnt wreck remained beached until dismantled in 1935, serving as a solemn reminder of the terror faced by those on board.

The tragic fire demonstrated the need to improve fireproofing, safety drills, and crew training on ocean liners.

Empress of Britain – 1940

The RMS Empress of Britain, an ocean liner owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway and operated by the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company, transported passengers and troops across the Atlantic during World War II.

In the early morning of October 26, 1940, while sailing about 450 miles west of Ireland, the Empress of Britain was struck by two torpedoes fired from the German submarine U-32. Despite efforts to prevent flooding, the damage was too extensive, severely causing the ship to list.

With the order to abandon ship, lifeboats were hurriedly lowered into the darkness, some capsizing in the chaos as flares lit up the sky. British naval ships rescued 1,259 survivors from the sinking liner, but 45 unfortunate souls were lost, either drowned or killed in the initial blasts.

By morning, the elegant Empress of Britain had slipped beneath the waves, demonstrating the vulnerability of civilian ships to Germany’s ruthless submarine warfare tactics.

Andrea Doria – 1956

The Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria was on a routine voyage from Italy to New York with over 1,700 passengers and crew in July 1956. On July 25, the Andrea Doria collided with the Swedish liner Stockholm in extremely foggy conditions off Nantucket, Massachusetts.

The Stockholm’s bow stabbed into Andrea Doria’s side, ripping open passenger cabins and causing catastrophic damage below the waterline. Despite efforts to control flooding, the mortally wounded Andrea Doria sank 10 hours later in over 200 feet of water.

Fortunately, 1,660 people survived in the lifeboats. However, the violent collision claimed 46 lives from impact injuries and drowning.

Bianca C – 1961

Bianca C is a unique ship because it actually sunk twice. The first sinking was in WWII when Germans sank the vessel operating as a passenger ferry.

The ship’s hull was raised and refitted into a cruise ship before it sank in 1961.

On September 22, 1961, the Italian cruise ship Bianca C departed Grenada on an overnight voyage to Italy with over 600 passengers and crew. Around midnight, an engine room explosion started a fire that quickly engulfed the ship.

As smoke-filled corridors, the captain ordered passengers and crew to evacuate the burning ship. Liferafts and lifeboats were lowered into the dark tropical waters as nearby ships rushed to assist. Most passengers managed to abandon the Bianca C safely; tragically, one crew member was killed during the explosion. But all other passengers and crew were evacuated safely.

Angelina Lauro – 1979

In March 1979, the aging Italian ocean liner Angelina Lauro was sold to Costa Lines. While chartering to the new cruise line, the vessel caught fire while berthed in Saint Thomas.

After several days of burning, the vessel was deemed a total loss. There were no casualties from the fire.

MS Mikhail Lermentov – 1986

On February 16, 1986, the Soviet cruise liner Mikhail Lermentov struck rocks and sank off New Zealand’s South Island, carrying over 1,000 passengers and crew. Though no passengers were lost, the chief electrical engineer tragically drowned during the chaotic evacuation.

Within hours, rescue ships and aircraft managed to evacuate everyone else safely from the stricken vessel before it slipped below the waves. An inquiry later blamed poor navigation for allowing the massive ship to stray dangerously close to the jagged reef in low visibility, tearing a massive gash in the hull and rapidly flooding the liner.

SS Admiral Nakhimov – 1986

SS Admiral Nakhimov has the most fascinating story on our list. The vessel has sunk a total of three times.

In WWII, the vessel operated as a hospital ship for Germany and was sunk during the war.

As part of reparations, the vessel was given to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union attempted to recover the ship’s hull, but mines planted in the ship’s hull by the Germans exploded, causing the vessel to sink for a second time.

SS Admiral Nakhimov sank for the third and final time on August 31, 1986. The Soviet passenger liner collided with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev in the Black Sea near the Strait of Kerch. The collision tore a massive hole in Admiral Nakhimov’s hull, causing rapid flooding of the ship.

As the power failed, evacuation efforts turned chaotic, with insufficient lifeboats and poor leadership. Within 30 minutes, the Admiral Nakhimov had capsized and sank. Tragically, over 423 people lost their lives.

MV Jupiter – 1988

On June 21, 1975, the British roll-on/roll-off ferry MV Jupiter collided with the tanker Phoenix II midway through a crossing of the English Channel from Dover to Zeebrugge. The collision tore open MV Jupiter’s car deck, causing catastrophic flooding.

As the Jupiter dangerously listed, the crew sent distress calls and evacuated most of the 585 passengers and crew. Sadly, two crew members and two passengers (a teacher and a pupil) tragically lost their lives.

Achille Lauro – 1988

On November 30, 1994, a devastating engine room fire erupted on the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro as it sailed off Somalia, quickly raging out of control. During an urgent nighttime evacuation, two passengers tragically died.

Rescue ships and aircraft safely evacuated all other passengers and crew from the burning liner. After two days of intense fire, the vessel sank.

An investigation blamed an engine room explosion that disabled safety systems.

MTS Oceanos – 1991

On August 3, 1991, the Greek cruise ship Oceanos sank off South Africa after massive waves damaged caused a ventilation pipe to come loose. It’s believed that an insufficient repair left the pipe vulnerable to impacts.

The broken ventilation pipe caused excessive flooding. When the captain became aware that the ship was sinking, he and a handful of crew members abandoned the ship.

Remarkably, the entertainment staff took charge, helping passengers evacuate from the sinking liner. Nearby vessels rescued all 571 people over the next two days.

Sun Vista – 1999

On August 8, 1999, the Malaysian cruise ship Sun Vista sank in the Malacca Strait after an engine room fire knocked out power and caused severe listing. The well-trained crew immediately evacuated all passengers and crew into lifeboats and summoned help from nearby ships.

SeaBreeze – 2000

On December 17, 2000, the cruise ship Seabreeze I was sailing approximately 225 nautical miles off the coast of Virginia when it suffered a catastrophic mechanical failure and rapidly sank. Cruise Ventures III had just purchased the 21,000 GT, 9-deck passenger vessel and was transiting from Halifax to Charleston when disaster struck.

The boiler allegedly broke loose, severely damaging the vessel’s engine room and causing massive flooding. As the 40-year-old Seabreeze swiftly took on water, the captain called ‘abandon ship’ and requested immediate rescue for the 34 crew members aboard.

Suspicion swirled around the sinking, as some believed it was an intended sinking. The aged Seabreeze was likely only worth $5-6 million in scrap value yet carried a $20 million insurance policy.

The ship went down in international waters. As the vessel was a foreign-flagged ship under the Panama flag, the sinking in international waters put the investigation under Panamanian jurisdiction, much to the chagrin of maritime officials who doubted Panama’s diligence.

The captain’s wishes to abandon the vessel rather than salvage it also raised suspicion.

US Coast Guard rescuers believed it to be highly unlikely that the ship could sink so quickly. The Coast Guard was astonished that the captain demanded a complete evacuation rather than requesting salvage tugs.

Britanis – 2000

The Britanis was on her way to a scrapyard in India when the vessel developed a leak in the ship’s aft. The vessel’s owners decided repairing the leak was too costly and allowed the boat to sink.

No one was aboard the vessel as it was being towed by tug boats. And there were no casualties from the incident.

MS Sea Diamond – 2007

On April 5, 2007, the Greek cruise ship Sea Diamond sank near Santorini after straying off course and striking a reef, tearing open the hull. As the vessel lost power and listed, the crew hastily evacuated 1,195 passengers, rescuing nearly everyone.

Sadly, two passengers tragically died during the sinking. By afternoon, the crippled Sea Diamond had sunk in 500 feet of water.

An investigation initially blamed the captain for deviating dangerously close to shore—however, people later discovered that the sea charts for the area were inaccurate. The reef was marked on the map at 57 meters, while the vessel ran aground at 131 meters from shore.

MV Explorer – 2007

On November 23, 2007, the cruise ship MV Explorer sank off Antarctica after colliding with an iceberg in the early morning. The iceberg tore a hole in the ship’s hull, causing catastrophic flooding.

As the stricken ship lost power and listed dangerously near King George Island, the well-trained crew urgently evacuated all 154 passengers and crew into lifeboats. Thanks to an effective emergency response, not a single life was lost in the dramatic sinking in frigid Antarctic waters.

After five hours of drifting in the lift rafts, all 154 people were rescued by MS Nordnorge.

Costa Concordia – 2012

On January 13, 2012, the Costa Concordia cruise ship struck a reef and catastrophically capsized off the Italian island of Giglio, with over 4,252 passengers and crew aboard. The 951-foot cruise ship deviated off course, sailing dangerously close to shore.

The violent impact tore a 160-foot gash in the hull, causing severe listing and a partial sinking within hours.

While most people managed to evacuate via the ship’s lifeboats , helicopters, and ships, 34 people tragically perished in the chaotic aftermath.

Captain Francesco Schettino’s reckless course deviation was identified as the cause of the incident. He was subsequently found guilty of manslaughter and is currently serving a 16-year prison sentence.

Ocean Dream – 2016

The Ocean Dream was a cruise ship abandoned without crew or maintenance near Laem Chabang, Sri Racha, Thailand, in 2015 after the ship’s owner went bankrupt. The neglected ship capsized and sank in shallow water off the coast in February 2016.

Attempts were made to upright the sunken ship but failed. It was decided that the Ocean Dream would be dismantled and scrapped on-site rather than refloated. By the end of 2019, most of the remaining visible portions of the wreck had been dismantled and scrapped, leaving just the lower hull on the seafloor.

Orient Queen – 2020

The massive 2020 explosion that ripped through Beirut’s port inflicted tragic damage 1,000 feet away on the cruise ship Orient Queen. The powerful blast wave tore a massive hole in the Orient Queen’s hull, killing two crew members and injuring seven more as fires broke out.

Unable to be salvaged, the gutted cruise ship capsized over the next 48 hours where it was docked, ending its 40-year cruising career.

Marcello De Lio

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How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk in the Past 100 Years?

Home » How Many Cruise Ships Have Sunk in the Past 100 Years?

Last updated on January 11th, 2024 at 10:24 am

Cruises are one of the safest options for vacations, but in the past 100 years there have been some incidents with cruise ships sinking . Here are some notable ones in the past 100 years.

Titanic (1912)  The most famous cruise ship sinking in history, the Titanic sank after colliding with an iceberg.

Empress of Ireland (1914) This large passenger liner sank after colliding with a Norwegian cargo ship, the Storstad, during foggy weather. 

Lusitania (1915)   For a few months before her sinking, the Lusitania was the largest passenger ship in the world. A casualty of WWI, she was hit by a torpedo from a German U-boat off the south coast of Ireland. 

Britannic (1916) Sister ship of the Titanic, during WWI she struck a German naval mine off the coast of a Greek island and sank in less than an hour.  

Princess Mafalda (1927) When a propeller shaft broke and damaged the hull of the ship, the Princess Mafalda sank off the coast of Brazil. 

Saint Philibert (1931) A smaller cruise ship, the Saint Philibert sailed mainly in the Loire River and the French coastline. She sank in bad weather, but was also overloaded with twice her capacity on board. 

Georges Philippar (1932) Unfortuanlety, this ocean liner sank on her maiden voyage. There was an electrical fault that sparked and set wood paneling on fire causing her to sink near Italian Somaliland. 

SS Morro Castle (1934) A fire on board would disable the ship as it burned through the electrical cables and hydraulic lines that steered the ship. Her captain had died the evening before of an apparent heart attack. The burning ship drifted ashore in the shallow waters off Asbury Park in New Jersy, USA. 

Empress of Britian (1940)  Another victim of war, The ship was bombed from above in WWII when she was off the coast of Ireland. She was hit by two 550lb bombs.

Andrea Doria (1956) Struck by another ship, the Stockholm, the Andrea Doria began to list at once. This made most of the lifeboats inaccessible. However, because the ship sank slowly there were fourty six people killed, but 1660 passengers and crew were saved by rescue ships. 

Bianca C (1961) The Bianca has the dubious distinction of being sunk twice. As a passenger ferry, it was scuttled by the Germans in WWII. When she was sold to Costa Lines and refitted as a cruise ship, she sank for the second time when there was an explosion in the engine room. 

Angelina Lauro (1979) This ship caught fire in port at Saint Thomas. The ship burned for several days and was a total loss. While being towed to a scrapyard later that year, the Angelina Lauro sank.

MS Mikhail Lermentov (1986)  On a cruise from Sydney that was on a two-week itinerary to New Zealand, the ship hit some rocks while sailing past Cape Jackson.

SS Admiral Nakhimov (1986) While operating cruises in the Black Sea, this ship collided with a freighter. They had communicated with the freighter’s captain who had assured the SS Nakhimov that they would be able to avoid a collision.

MV Jupiter  (1988)  This Greek-registered ship conducted cruises around the Mediterranean. She sank just 40 minutes after leaving Piraeus with a study cruise. There were 391 British schoolchildren and 84 adults on the ship, along with 110 crew. One child, one teacher and two crew died.

Achille Lauro  (1988)  The Achille Lauro had several unfortunate events including a hijacking, two collisions with other ships and four onboard fires. The last fire sank the ship off the coast of Somalia.

MTS Oceanos  (1991)  This ship, sailing from Greece, sank from excessive flooding that was caused by freak waves. It is believed that the waves broke a ventilation pipe that had not been correctly repaired and caused the flooding to be severe. To their shame, the captain and some crew abandoned the ship. It was the entertainers on the ship who gave alarm and guided passengers to safety. The captain and crew members were later convicted.

Sun Vista  (1999) The sun set on this ship due to an engine room fire. The fire cut all power to the ship’s operating mechanisms and she sank in the Strait of Malacca.

SeaBreeze  (2000)  The boiler in the ship broke off and damaged the ship. This happened in 30-foot seas, which caused the ship to take on water and capsize. The ship had no passengers on board as she was headed into port for engine repairs.

Britanis  (2000)  While being towards a scrapyard in India, this ship began to take on water and list. As there was no one on board, the list was not corrected. The tugboat towing Britianis cut the ship free and it capzied and sank off the coast of Cape Town.

MV Explorer  (2007)  A small cruise ship, the MV Explorer was the first cruise ship that was specifically used for cruises to the Antarctic Ocean. She struck an iceberg and sank. Her passengers and crew made it to the lifeboats and were rescued after drifting for five hours.

MS Sea Diamond  (2007)  Striking a reef 430 feet from shore, the Captain was blamed and jailed for this sinking. The sea charts he was using were incorrect, and had stated that the reefs were 187 feet from shore off the island of Santorini in the Aegean Sea. 

Costa Concordia  (2012)  In modern history, the Costa Concordia is the most famous cruise ship that has sunk. It struck an underwater rock off the coast of Tuscany. The Captain was also blamed for taking the ship off course and too close to the shore line. He was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to 16 years in prison.

Eastern Star  (2015)  This Chinese river cruise ship was caught in a storm as she was sailing to Chongqing. The ship sank in just 50 feet of water, but only 12 people of the 456 onboard survived.

Ocean Dream  (2016)  This ship has many owners and about half a dozen names. After having been abandoned in Thailand for over a year, she sank when she capsized. 

Orient Queen  (2020)  The Orient Queen would sail from Beirut to the eastern Mediterranean. While in port, with no passengers on board, the ship sank after there was a huge ammonium nitrate explosion at the port. Other ships also in port were damaged, but the Orient Queen was the only one to sink. 

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The Getaway

How Normal Are Cruise Mishaps?

By Stephanie Rosenbloom

• May 8, 2013

Its name is Triumph, yet this year has been anything but that for the 14-year-old ship owned by Carnival Corporation, the world’s largest cruise company.

The latest news is that Carnival is seeking to dismiss lawsuits from the Triumph passengers whose ordeal this winter transfixed the nation. In case you’ve blocked out the vile details: in February a fire in the engine room shut down the Triumph’s power, propulsion, sewage and air-conditioning systems, leaving 4,200 passengers adrift for days in the Gulf of Mexico with little to eat and raw sewage seeping through the ship’s walls and carpets. Even in the home stretch — when the crippled ship was being tugged to port — a towline snapped, prolonging the rescue. 

Savvy travelers have to ask: Is this normal? How many fires, power failures and other unwelcome incidents are there in the life of the average cruise ship? 

Before offering some answers, let’s recount what has happened to the Triumph over the last few months.

Triumph floated around the Gulf of Mexico for five days while news of the rank conditions leaked out through Facebook, Twitter and CNN, which had a helicopter whirring around the Triumph for nonstop coverage. The notion of travelers spending their vacations trapped amid raw sewage so captured the collective American imagination that “ Saturday Night Live ” opened a show with a skit set onboard the Triumph in which a perky cruise director informed passengers that “the Superstar Karaoke Bar is now officially a toilet.”

Amazingly, the Triumph’s travails didn’t end after it finally reached port in Mobile, Ala. Early last month while undergoing repairs, the ship became unmoored in strong winds, crashed into another boat and wound up with a 20-foot-long gash in its side. Could the Triumph be more unlucky?   Yes. A few weeks later explosions from fuel barges on the Mobile River forced workers on the nearby Triumph to evacuate. That incident was seemingly beyond Carnival’s control. And accidents happen on other passenger ships. But it’s worth looking closely at the Triumph because it belongs to a company that spent more last year than any other cruise line on lobbying Congress, according to the secretary of the United States Senate.

Is what happened to the Triumph normal? Obtaining answers is not easy. 

“No one is systemically collecting data of collisions, fires, evacuations, groundings, sinkings,” said Jim Walker , a maritime lawyer in Miami who has attended more than half a dozen Congressional hearings about cruise ship crime and passenger safety. The reason for the lack of data is that cruise lines, while based in the United States, typically incorporate and register their ships overseas. Industry experts say the only place cruise lines are obligated to report anything is to the state under whose laws the ship operates. “The whole industry is essentially outsourced abroad,” said Mr. Walker.   Or, as Senator Charles E. Schumer said in a statement after the Triumph debacle: “Cruise ships, in large part operating outside the bounds of United States enforcement, have become the wild west of the travel industry.”

Vance Gulliksen, a spokesman for Carnival, said that given that the company carries 4.5 million passengers annually, the incidents on the Triumph “are quite rare.”

“Carnival’s ships are extremely safe and we meet or exceed all regulatory standards in every respect,” he said in an e-mail. “Nonetheless, Carnival has taken the recent events extremely seriously and we want to do everything we can to prevent it from happening again.” To that end, Carnival said it has begun investing $300 million in enhancements across its fleet, including improved emergency power capabilities, and increased fire prevention and suppression systems.

Yet for the industry overall, there remains no comprehensive public database of events at sea like fires, power failures and evacuations. Neither the International Maritime Organization nor the United States Coast Guard track everything. But there is one unlikely man who does.

“It’s a Canadian professor of sociology,” Mr. Walker said, “who testifies in front of the senate.”

Ross A. Klein, an American with dual citizenship and a professor at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada, was a longtime cruise enthusiast, spending more than 300 days at sea between 1992 and 2002. During that time, he saw that there were differences between what the cruise industry was saying about environmental and labor issues, and what he was observing.

Today, Mr. Klein is an authority on the cruise industry, having testified at hearings before the House of Representatives and the Senate about onboard crimes, disappearances and industry oversights. His Web site, CruiseJunkie.com , is a record of fires, sunken ships, collisions and other events at sea over the last few decades that have been culled from news reports and sources like crew members and passengers.   There are some limits: Mr. Klein receives fewer reports about incidents in Asia, Africa and South America, therefore most of the information is about cruises in North America and Europe. And he is unlikely to learn about problems that are not reported by English speakers or English language news organizations. “I’m sure there are a lot more incidents going on that we don’t know about,” he said.

I used the statistics Mr. Klein does have — many of which were part of his testimony last year before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation — to help determine just how rare (or not) the events aboard the Triumph were. Here’s what the data reveal.

Adrift at Sea Loss of power is common, according to Mr. Klein. “It’s inconvenient,” he said. But it typically lasts no more than a few hours.

Evacuation Evacuations are infrequent, and when they do happen, they are usually done safely. Mr. Klein said that about three or four times a year there is preparation to abandon a ship, though actually abandoning it is rare. One of the most recent evacuations was in 2007, when a GAP Adventures ship called the Explorer struck ice off Antarctica and began sinking. All 154 people on board were safely evacuated. Still, even larger evacuations in the ocean are possible: in 1999 a Sun Cruises ship caught fire and sank off the coast of Malaysia, but the more than 1,000 people on board safely made it onto lifeboats and rafts.

Fire Fires are not unusual. There have been about 79 fires onboard cruise ships between 1990 and 2011, according to Mr. Klein’s data. Up until about 2006 there were usually three or four fires a year. From 2006 onward the number of fires doubled to about seven or eight a year. That increase, Mr. Klein said, is the result of a combination of better reporting (thanks, social media) and the rapid growth of the cruise industry.

Overflowing Toilets Plumbing issues are, bewilderingly, par for the course. Mr. Klein said part of the problem is that the ships use vacuum toilets and if passengers (particularly those on upper decks) flush anything down the toilet other than human waste or toilet paper, the line of pipes from the top cabins to the bottom (and usually several cabins across) stop working. But the Triumph had a bigger problem: it lost power. The resulting raw sewage put it in the rarest of ship categories — that which inspires bathroom humor by David Letterman, Conan O’Brien and Jon Stewart.

Running Aground It’s more likely that a cruise ship will run aground than sink. From 1972 to 2011, 98 cruise ships have run aground, according to Mr. Klein’s figures. On average that’s about 2.5 ships a year.

Sinking When the Costa Concordia (a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation) partly sank last year off Giglio, Italy, killing 32 people after hitting a submerged rock, it was one of the first times a cruise ship had done so since the Explorer in 2007. From 1980 to 2012, about 16 ships have sunk. They tend to be ships that sail in inhospitable waters like the Antarctic Ocean, or ships that belong to smaller lines. One of the most devastating accidents was in 1994 in the Baltic Sea, when the Estonia sank and more than 800 people died. Today, “ships don’t sink with everybody dying,” Mr. Klein said. “The chances of loss of life are pretty minuscule.”

Bottom Line So are the events that unfolded on the Triumph normal? Yes and no. “We see maybe two to four of these kinds of incidents a year, and they range in severity,” Mr. Klein said, “with the Triumph certainly being one extreme.”

“I think that what the numbers say is that things go wrong and in most cases there is no threat to physical harm,” Mr. Klein said. “In probably 95 percent of the cases, it’s purely inconvenience.”

“Just endure it as best you can,” he advised. “If something goes wrong, your attitude is what’s going to get you through it.”

And when it’s over, you can help build the public record by telling Mr. Klein all about it: [email protected].

Follow Stephanie Rosenbloom on Twitter @stephronyt .

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How Many Cruise Ships Sink Each Year

Published: December 20, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Ferne Amundson

Introduction

Welcome aboard the exciting world of cruises! A vacation at sea is a dream for many, offering a unique blend of luxury, adventure, and relaxation. Cruise ships serve as floating cities, providing passengers with a wide range of amenities and memorable experiences. However, amidst the allure of these magnificent vessels, it’s natural to wonder about their safety and the risk of sinkings.

While cruise ship sinkings capture headlines and evoke fear, it’s important to put things into perspective. Cruise ship sinkings are relatively rare occurrences, with the industry taking extensive measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew. In this article, we will delve into the history of cruise ship sinkings, explore the factors that contribute to these incidents, examine the safety measures implemented by the cruise ship industry, and highlight notable sinkings in recent years. Additionally, we will provide statistics to help you better understand the overall safety of cruising.

So, grab your life jacket and join us as we dive into the world of cruise ship sinkings.

History of Cruise Ship Sinkings

The history of cruise ship sinkings dates back centuries, highlighting both past tragedies and advancements in maritime safety. While sinkings can evoke a sense of fear, it’s important to remember that the cruise industry has made significant improvements over the years to prevent such incidents.

One of the most infamous cruise ship sinkings occurred in 1912 when the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg and sank during its maiden voyage. This tragedy claimed the lives of over 1,500 passengers and crew, serving as a monumental wake-up call for the maritime industry. The sinking of the Titanic led to the creation of international regulations and safety standards, such as mandatory lifeboat requirements and improved communication systems.

In the decades that followed, numerous cruise ship sinkings occurred, although the frequency decreased significantly. Notable incidents include the sinking of the RMS Empress of Ireland in 1914, the SS Andrea Doria in 1956, and the MV Estonia in 1994. These incidents highlighted the importance of ongoing safety improvements and emergency response protocols.

Since the turn of the century, there have been several high-profile cruise ship sinkings. The most notable of these include the sinking of the Costa Concordia in 2012 and the Sewol ferry disaster in 2014. These incidents served as sobering reminders of the need for constant vigilance and adherence to safety protocols.

It’s important to note that the vast majority of cruise ship voyages are completed without incident. The industry has implemented numerous safety measures to reduce the likelihood of sinkings, including extensive crew training, advanced navigation systems, and regular inspections by regulatory authorities.

While cruise ship sinkings do occur, it’s crucial to remember that they are rare events in comparison to the number of successful voyages undertaken each year. The cruise industry continues to prioritize safety as a top concern and works diligently to ensure the well-being of all those who embark on their voyages.

Factors Contributing to Cruise Ship Sinkings

Cruise ship sinkings can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from natural disasters to human error. Understanding these factors is crucial in preventing future incidents and improving safety protocols within the industry.

1. Natural Disasters: Cruise ships can encounter severe weather conditions at sea, including hurricanes, storms, and rogue waves. These natural disasters can cause structural damage to the vessel, leading to potential sinkings. The cruise ship industry closely monitors weather patterns and alters itineraries or cancels trips when necessary to ensure passenger safety.

2. Mechanical Failures: Like any complex piece of machinery, cruise ships can experience mechanical failures. These failures can range from engine malfunctions to problems with navigation systems or onboard utilities. Regular maintenance and inspections, along with backup systems, are implemented to minimize the risk of mechanical failures and their potential impact on the ship’s safety.

3. Human Error: Human factors can play a significant role in cruise ship sinkings. Errors in navigation, communication, and decision-making can lead to disastrous consequences. It’s crucial for crew members to receive comprehensive training and adhere to established protocols to mitigate the risk of human error.

4. Fire Incidents: Cruise ships are equipped with various fire prevention and suppression systems, but fires can still occur onboard. Electrical malfunctions, unattended smoking, or equipment failures can lead to fires that pose a risk to the ship and its passengers. Regular fire drills, training programs, and stringent safety regulations help prevent and mitigate fire incidents.

5. Collision or Grounding: Collisions with other vessels or grounding on reefs or shallow waters can result in serious damage to a cruise ship, potentially leading to a sinking. Navigation systems, experienced bridge crews, and up-to-date charts help minimize the risk of collisions or groundings, but vigilance and adherence to safe operating practices are imperative.

It’s important to note that the cruise ship industry continuously evaluates and updates safety measures to address these contributing factors. Collaboration between cruise lines, regulatory bodies, and governing agencies plays a vital role in identifying potential risks and implementing necessary improvements.

By understanding and addressing these factors, the cruise ship industry strives to create a safer environment for passengers and crew, minimizing the chances of future sinkings and incidents at sea.

Safety Measures Implemented by the Cruise Ship Industry

The cruise ship industry places a paramount emphasis on passenger and crew safety. To ensure a secure voyage, numerous safety measures have been implemented throughout the industry. These measures address a range of areas, including crew training, onboard regulations, and emergency preparedness.

1. Crew Training: Cruise ship crew members undergo extensive training protocols to handle various emergencies and ensure passenger safety. This includes training in firefighting, first aid, evacuation procedures, and crowd management. Regular drills and simulations are conducted to test the ability of the crew to respond effectively in different scenarios.

2. Safety Regulations: The cruise ship industry is subject to strict regulations and standards enforced by regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These regulations cover a wide range of safety aspects, including construction standards, lifesaving equipment, fire protection, and ship stability.

3. Advanced Technology: Cruise ships are equipped with state-of-the-art technology to enhance safety. This includes advanced navigation systems, radar, and weather monitoring tools to detect potential risks at sea. The use of computerized monitoring systems allows for real-time analysis of crucial ship functions, promoting early detection of potential issues.

4. Emergency Preparedness: Cruise ships have comprehensive emergency response plans in place to handle various incidents, including medical emergencies, fires, and ship evacuations. These plans outline the roles and responsibilities of crew members, evacuation procedures, and the deployment of life-saving equipment such as lifeboats, life jackets, and rafts.

5. Regular Inspections: Cruise ships undergo regular inspections by flag state authorities and classification societies to ensure compliance with safety regulations. These inspections cover various aspects, including structural integrity, fire safety, lifesaving equipment, and operational systems. Non-compliance can result in penalties, fines, or the revocation of operating licenses.

6. Passenger Safety Briefings: Before a cruise ship sets sail, all passengers must attend a mandatory safety briefing. During this briefing, important safety information is provided, including the location of life jackets, emergency exits, and the assembly stations to gather in case of an evacuation. This ensures that passengers are well-informed and prepared for any potential emergency.

The cruise ship industry remains committed to continuously enhancing safety measures. As new technologies and practices emerge, cruise lines actively integrate them into their operations to further improve the safety of their passengers and crew. Through ongoing training, regulations, and preparedness, the industry strives to provide a secure and enjoyable experience for all on board.

Notable Cruise Ship Sinkings in Recent Years

While cruise ship sinkings are relatively rare, there have been some notable incidents in recent years that have captured the attention of the public. These incidents serve as important reminders of the importance of safety protocols and the need for continuous improvement within the cruise industry.

1. Costa Concordia (2012): One of the most infamous cruise ship sinkings in recent memory, the Costa Concordia struck a reef off the coast of Italy in January 2012. The captain made a navigational error, leading to the ship capsizing and resulting in the loss of 32 lives. This incident highlighted the importance of trained and responsible navigation, as well as the need for effective evacuation procedures.

2. MV Sewol (2014): While not a traditional cruise ship, the sinking of the MV Sewol ferry in South Korea in April 2014 had a profound impact on the maritime industry. The overloaded ferry capsized, resulting in the tragic loss of 304 passengers, mostly students on a school trip. The incident sparked a nationwide discussion on safety standards and resulted in tighter regulations for passenger vessels.

3. Norwegian Dawn (2015): In May 2015, the Norwegian Dawn, a cruise ship operated by Norwegian Cruise Line, encountered severe weather off the coast of the United States. The ship was hit by a massive wave, causing water to flood several decks and resulting in injuries to several passengers and crew. The incident highlighted the importance of monitoring weather conditions and taking appropriate measures to ensure passenger safety.

4. Viking Sky (2019): The Viking Sky, a cruise ship operated by Viking Ocean Cruises, made headlines in March 2019 when it experienced engine failure in treacherous conditions off the coast of Norway. The ship was left adrift and in danger of running aground, prompting a daring rescue operation to evacuate over 1,300 passengers. This incident underscored the importance of contingency plans and effective emergency response procedures.

These notable sinkings serve as reminders of the ever-present risks that can arise at sea. In their aftermath, the cruise industry has implemented additional safety measures, such as enhanced training, improved communication systems, and stricter guidelines for navigating challenging waters. The lessons learned from these incidents help shape regulations and enhance the industry’s commitment to passenger safety.

Statistics on Cruise Ship Sinkings

When considering the safety of cruise ship travel, it is important to look at the statistics surrounding cruise ship sinkings. By examining the numbers, we can gain a better understanding of the overall safety record of the industry.

According to data from the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), the likelihood of a cruise ship sinking is extremely low. Out of the millions of passengers who embark on cruise vacations each year, only a small fraction will ever experience a sinking or a major incident.

In fact, a study conducted by the University of Plymouth’s Maritime Research Group found that the chances of a cruise ship sinking are less than one in a million. This statistic includes all types of cruise ships and takes into account both major and minor incidents.

Furthermore, cruise ships are designed and built to withstand extreme conditions and are subject to rigorous safety regulations. Advances in technology, such as weather monitoring systems and state-of-the-art navigation equipment, have further enhanced the safety of modern cruise ships.

It’s also worth noting that cruise lines prioritize passenger safety and invest heavily in crew training and emergency preparedness. Regular safety drills, comprehensive emergency response plans, and ongoing safety inspections contribute to maintaining a high level of safety standards across the industry.

While cruise ships may encounter incidents such as engine failures or minor fires, the vast majority of these situations are handled smoothly and do not lead to sinkings or loss of life. The prompt response of trained crew members, advanced safety protocols, and proper evacuation procedures ensure that passengers are kept safe in the event of any incident.

As with any mode of transportation, there is always a certain level of inherent risk. However, statistics indicate that cruise ship travel remains one of the safest forms of leisure travel available today.

It is essential to keep these statistics in mind when considering a cruise vacation. While the possibility of a sinking exists, the overall risk is extremely low. By following the safety guidelines provided by the cruise line and remaining aware of emergency procedures, passengers can enjoy their cruise experience with peace of mind.

Embarking on a cruise ship vacation is a thrilling experience, filled with excitement, relaxation, and exploration. While the concept of cruise ship sinkings may evoke concern, it’s important to have a realistic perspective on the safety of the industry.

Throughout history, cruise ship sinkings have prompted significant improvements in safety regulations and practices. From the defining tragedy of the Titanic to more recent incidents, the industry has learned valuable lessons that have shaped its commitment to passenger safety.

The cruise ship industry has implemented a wide range of safety measures, including comprehensive crew training, adherence to strict regulations, advanced technology, and emergency preparedness. These measures work in harmony to reduce the risks associated with cruising and ensure the well-being of passengers and crew members.

Notable sinkings in recent years have further highlighted the importance of constant vigilance and the need for continuous improvement. By analyzing these incidents, the cruise industry is able to identify potential areas for enhancement and further strengthen its commitment to safety.

Statistics show that the chance of a cruise ship sinking is extremely low, with the industry continually striving to improve its safety record. Advances in technology, ongoing crew training, and regulatory oversight contribute to providing an environment where passengers can enjoy their vacation with confidence.

As in any form of travel, there will always be some level of inherent risk. However, the cruise ship industry’s dedication to safety measures and ongoing improvements make it one of the safest modes of leisure travel available today.

So, if you’ve been dreaming of embarking on a cruise adventure, rest assured that the industry’s commitment to safety is unwavering. By choosing a reputable cruise line, following safety guidelines, and staying informed about emergency procedures, you can indulge in the wonders of cruising while experiencing peace of mind.

Fair winds and smooth sailing on your next cruise journey!

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How Many Cruise Ships Sink Per Year?

By Robert Palmer

Cruise ships are a popular mode of travel for millions of people around the world. They offer a luxurious way to explore different parts of the globe, with many amenities and activities on board.

However, like any other mode of transportation, there is always a risk of accidents and incidents occurring. One such concern that comes up frequently is whether cruise ships sink and how often it happens.

The good news is that the likelihood of a cruise ship sinking is extremely low. In fact, according to statistics from the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), there has been only one major incident in which a cruise ship sank in the last decade, which was the Costa Concordia accident in 2012.

However, it’s essential to note that smaller incidents can still occur, such as grounding or hitting an object underwater. These incidents can cause significant damage to the ship but may not necessarily lead to sinking.

What Causes Cruise Ships to Sink?

The most common cause of a cruise ship sinking is usually due to human error or mechanical failure. For instance, if there’s a fire onboard that can’t be contained or if there’s an issue with flooding due to faulty equipment or maintenance issues, it could lead to a catastrophic event.

There are also natural causes such as severe weather conditions like hurricanes or tsunamis that could lead to sinking. However, modern cruise ships are equipped with advanced technology and monitoring systems that can detect these conditions early on and take necessary precautions.

• Human Error: This could include mistakes made by crew members during navigation or maintenance.
• Mechanical Failure: Issues with equipment such as engines or pumps could cause flooding.
• Natural Disasters: Severe weather conditions such as hurricanes or tsunamis can cause significant damage to the ship.

What Safety Measures Are in Place?

Cruise lines are required to follow strict safety regulations and guidelines set by international and national organizations. These include regular maintenance checks, emergency drills, and training for crew members.

Additionally, all ships are equipped with the latest technology and safety equipment, such as lifeboats, life jackets, and advanced monitoring systems. In case of an emergency, the crew is trained to handle the situation efficiently and evacuate passengers safely.

While it’s understandable to have concerns about cruise ship safety, it’s essential to remember that incidents leading to sinking are incredibly rare. Cruise lines prioritize passenger safety above everything else and take necessary precautions to avoid any potential dangers.

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15 nightmarish facts that will make you never want to set foot on a cruise ship

• Cruise ships can be wonderful, but they aren't exempt from disturbing occurrences.
• Cruise ships are legally required to have morgues aboard.
• Overflowing toilets aren't as uncommon as you'd hope.

Cruise ships sound like a luxurious way to knock a few locations off your bucket list — at their best, they're paradisiacal wonderlands, filled with interesting people from all walks of life, mountainous buffets, and a plethora of activities.

But sometimes, they can go very, very wrong.

Some cruise ships have been given failing grades by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After reading reports about overflowing sewage, secret morgues, and bedbug infestations, you might think they sound more sinister than you had previously realized.

From sinkings to sewage, here are 15 horrible facts about cruise ships that may keep you firmly on land.

The chances of a ship sinking is slim, but it's not an impossibility.

In 2013, The New York Times reported that 16 cruise ships sank between 1980 and 2012.

The ships that sink generally either travel through rough waters — such as the Antarctic Ocean — or belong to smaller cruise lines. One of the most fatal ship sinkings occurred in 1994, when 800 people died on a ship that sank in the Baltic Sea, the Times reported.

One of the most famous sinkings in recent history was that of the Costa Concordia. In 2012, the Italian cruise ship hit rocks off Giglio Island, partially sinking and killing 32 people. Its captain was found guilty of manslaughter in 2015. He denied the charges.

In fact, the ship only partially sank and, more accurately, ran aground. This is a more common scenario, according to The New York Times' report. Cruise expert Ross A. Klein told the publication that 98 cruise ships ran aground between 1972 and 2011, or  about 2.5 ships every year .

What's more common than sinking is a ship getting stranded.

Though cruise trips are built with relaxation in mind, the journey isn't always smooth.

In March 2019, over 1,300 passengers were left stranded when the Viking Sky luxury cruise ship ran into engine troubles off the coast of Norway. Over 400 people had to be rescued from the boat , of which 28 people were transported to hospital. 

"Throughout all of this, our first priority was for the safety and well-being of our passengers and our crew," the cruise line said in a statement after the incident, according to USA Today . "We would like to thank the Norwegian Redningssentral and the Norwegian emergency services for their support and skill displayed in managing the situation in very challenging weather conditions."

Unfortunately, there have been reported incidences of deaths on cruises.

It sounds macabre, but it happens — and more often than you'd think. According to a 2023 report from  Newsweek , a study published in the International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health found that there were 623 reported deaths on cruise ships between 2000 and 2019. 

The study concluded that, for passengers, falls were the most common cause of cruise deaths, followed by cardiac arrests and suicides. For crew members, suicide, murder, and falls were the leading causes of death.

Cruise ships are required to have morgues on board.

Cruise ships are legally required to carry body bags and maintain a morgue — they typically have space for three or four bodies, depending on the size of the ship, The Telegraph reported in 2015.

A Carnival spokesperson told Cruise Critic in 2020 that its cruise line also has a "Care Team" whose members are specifically trained to deal with grieving passengers.

The size of the morgue depends on the size of the ship. Should there not be enough space, crew members may have to get creative. In 2017, a person who identified themselves as a former cruise-ship employee on Reddit broke down what happens when someone on a ship dies.

"There were small refrigerators on the ships that, from memory, could take one or two corpses, but the contingency plan was to use a walk-in freezer," the poster wrote.

Overflowing toilets aren't uncommon.

Toilets can overflow on cruise ships. In 2017,  Reddit user Phantomsplit , who claims to have worked on cruise ships, wrote, "You would be amazed at what people will flush down the toilet. Pool noodles, t-shirts, shoes...pretty much anything that people don't want to pack with them when they leave."

According to the Daily Mail , in 2013, one Carnival cruise ship flew passengers home a few days into a voyage after it experienced a variety of complications, including overflowing toilets. Gregg Stark, a passenger who anticipated a week-long trip with his wife and children, reported that he saw what he described as "human waste" all over some of the ship's bathroom floors.

Carnival released a statement and referred to the toilet issue as an "interruption" to "restroom service." Passengers were refunded for three days of the trip and given a 50 percent discount for their next trip with the cruise line.

Cruise ships dump huge amounts of sewage into the ocean.

While many cruise lines have installed advanced wastewater-treatment systems, according to a 2022 report by environmental organization Friends of the Earth, the US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that a 3,000-person cruise ship emits 150,000 gallons of sewage each week, which amounts to over 1 billion gallons of sewage a year across the cruise industry. 

Sewage can be harmful to both humans and sea creatures. According to the organization's report , "Seafood consumers, beachgoers, surfers, and water sport enthusiasts can contract illnesses, gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea, ear nose and throat problems, vomiting, hepatitis, and respiratory diseases, when exposed to sewage- contaminated waters or seafood."

Further, marine life "can suffocate due to surplus nitrogen and phosphorous from ship sewage that can promote excessive algal growth which reduces available oxygen levels in the water," according to the report.

In addition to polluting the ocean, cruise ships emit pollution into the air.

Many cruise companies have made attempts to institute more eco-friendly practices, but a 2016 report by German NGO NABU said European cruise ships were pumping out 3,500 times more sulphur dioxide than vehicles on land, The Telegraph reported.

Daniel Rieger, a researcher at NABU, told the publication that cruise ships are "damaging global climate and human health."

NABU also found that air quality on cruise ships can be around 20 times worse than air in a busy city center .

Fires and explosions can — and have — happened.

According to a 2015 report from research firm G.P. Wild, approximately 60 people per year are injured on cruise ships due to "operational mishaps," which can range from small fires on the ship to actual explosions, collisions, and ships sinking or getting stranded.

In 2022, part of a Carnival cruise ship erupted into flames while it was docked in Grand Turk island. Soon after the incident, Carnival's public relations manager, Matt Lupoli, announced that all passengers and crew members were safe.

Keeping food fresh can be tough.

Cruise ships must feed thousands of people multiple times a day, and do so with food that's stored on board for the duration of the cruise.

Nearly 200 passengers on board one of Royal Caribbean's cruise ships  contracted a gastrointestinal illness after indulging in the "bottomless brunch" in December 2017.

In regards to the issue, a Royal Caribbean spokesperson said, "We hope all our guests feel better. Meanwhile, we're taking steps like intensive sanitary procedures to minimise the risk of any further issues."

Around 129,678 cruise-ship guests contracted a gastrointestinal illness between the years 2008 to 2014, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .

In the span of eight years, 150 people went overboard on cruises and ferries.

According to a report released for the Cruise Lines International Association in 2016 by G.P. Wild, between 2009 and 2016, an average of approximately 19 people go overboard on cruise ships and ferries each year. Over that period, there were 150 overboard incidents — and the person who went overboard was only rescued in about one fourth of incidents.

Cruise ships are certainly not exempt from crime.

Although cruises are supposed to provide passengers with an escape from reality, crime still occurs at sea.

In 2016 alone, 70 percent of alleged crimes on cruise ships were sexual assaults — there were 62 reported sexual assaults  out of 92 total alleged crimes, NBC News reported.

Pirate attacks aren't just in the movies.

While rare, pirate attacks do happen.

In 2005, a Seabourn Cruise Lines ship that had 150 passengers on board  managed to evade an attack by armed Somali pirates.

In 2009, the Piracy Reporting Center of the International Maritime Bureau claimed that pirates along the coast of Somalia had attacked a whopping 214 vessels that year , which resulted in 47 hijackings. 

According to The Telegraph, in 2017, passengers on the Sea Princess departing from Sydney were subjected to a 10-day dusk-til-dawn blackout to avoid a perceived pirate threat.

Bedbugs and other pests often find their way onboard.

"What was supposed to be a relaxing vacation turned into a nightmare!" Cruise Critic user gordon046 wrote after discovering bedbugs on their cruise in 2016.

Bedbugs aren't always the fault of the cruise line — according to Vance Gulliksen , a spokesperson for Carnival Cruise Lines, bed bugs are often brought onto the a ship through passengers' luggage. 

When cruise ships lose power, it can affect the sewage system.

Power outages on ships can lead to various problems.

The Carnival Triumph cruise ship famously caught fire and subsequently lost power in the Gulf of Mexico in February 2013. For five days, passengers were subjected to raw, rising sewage after the plumbing system collapsed, propelling the media to nickname the debacle " The Poop Cruise ."

The 3,143 passengers aboard the ship reported scarce electricity, water shortages, dwindling food supplies, and "sewage running down the walls and floors." Eventually, the Triumph was towed to Mobile, Alabama.

According to Business Insider , Carnival offered passengers refunds, credits to put toward future cruises, and $500. 

Cruise ships can become hot spots for the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19.

With thousands of people living in close quarters, sharing amenities, and unable to escape the premises, the conditions of a cruise ship can be the perfect environment for the spread of contagious diseases. The CDC's website has a page dedicated to cruise-ship travel to warn prospective passengers of — and help them prepare for — the elevated risk of infection on the vessels.  

One of the first documented COVID-19 outbreaks occurred on a Carnival cruise ship. In February 2020, when little was known about COVID-19, Carnival Cruise's Diamond Princess ship became a vector for the spread of the illness . Ultimately, over 700 of the Diamond Princess' 2,666 passengers tested positive for the virus. 

On February 27, 2020, Princess Cruises put out a statement which detailed its proposed solution to the issue, saying it had hired a medical firm to provide care — including daily health checks, laundry, and meals — for passengers at a quarantine facility in Japan.

When the Centers for Disease Control began tracking the virus in the United States, one of its first reports stated that about 17% of known cases in the US were recent cruise passengers.

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Facts + Statistics: Marine Accidents

In this facts + statistics, global shipping losses by number of vessels, 2013-2022 (1), global shipping losses by number of vessels by region, 2013-2022 (1).

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There were 38 large ships totally lost in 2022, a decline from 59 in 2021, according to latest data from Allianz. Safety & Shipping Review 2023 reports improvements in maritime safety have been significant over the past 10 years.

The region encompassing South China, Indochina, Indonesia and the Philippines had the largest number of shipping losses in 2022 with a total of 10. The region has ranked first in shipping losses over the past decade.

(1) Total losses, vessels over 100 gross tons.

Source: Allianz Commercial, Safety and Shipping Review 2023. Copyright © 2023.

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NA=Data not available.

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Worse things still happen at sea: the shipping disasters we never hear about

Eight missing from a cargo ship that sank in the Pentland Firth, another grounded near Southampton – these local accidents remind us that the ocean is the most dangerous workplace on the planet. So why do 2,000 seafarers die each year, and what can be done to make them safer?

I take poorly to planes. I am a nervous, panicked and unsettled passenger. In the worst moments, I take Valium, and perhaps – inadvisably – a drink, too. I sit in my seat trying not to grip things too obviously, saying my mantra as the plane rocks through turbulence: “Pretend it’s a ship. Pretend it’s a ship.” I tell myself that the air is water, and that ships rock constantly on water, so what’s the difference? Sometimes it works.

I am terrified of planes, but calm on ships. I spent five weeks on a container ship and only felt unsafe when it was in pirate waters. I was on a huge metal object, buoyant on water, operated by the latest technology and highly trained seafarers. I felt safe.

But given the past two weeks, perhaps I need a new mantra. Last year ended badly, with the fire on the ferry Norman Atlantic and at least 13 dead (not including the inevitable stowaways), and this year has already been deadly: the small cement carrier Cemfjord, carrying a cargo of cement, seven Polish crew and one Filipino, sank in the Pentland Firth near Shetland . Its crew are missing. Hoegh Osaka, a car carrier, was stuck for days on a sandbank off Southampton , after its captain and harbour pilot decided to ground the ship when she began listing alarmingly on leaving port. This was unfortunate, but actually good seamanship: it saved the day, and lives, and prevented pollution.

Even so, the public has reacted to this news with surprise, as they did with Costa Concordia . What, ships sink? But they do, and too frequently. Away from the Pentland Firth and the Solent, away from cameras and attention, five other ships have come to calamity in the first two weeks of this year. Sea Merchant, Araevo, Better Trans, Bulk Jupiter and Run Guang 9. Sea Merchant was a general cargo ship that was travelling from Bauan Port to Antique when it sank after its cargo of cement shifted suddenly , tipping the ship to a dangerous degree in heavy swells. Chief engineer Almarito Anciano died. Araevo, a Greek-owned oil tanker, was bombed by the Libyan air force while moored in the eastern Libyan port of Derna for “acting suspiciously” (although it was actually chartered by the local power station). Casualties: two crew, one Greek and one Romanian. General cargo ship Better Trans foundered in heavy weather in the Philippine sea. The Run Guang 9 had an explosion on board off Guangdong; two crew are missing. Worst, in this dismal roll-call: Bulk Jupiter , a bulk carrier travelling from Malaysia to China with a cargo of bauxite, which capsized off Vietnam. Eighteen of the 19-strong crew died.

These sinkings, fires and bombings are reported, but only in the trade press or – when Filipinos are involved, as they often are, since they provide 25% of world crews – in Filipino media . But they are there, if we look, because ships sink and founder and crash. They sink more in the bad weather of winter, whether gales off Shetland or swells and monsoon rain in the South China sea, where most ship casualties occur. In 2013, according to the World Casualty Statistics published by trade publication IHS Maritime, there were 138 “total losses” – that is, when a ship is beyond repair or recovery. According to John Thorogood, a senior analyst at IHS Maritime, 85 of those were sinkings, “in that the vessel actually went at least partially below the sea in a fairly traumatic manner”. On average, two ships a week are lost, one way or another. That doesn’t take into account smaller vessels or fishing craft.

This is the nature of shipping. The ocean is the most dangerous workplace on the planet. Commercial seafaring is considered to be the second-most dangerous occupation in the world; deep-sea fishing is the first. Each year, 2,000 seafarers lose their lives. The troubles of Cemfjord and Hoegh Osaka were only unusual because of where they happened, which is near enough to the UK mainland to be noticed by the mainstream press.

Cruise ships and passenger ferries attract more attention, because we know them better. They are often our only encounter with the sea as a place of industry: usually the ocean, and the people who work on it, transporting 90% of world trade, is nothing more than some blue on an inflight airline map, to be flown over, hopefully. Commercial shipping is more removed from us now than at any time in history. Ports have been moved out of cities to cope with bigger ships; seafarers are no longer British, western European or American, but Filipino, Polish, Romanian and Indian, as were those who died in the January calamities. That’s just the way globalisation labour pools work.

Even so, shipping is safer than it has ever been. The number of total losses per year has been falling for decades. There are, the International Maritime Organisation calculates, more than 85,000 working vessels (of over 100 gross tonnage) on the seas, so the loss of fewer than 200 is just an inevitable toll of working at sea. It is safer, and it is cleaner, too. Between 1972 and 1981, there were 223 major oil spills. Over the last decade, there were 63.

“Despite last month being a difficult one for the shipping industry,” says Thorogood, “I would say it is more a statistical blip than an indication that safety standards are slipping or any other such inferences.”

Plenty would disagree with him, though, including me. Glen Forbes, who runs the maritime intelligence agency Oceanus Live , suggested the following list of systemic troubles: “Seafarers’ safety and security is compromised by poor safety standards, old and decrepit vessels, unscrupulous owners, blacklisted flag registries, and even near-slavery on fishing vessels.” That’s without endemic piracy, or ghost ships: rust buckets usually sold for scrap value that are instead turned into migrant vessels for desperate Syrians, Eritreans and other people spat out of their country by war or desperation, then abandoned by the minimal crews to drift and be rescued – hopefully – by the nearest coastguard. This is a deliberate tactic that relies on the requirement laid out in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) document , part of a raft of laws governing the high seas, whereby seafarers are expected to attend to anyone or any vessel in distress on the seas.

And they do: in every accident report, whether a sinking ship, a distressed ferry or a daft yachter, there is usually a merchant vessel coming to its rescue, even now that crews are under enormous pressure to stick to schedules and routes because of the pressure of just-in-time globalisation. Shipping, and containerisation, has given us our cheap T-shirts and our televisions, but at a cost. Even the biggest ships now operate with crews as small as 13. The shortfall is supposed to be taken up by automation, which is one worry. “So many experienced professionals,” wrote former Lloyd’s List editor Michael Grey recently, “have expressed their concern about overreliance on these clever machines, and a generation of computer-savvy officers who fail to look out of the window at the crucial moment.”

A greater problem is fatigue: working seafarers tell me they are routinely knackered because there are no longer enough crew on board. “Safe manning” certificates are part of the oceans of documents that modern ships and masters must carry on board, but Branko Berlan of the International Transport Workers Federation thinks this inadequate. The size of modern crews, he says, “is not about safety, but about commercial pressures”. Crew wages are the easiest thing to cut.

I don’t know why Cemfjord sank. Maybe the crew was exhausted. Maybe the dry cement powder shifted too quickly. Maybe it was a straightforward swamping by atrocious waves. But 60% of ship accidents are due to errors made by what the industry curiously calls “the human element”, and much of that is due to fatigue. As for Hoegh Osaka, the senior national secretary of Nautilus, the UK seafarers’ union , told the BBC that “vehicle and livestock carriers are built to the edge of safety for commercial reasons”. Built to maximise cargo capacity, they go against good naval architecture principles, say critics, and can lose stability far too easily.

Because the Cemfjord and Hoegh Osaka events happened in or near UK waters, I won’t have to wait too long for answers, as they will be immediately investigated by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch. That is often not the case, because of how shipping works. Nearly 70% of the global fleet now flies a flag that often has nothing to do with the ship, the route, the crew or the owner. Open registries, or flags of convenience, allow owners to pay fees to a foreign state, fly its flags and then be governed by the laws of that state while on the high seas. (I’m baffled by cruise passengers who carefully check where they can store their valuables but never check the flag their ship is flying, even though that flag would be responsible for investigating anything that goes wrong.)

Investigations are up to the flag state, and there is no higher authority to push them into publishing accident reports. There are many good flags who do this promptly. Then there are others. I don’t even mean the dreadful ones such as Tanzania, North Korea or Mongolia, increasingly found flying on the migrant ghost ships. What of Danny FII, a livestock carrier flying the flag of Panama, the largest ship registry in the world? In 2009, it sank off Lebanon with its crew of 76, six passengers, 17,932 cattle and 10,224 sheep. The captain, a Scot named John Milloy, went down with his ship; 11 other crew were definitely lost, and 32 crew are still unaccounted for. I was intrigued by it, especially after discovering a forum on a site named Uglyships that, in a quirk of modern technology, had become the most popular meeting place for relatives and former crew.

Why did Uglyships become a meeting place for grieving and desperate relatives? Because, like many other relatives of crew who sailed on Danny FII, they had been given no answers. Compare this to a plane crash, when resources and attention rush to the crash site. Of course, that’s because planes carry people, and more than cargo ships. (Cargo plane crashes rarely get such assiduous attention.) It’s because planes are how we travel now.

A few days after Danny FII sank, Ethiopian Airlines flight ET409 crashed into the same sea. Everyone on board was killed. International aviation rules require accident investigation authorities to make an accident report publicly available “as soon as possible and, if possible, within 12 months”. Posting on the internet is acceptable. I tested these guidelines: the accident report into ET409, although it is disputed by Ethiopian Airlines, was published by the Lebanese authorities in January 2012. It is easily available online to anyone who cares to read it [pdf download here] . But the relatives of those aboard Danny FII had to wait six years for Panama to first file the report with the IMO, and then another several months for it to be made public (and only after sustained pressure from seafarers’ unions and the British government). No wonder the International Chamber of Shipping last year suggested that shipping could learn something from aviation authorities, and expressed a need to stop flag states interpreting the IMO guidelines “with considerable latitude”.

Why do accident reports matter? Because although ships will continue to sink – the ocean will continue to defeat some of them – the toll of loss should not be increased by the pressures of commerce, by seafarers exhausted by their job or by old, corroded ships. Port inspections had found 29 deficiencies in Danny FII in 2009 alone, including widespread corrosion, but she was classed as safe. Shipping is a vast, complicated and wonderful industry without which modern life would be unthinkable and unthinkably different. It can do better.

So, I’m going to keep my flying mantra, although I know it’s skewed risk perception. I know I’m more likely to be killed behind the steering wheel of my car than in a plane or a ship. I’ll learn to steer my perceptions in another direction, like the young British radio officer, sitting in a lifeboat after the ship he was on was torpedoed in 1942, who asked a Dutch crewman how far the nearest land was. “Two miles away,” said the man. “Straight down.”

Rose George is the author of Deep Sea and Foreign Going: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry That Brings You 90% of Everything, published by Portobello. Buy it for £11.99 at bookshop.theguardian.com

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Cruise industry in the United States - statistics & facts

Has the u.s. cruise industry recovered from the impact of covid-19, what are the leading u.s. cruise companies, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Revenue of the cruises industry in the U.S. 2019-2028

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• Premium Statistic Number of global ocean cruise passengers 2009-2027
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Main global cruise destinations 2019-2023, by number of passengers

Leading ocean cruise destinations worldwide from 2019 to 2023, by number of passengers (in 1,000s)

Revenue of the cruises market in the United States from 2019 to 2028 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Revenue growth of the cruises market in the United States from 2019 to 2028

Direct economic impact of the cruise industry in the U.S. 2021, by spending type

Direct economic impact of the cruise industry in the United States in 2021, by type of spending (in billion U.S. dollars)

Cruise line operator industry's market size in the U.S. 2012-2022

Market size of the cruise line operator industry in the United States from 2012 to 2021, with a forecast for 2022 ( in million U.S. dollars)

Businesses in the cruise line operator industry in the U.S. 2012-2022

Number of businesses in the cruise line operator industry in the United States from 2012 to 2021, with a forecast for 2022

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Cruise passengers

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Number of cruise passengers from North America 2016-2022

Number of cruise passengers sourced from North America from 2016 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Number of cruise passengers sourced from the United States from 2016 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Growth rate of the cruise passenger volume from the U.S. 2017-2022

Year-over-year percentage change in the number of cruise passengers sourced from the United States from 2017 to 2022

Busiest cruise ports worldwide 2019-2022, by passenger movements

Busiest cruise ports worldwide in 2019 and 2022, by number of passenger movements (in 1,000s)

Share of U.S. travelers planning a cruise trip October 2021-June 2023

Share of travelers intending to take a cruise trip in the next 12 months in the United States from October 2021 to June 2023

Cruise companies

• Premium Statistic Revenue of Carnival Corporation & plc worldwide 2008-2023
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Revenue of Carnival Corporation & plc worldwide 2008-2023

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Net income of Carnival Corporation & plc worldwide from 2008 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Revenue of Royal Caribbean Cruises worldwide 1988-2023

Revenue of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. worldwide from 1988 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Net income of Royal Caribbean Cruises worldwide 2007-2023

Net income of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. worldwide from 2007 to 2023 (in million U.S. dollars)

Revenue of Norwegian Cruise Line worldwide 2011-2023

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Net income of Norwegian Cruise Line worldwide 2011-2023

Net Income of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. worldwide from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. dollars)

Percentage change in revenue of leading cruise companies worldwide 2020-2023

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Consumer opinions

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Best-rated large-ship cruise lines by travelers worldwide as of June 2023

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Best-rated midsize-ship cruise lines by travelers worldwide as of June 2023

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Cruise Ship Facts That Are Rarely Talked About

Posted: December 14, 2023 | Last updated: December 14, 2023

A Morgue Lurks Within Every Cruise Ship

Cruises are supposed to be about letting loose and having fun but there is often a dark side to cruises that passengers don't really see. Because a large portion of cruise goers usually tend to be older it's actually not uncommon for people to pass away while on ship.

One former crew estimated that around three people pass away every month on a cruise. Due to this, all cruise ships are required to have a morgue on board and usually has room for around three to six bodies.

It Might Sound Creepy but Crew Members Keep Record of Everything That Guests Do

The requirement that crew members be as hospitable and nice as possible to passengers, they don't usually get a chance to say everything they'd like to say. For this reason, cruise ships keep a log where they write down everything that happens while on a trip. These logs keep everything from something as big as a fire or injury to something as minimal as a comment a guest made.

It sounds weird but all of that information helps an incoming crew best prepare and spot potential hazards and how to manage them best. This log can also be used as a venting outlet for crew.

The Eerie Hidden Pools of Cruise Ships

If you have ever seen pictures from a cruise you will have noted that the pools are often the most crowded areas on the ship. Even though the ship is floating on water, people just gravitate toward the pools anyway. It turns out that most cruise ships have "secret" pools reserved for their staff only. Because these pools are dedicated to staff they are often much less crowded.

Guests can however be invited and of course, a guest would have to make quite the impression on the crew in order to be invited to the secret pool. The invite is actually harder to secure than you would think, considering some of the rules on board.

The Crew Speaks in Code to Keep Guests in the Dark

Passenger safety on board is paramount and maintaining that safety is not an easy task. Crew are sometimes forced to speak in code, so they don't incite panic while still being able to act quickly during an emergency. Some of these codes are used for dealing with medical emergencies, reacting to a fire, or responding if someone falls overboard. If you ever wondered about what code word is usually used for someone falling overboard, then it's "oscar."

This really makes a lot of sense since the last thing you really want is to terrify your passengers or cause a panic making it harder to do your job.

Gambling Rules on Board Aren't as Legal as You Think

Many cruise ships have casinos on board, and since most of the time you are traveling through international waters, it's completely legal. This also means that the cruise ship isn't necessarily subject to a single area's laws concerning gambling. The rules onboard will occasionally change depending on whatever country is closest.

Cruise ships might switch up the number of decks they use for blackjack, etc. and your odds of winning can change dramatically depending on where you are. Just be aware that the rules governing their games aren't set in stone, and can change.

Even Cruise Ships Are Vulnerable to Mysterious Accidents

The buck stops with the Captain at all times while on board which is a fantastic system when it works, and it typically does. It makes sense that one person with experience should calling the shots during an emergency. The last thing you would want is two or more people wasting time arguing over a decision in a crisis. That being said, even captains make mistakes, and sometimes those mistakes can be disastrous for a ship or its passengers.

It's not often that it happens which is why when it does it usually makes headlines. A few cruise ships have even been sunk due to a captain's decisions.

Sometimes Passengers Go Missing at Sea

Strange things happen while at sea, and one of those things is when people go missing. It sounds weird but people really do go missing on ships. Approximately 165 people reportedly went missing while on a cruise from 1995 to 2011.

There is speculation that the number is possibly higher. This is separate from passengers that fall overboard. We're talking about people who have just disappeared without a trace and were never seen again.

"I'm the Captain Now" - There's a Risk of Pirates Coming Onboard

On occasion you will hear about pirates taking over cargo ships or something like that but you don't often hear about cruise ships being boarded. Still, it does happen, and because of that the crew is trained for it.

In 2005 a cruise ship was targeted, and the crew used some kind of acoustic weapon to assault the pirates' eardrums. The attack was thwarted, and everyone on board went about enjoying their vacations.

No Fraternization With Guests

Where there are often hookups between crew members, they are strictly forbidden to fraternize with passengers while on board. This rule is mainly in place to protect the crew from being accused of anything inappropriate but it is also to protect the cruise company from being sued by a passenger.

The cruise company will have a much easier time cleaning up in-house than it would feilding a public lawsuit with a passenger.

You're Under Arrest

You have surely heard of the brig before but did you know there is one on a cruise ship and you don't have to be military to be thrown in it. It's a sort of jail cell on a ship, and it's reserved for passengers that break the law' get a bit too rowdy or in any way threaten the safety of other passengers or crew.

There is no judge or jury on a ship so if you're thrown in the brig, you'll most likely spend the rest of your vacation there or until the ship makes port and can offload you to the authorities. Sometimes this leaves you in a different country than the one you sailed from.

Rescuing Passengers Who Went Overboard Is Complicated

It's never good when someone goes overboard but on a cruise ship it can be especially complicated to initiate a rescue. If a passenger goes overboard during a cruise, you may see crew members throwing stuff over the side in order to mark where they are in the water.

There aren't any landmarks in the ocean, meaning your brain doesn't have anything to refer to when trying to locate an overboard passenger from the top of a very high cruise ship.

Crew Members Are Drinking All Day on Cruises

If you have ever noticed your crew is especially happy or chatty it may be because they have had a couple of drinks themselves. Crew members get great discounts on alcohol and although most cruise lines say they randomly test their employees to ensure that they're not drinking while on the job, they still manage to sneak a few drinks here and there.

According to former crew members, it happens more than from time to time. Some former crew members have also come out and said that drinking among crew members is much more common than some cruise companies would have their passengers believe.

Disease Outbreaks Are More Common Than You Think

We all heard about outbreaks onboard cruise ships curing the 2020 pandemic. They got big news coverage as essentially floating petri dishes. Due to thousands of people situated together in a tight space the outbreaks seem to spread faster.

Even before the pandemic there were plenty of outbreaks. For example in 2014, around eight cruise ships and many of their passengers were hit with the norovirus. As a result there have been strict procedures and rules to limit the spread of sickness during an outbreak but the risk is always going to be there.

Crew Members Are Mostly From Outside of the USA

There are a lot of reasons that cruise lines don't tend to hire American workers and one of the reasons is that Americans wouldn't put up with the long hours required on a cruise ship. The typical work week in America is around 40 hours, compared to the sometimes 100-hour long work week on a cruise ship.

Together with different and less generous overtime rules as well as lower pay, it's not hard to see why there aren't as many Americans in the cruise industry.

Medical Care Can Be Spotty

Cruise ships aren't really required to operate to the same standards as other companies located on land in the U.S. and because of that the medical care available to passengers can sometimes be hit or miss.

It's common for cruise ships to hire doctors from countries with lower medical standards than in the U.S. and also have the facilities on board a cruise ship to be not quite as great as you'd find on land. Together with the fact that doctors on cruise ships basically can't be sued for malpractice, it leaves something lacking in the care like on a lot of cruise ships.

Where Does All The Waste Go?

Where does all the human waste go when you're on a ship and out at the ocean? It goes exactly where you might expect it to go, in the ocean. Cruise ships simply dump waste when they are around 12 miles from shore. They are required to treat it first but it still isn't great for the environment and it's quite gross.

Not all countries have the same laws either and this means that sometimes cruise ships will discharge waste when they're closer to shore in a country with more lax laws like recently when Canadians complained about U.S. cruise ships dumping near British Columbia.

Tight Quarters for the Crew

It goes without saying that rooms for crew members are much different than the rooms for guests on cruise ships. Crew quarters are very cramped in comparison and for the most part rooms are shared by multiple crew members.

That being said, crew members do have their own break areas and even have crew-only events, classes, and a pool for staff only. On the downside they don't really get to enjoy all of that stuff very often because they work such long hours.

Cruise Ships Wait For No One

You would think there would be some kind of system making sure every guest is accounted for when they cruise pulls away from port but there isn't. The cruise is not going to wait at port for a couple of passengers who failed to get back in time. If you're late getting back to the ship there is a good chance you will be watching from shore as your ship sails away.

That's why it's important that you always remember to get back to the ship well before it's scheduled departure. It's also a good idea to carry your documents and passport with you just in case you're left behind in a foreign country.

Preparing the Kitchen Is Done With Military Precision

To keep things running smoothly while feeding thousands of guests, it's no surprise that most cruise ship kitchens run their operations with military-like precision. With that many mouths to feed they have to ensure that they have enough food on board for everyone and stay within a budget working hard to eliminate waste.

Some kitchens are so precise that they can predict consumption down to a margin of two meals for a week. Sometimes crews even change up how much they order based on the nationality of their guests. For example, a ship with many Americans might order more ketchup than one with a majority of other nationalities.

Hiding Drinks Isn't Easy

Alcohol is always the most expensive part of any trip for good reason. There are really good margins for alcohol sales so it makes sense that there would be strict rules regarding their biggest money maker. Cruise lines force you to use the bars on the ship and for this reason, people have figured out how to smuggle their own booze onto cruises.

For these reasons guests get really inventive with the way they smuggle on alcohol. One way of sneaking alcohol on board a cruise ship involves filling a plastic bladder with booze in an effort to evade x-ray detection. People have also resorted to filling mouthwash bottles with alcohol and adding food coloring to dye them a specific color.

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Juneau had a record-breaking cruise season last year. This year should be about the same.

Juneau’s 2024 cruise ship tourism season is just around the corner as the  first ship of the year  — the Norwegian Bliss — is slated to arrive early Tuesday morning.

Last year, the capital city saw its busiest season ever — welcoming more than 1.6 million passengers. On the busiest days, Juneau welcomed upwards of 21,000 cruise visitors. 

Juneau Tourism Manager Alix Pierce said this year likely won’t top last year’s record-breaking season. She expects to see about the same number of visitors.

“I think it will run a lot more smoothly, and things will be better,” she said. “Generally, our tour operators know what to expect. They know what kind of volume to expect, and they’re gearing up and getting ready.”

In a survey conducted last fall, about 64% of Juneau residents said they wanted to keep the local tourism volume about the same or reduce it slightly. 

But some major problems did crop up during 2023’s record season — things like heavy  downtown congestion , the Mendenhall Glacier reaching  its tour capacity  and business owners saying it was just hard to keep up.

One big change this year for controlling the traffic will be a new limit of  five large ships  per day. 

During a tourism panel on Thursday, Cruise Lines International Association Alaska spokesperson Renee Reeve said that agreement with the city will be key to flattening growth in the coming years.

“I think what that shows is industry’s commitment and CBJs commitment to making this place somewhere that visitors want to visit, and somewhere that the residents want to live,” she said.

A limit on the number of ships does not necessarily mean fewer passengers. But an even bigger change could be coming in 2026. Pierce said the city is in the early stages of negotiating with cruise lines to limit the number of passengers that come off their ships each day. 

“The best thing that we can come up with are daily passenger caps to keep our numbers relatively flat or decrease a little bit,” she said. “I’m looking forward to seeing some of these things come to fruition, and then seeing how it feels in terms of passenger volume, and numbers and what that means for us as a destination.”

Last season, cruise ship passengers spent a total of $320 million in Juneau, according to a  report that came out last fall.  To support that business, it’s estimated that more than 3,000 people in Juneau worked jobs that were directly related to tourism. 

Local tour operators faced a tough situation after they sold out on  bus trips to the Mendenhall Glacier  halfway through the season, which meant more tourists stayed downtown.

This year, the city plans to send extra buses to follow the city buses that carry people out to the glacier to handle the overflow. Pierce said local operators are also trying to balance their permits over the season to reduce congestion on buses and downtown.

“They’re offering more city tours that go to other sites where you can see the glacier from elsewhere. So they’re trying to pick up that volume in different ways,” she said.

In April, about one-to-three ships will port in Juneau per week before ramping up to three-to-five ships per day by the latter half of May. Ships will continue to port in Juneau nearly every day before winding down in late October. 

And as tourism kicks up for the summer, residents can send in complaints and concerns to the city’s  tourism hotline.

Clarise Larson, KTOO - Juneau

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