australia tourist arrival requirements

Entering or leaving Australia

Australia welcomes millions of overseas visitors each year. Anyone who is not an Australian citizen needs a valid visa to enter the country.

International passenger caps have been removed for all international passenger arrivals into Australia.

All travellers should be aware that: People entering Australia do not need to provide evidence of vaccination status People entering Australia do not need to complete the Digital Passenger Declaration or Maritime Travel Declaration People leaving Australia will not be asked to provide evidence of their vaccination status Unvaccinated visa holders do not ​ need a travel exemption to travel to Australia Mask wearing on international flights to Australia is no longer mandatory . It is important to remember that airlines, vessel operators and other countries may have specific requirements that travellers need to comply with.

Australian Citizens

All Australian citizens must enter and exit Australia on an Australian passport. Your Australian passport must be valid (not expired) on the day of your arrival in Australia. It does not need to have six months remaining validity to enter Australia unless you are passing through a third country that requires it. Citizens are not entitled to a visa, even if you are also a citizen of another country. Please see the  Department of Home Affairs website  for more information. 

Immigration and Visas

All foreign travellers, except New Zealand citizens, must obtain a visa or travel authority before travelling to Australia.

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If you have a specific question, please contact the Department of Home Affairs .

You will also need to know what you can and cannot bring into Australia, knowing the duty-free concession limits and what to experience when travelling through Australian airports and seaports.

Please visit the Department of Home Affairs website for more information.

Plan your trip with  australia.com , the official Tourism Australia website, offering a wide range of travel information and planning tools including over 2000 images, a currency converter, daily weather updates, interactive maps, suggested holiday itineraries, holiday deals, specialist travel agents and more. Available in nine languages.

Tourist Refund Scheme

The  Tourist Refund Scheme  enables you to claim a refund, subject to certain conditions, of the goods and services tax (GST) and wine equalisation tax (WET) that you pay on goods you buy in Australia.

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Australian Visa and Entry Requirements FAQs

Learn about visa requirements for entry to Australia for tourism purposes with this list of frequently asked questions. 

Please note this page is intended to provide general information only and does not constitute legal advice. Tourism Australia is not the Australian government visa granting authority. For information on visas to enter Australia, visitors should seek the most up-to-date information from Australian Government Department of Home Affairs .*

Ready to plan your trip? We're ready to welcome you! Here are some helpful tips for getting your visa sorted: 

• Be sure to secure the appropriate visa before travelling to Australia. Use the Visa Finder to explore your options.
• Ensure all details are correct and provide all required documents when you apply. An incomplete or incorrect application can delay your visa.
• Submitting multiple applications at the same time can slow the process. For visitor visas, submit one application per person, including children. 
• Questions? The Australian Government's Global Service Centre can help.

Australian Visa Information

Unless you are an Australian citizen, you will need a valid Australian visa to enter the country. New Zealand passport holders can apply for a visa upon arrival in the country. All other passport holders, regardless of age, must apply for a visa before leaving home. You can apply for a range of Australian visa types, including tourist visas and working holiday visas, via the ETA app or on the  Department of Home Affairs website.

There are different Australian visa types available for travellers to Australia. Knowing which Australian visa to apply for depends on the length of your stay, your passport and the purpose of your visit. You’ll also need to meet certain financial and medical requirements, be outside of Australia when applying and maintain health insurance for the duration of your stay. 

Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) This visa allows you to visit Australia as many times as you want, for up to a year, and stay for three months each visit. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of countries and regions, who live outside Australia. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is  here .

All ETA-eligible passport holders must apply for an ETA using the Australian ETA app. Agents can assist you in the application process, but you must be physically present as a live facial image is required.

eVisitor  (subclass 651) This is a free visa for multiple visits to Australia for tourism or business purposes for up to three months at a time within a 12-month period. This visa is available to passport holders from a number of European countries and it cannot be extended.

Visitor visa  (subclass 600) The Visitor visa allows you to visit Australia, either for tourism or business purposes. It is open to all nationalities. Generally, a period of stay of up to three months is granted, but up to 12 months may be granted in certain circumstances. Applicants will have to pay a fee to submit their application.

The application process may differ depending on which visa you need.

You can only apply for the  Electronic Travel Authority visa  (subclass 601) through the Australian ETA app. A step-by-step guide on how to apply is located  here .

For other visas, you can apply online by creating an ImmiAccount and completing the application process. Be sure to submit your application well in advance of your travel date to allow enough time for processing. You may be asked to provide further supporting information. You will be notified in writing if your tourist visa is approved and it will be digitally linked to your passport. For more information on different visa types, and Australian visa requirements including how to apply for an Australian visa, visit the  Department of Home Affairs  website.

If you are already in Australia and hold a valid Electronic Travel Authority visa (subclass 601) you can extend your stay by applying for another visa, such as a Visitor visa (subclass 600). An eVisitor (subclass 651) cannot be extended.

See the Department of Home Affairs website for details.

Working Holiday Visas

Australia's Working Holiday Maker program allows visitors aged under 30 (or 35 in certain cases) who hold a passport from a participating country to travel and work in Australia. Working holiday visas are valid for one year, or up to three years if you meet certain conditions.

Find out more about working holiday visas here .

*Australian visa regulations (including visa application charges) change from time to time. The information provided here is valid at the time of publication, but visitors should check this information is still current by visiting the Australian Department of Home Affairs .

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COVID-19 and the border

Updates to Australia's immigration and border arrangements during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic.

​​​Latest updates

From 12:01am on Saturday 11 March 2023, people travelling to Australia from China, including Hong Kong and Macau, will not be required to show evidence of a negative pre-departure test for COVID-19. For more information see Entering and leaving Australia .

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Australia's borders are open for tourism. Here's who can travel, and when

Australia's tourism industry is rejoicing at the news that tourists will soon be allowed into the country after almost two years of border restrictions.

The changes will also allow people to reunite with loved ones who were unable to get a visa under previous entry requirements.

However, strict COVID-19 rules will still apply.

Click on a link below to jump to the question:

When can tourists come to Australia?

• Is Western Australia open to tourists?

Do tourists need a COVID-19 vaccine to travel to Australia?

Can unvaccinated people travel to australia.

• What COVID-19 vaccines do Australia recognise?

Can unvaccinated children enter Australia?

Do tourists need to prove a negative covid test, are cruise ships allowed.

All fully vaccinated visa holders, including tourists, will be allowed to travel to Australia without an exemption from February 21 .

International arrivals will be subject to arrival caps  and the quarantine requirements of each state or territory.

Australian citizens, permanent residents, their family members and some vaccinated visa holders are already allowed to travel to Australia.

Is Western Australia open to tourists?

WA is open to travellers who arrive from overseas, however, from February 9, the state's limit on international arrivals will be capped at 530 people per week.

International arrivals to WA must complete a G2G Pass declaration, undergo quarantine and COVID testing.

All international arrivals to Australia — including tourists — are required to be fully vaccinated unless they have proof of medical exemption.

The federal government defines fully vaccinated as two doses, for most vaccine brands , and does not require international arrivals to have a booster shot.

However, the Victorian government has flagged it may require international arrivals to have had two doses and a booster.

Other states and territories may follow suit if the government's vaccine advisory body ATAGI changes the definition of "fully vaccinated" to mean three doses.

In announcing the border reopening, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said people would not need three doses of a COVID vaccine to be considered fully vaccinated.

"It will be two [doses]. There are various arguments around the world for three doses. Two doses is what the Chief Medical Officer says is sufficient," Mr Morrison said on February 7.

Unvaccinated travellers will need to provide proof that there is a medical reason that they cannot be vaccinated in order to travel to Australia.

They must also apply for a travel exemption to come to Australia.

If they are granted permission to travel, they must  undergo mandatory hotel quarantine upon arrival.

What COVID-19 vaccines does Australia recognise?

International travellers to Australia are considered fully vaccinated if they have received COVID-19 vaccines recognised by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).

That includes receiving two doses ( mixed doses are accepted ) of:

• AstraZeneca Vaxzevria
• AstraZeneca Covishield
• Pfizer/Biontech Comirnaty
• Moderna Spikevax or Takeda
• Sinovac Coronavac
• Bharat Biotech Covaxin
• Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV (for people under 60 years of age on arrival in Australia)
• Gamaleya Research Institute Sputnik V
• Novavax/Biocelect Nuvaxovid

Or one dose of:

• Johnson & Johnson/Janssen-Cilag

The final dose required to be fully vaccinated must have been received at least seven days before travelling to Australia.

Travellers must show airline staff their International COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate (ICVC) or a foreign vaccination certificate.

Children under 12 do not need to be vaccinated to travel to Australia.

However, if the child is travelling with an unvaccinated adult family member, the entire family group will be subject to arrival caps and have to undergo mandatory hotel quarantine.

Some state and territories allow for unvaccinated or partially vaccinated children aged 12 to 17 to travel with a fully vaccinated adult.

When checking in for their flight to Australia, international travellers must present either:

• A negative PCR test taken within three days of departure
• A negative Nucleic Acid Amplification Test taken within three days of departure
• A medical certificate as evidence of a negative RAT taken under medical supervision within 24 hours of departure

There is currently a ban on international cruise ships in Australia.

The ban came into effect in March 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

It has been extended until mid-February 2022 due to the fast-spreading Omicron variant.

The cruise industry says ships may not return to Australian waters until April or May this year.

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COVID-19 information for international arrivals

If you are arriving in NSW from overseas, follow this advice to protect yourself and people around you from COVID-19.

Last updated: 22 June 2023

Who is this information for?

This information applies to anyone who arrives in NSW from a country outside Australia in the last 14 days. This includes if you:

• have come to Australia on a flight from an overseas country
• have arrived on a vessel (e.g. cruise ship) that has travelled to an international port.

What should I do before I travel to NSW?

If you are travelling to Australia, see   entering and leaving Australia for more information.

What should I do when I arrive in NSW?

It is not mandatory to have a COVID-19 test after arriving in NSW if you have travelled overseas.

Masks are not mandatory in airports, cruise terminals or on public transport in NSW.

However, it is important to remember that travelling and interacting closely with people can put you at increased risk of COVID-19. NSW Health recommends people wear masks where they cannot physically distance from others, in crowded, indoor places, and in settings where there are people who at high risk of severe illness.

You are at risk of testing positive to COVID-19 for up to 14 days after being exposed to someone with the virus. Most people will test positive in the first 7 days. This is why it is important to be careful to protect the people around you, especially those who are at higher risk of severe illness, during this time.

To protect your loved ones and everyone around you, it is recommended that you monitor closely for symptoms of COVID-19 after arrival. If you develop symptoms, get tested for COVID-19 and stay home until your symptoms have resolved, even if you receive a negative result. 

Please see What COVID-19 test should I do?

How else can I help slow the spread of COVID-19 while I am in NSW?

If you have been exposed to COVID-19, follow the Advice for people exposed to COVID-19  to help stop the spread.  

We can help protect each other from COVID-19. Find out more on  Together we can stay COVID safe .

What if I test positive to COVID-19 in NSW?

If you test positive to COVID-19, follow the advice in Testing positive to COVID-19 and managing COVID-19 safely at home .

Stay home until your symptoms resolve, and don't visit people at high risk of severe illness, or anyone in high-risk settings, such as hospitals, aged or disability care facilities for at least 7 days.

If you have to leave the house wear a mask when indoors and on public transport, avoid large gatherings and crowded, indoor places.

Entering NSW from interstate

There are no restrictions on interstate travel to NSW but we can practise safe behaviours to help protect each other from COVID-19, please read Stay COVID safe .

Workers and businesses should check the advice on  Keeping workers Safe  beforehand if travelling for work.

Travelling to another state or territory

Check the state government website for your destination before you travel, as states can change COVID-19 advice or restrictions if the COVID-19 situation changes:

• Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
• Northern Territory
• South Australia
• Western Australia

Travel to remote Aboriginal towns and communities

People travelling to rural and remote Aboriginal communities should read  COVID-19 information for Aboriginal communities  for advice on how to stay safe from COVID-19 and flu.

Related information

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• NSW Health – COVID-19 (Coronavirus)
• Testing positive to COVID-19 and managing COVID-19 safely at home
• Advice for people exposed to COVID-19
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Ministers Department of Health and Aged Care

Changes to requirements for international arrivals

From 12.01am 6 July people will be able to travel to and from Australia without being required to declare their COVID-19 vaccination status.

The Hon Mark Butler MP Minister for Health and Aged Care

From 12.01am 6 July people will be able to travel to and from Australia without being required to declare their COVID-19 vaccination status.  

The decision to amend the Biosecurity Act 2015 to remove these requirements was based on the advice of the Chief Medical Officer.

Travellers must still comply with any remaining COVID-19 requirements of airlines and shipping operators, as well as other countries and states and territories. 

This currently includes wearing masks on inbound international flights. State and territory orders mandating masks on domestic flights also remain in place.

 Quotes attributable to Minister Butler:   

“The Australian Government makes decisions on COVID related issues after considering the latest medical advice.

“The Chief Medical Officer has advised it is no longer necessary for travellers to declare their vaccine status as part of our management of COVID.

“Unvaccinated Australians, as well as certain groups of visa holders, have been able to travel to Australia for some time.

“We will continue to act on the medical advice as needed.” 

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Visas to visit Australia

Whether you are visiting Australia for less than 72 hours or planning on a stay of several years you must have a valid Australian visa.

A visa is a form of permission for a non-citizen to enter, transit or remain in a particular country.

Information on visas to Australia can be found at the Department of Home Affairs .

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Travel Advisory September 8, 2023

Australia - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with removal of major event information.

Exercise normal precautions in Australia. 

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Australia.

If you decide to travel to Australia:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
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• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

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U.S. Embassy Canberra (The Embassy does not provide consular services.) Moonah Place Yarralumla, ACT 2600 Australia Telephone: +(61) (2) 6214-5600 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(61) (2) 411-424-608 Fax: +(61) (2) 6214-5970

U.S. Consulate General Melbourne 553 St. Kilda Road Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia Telephone: +(61) (3) 9526-5900 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(61) (3) 9389-3601 Fax: +(61) (3) 9526-5968 Email:   [email protected]

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Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

You must have a valid U.S. passport and a visa or an approved Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) to enter Australia. Most U.S. passport holders traveling to Australia for tourism or business purposes for less than 90 days can obtain an ETA. The ETA is an electronic label-free visa and can be obtained at the ETA website for a small service fee. Airlines and many travel agents in the United States are also able to apply for ETAs on behalf of travelers.

If you overstay your ETA or any other visa, even for short periods, you may be subject to exclusion, detention, and removal by the Australian Department of Home Affairs.

If you are travelling on a valid U.S. ePassport (a passport that contains an electronic chip) and are 16 years of age or older, you are eligible to use Australia’s automated border processing system, SmartGate, upon arrival in Australia (SmartGate kiosks are available only at participating airports). There is no additional enrollment process or fee to use SmartGate. Visit the SmartGate website for more information and for a list of participating airports in Australia.

Visit the Embassy of Australia website for the most current visa information.  

HIV/AIDS restrictions. Some HIV/AIDS entry restrictions exist for visitors and foreigners seeking permanent residence in Australia. Depending on the type of visa you apply for, the length of your stay, and your intended activities in Australia, you may be required to undergo a medical examination before the Australian Department of Home Affairs will issue you a visa.

If you are in the application process, and are found to be HIV positive, a decision on the application will be considered on the same grounds as any other pre-existing medical condition (such as tuberculosis or cancer), with the focus on the cost to Australia’s health care and community services.

Additional information about Australian immigration health requirements can be found here.

Please verify this information with the Embassy of Australia in Washington D.C. before you travel. 

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

Terrorism: Terrorists have targeted, and could continue to target, Australia.

• Australia has an alert system for possible terrorist attacks. The threat levels range from “not expected” to “certain.” The Australian National Security website has up-to-date information regarding the current terrorism threat level. You may also contact the Australian National Security Hotline at 61-1-800-123-400.
• U.S. citizens in Australia should remain vigilant toward their personal security and exercise caution.
• Australian law protects the right of individuals and groups to engage in peaceful protest and to publicly express their views. Demonstrations and political rallies are generally approved by local authorities and well publicized. However, please be cautious of any possible confrontation that could escalate into violence. You should attempt to avoid the areas of demonstrations and be careful within the vicinity of any demonstrations. You should stay current with media coverage of local events and always be aware of your surroundings.
• You should be aware that robberies, burglaries, assault, and auto theft are common in Australia’s larger cities.
• Foreign visitors in popular tourist areas are targets for pickpockets, purse-snatchers, and petty thieves. Most petty crime can be avoided if basic security precautions are taken.
• Be careful when visiting bars or clubs in the entertainment areas of major cities, as “bar brawls” and other assaults sometimes occur. You should watch out for drink spiking when consuming alcohol with unfamiliar people.

See the Department of State and the FBI pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime:

• Report crimes to the local police at 000 and contact the U.S. Consulate in your district.
• The local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.
• See our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police.
• Help you find appropriate medical care.
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.
• Explain the local criminal justice process in general terms.
• Provide a list of local attorneys.
• Provide information on victim’s compensation programs in the U.S.
• Provide information about Australian Victim Assistance programs.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution.
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home.
• Replace a stolen or lost passport.

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the U.S. consulate in your district for assistance.

Tourism: The tourism industry is generally regulated, and rules and safety inspections are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage, and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to stabilize a patient and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, imprisoned or deported.

• It is illegal to take pictures of certain buildings, such as inside certain areas of Australian airports, near prisons, and at military bases.
• Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.

Alcohol and Drugs:

• Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking of drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy sentences and fines. Please see Australia’s Department of Health webpage for further information. 
• Driving under the influence of alcohol can result in jail time.
• Random breath testing of a driver's blood alcohol level is a common occurrence.

Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our webpage for further information.

Potential Health Screening: Australian authorities have broad powers to prevent the entry of diseases and other materials into Australia that might pose a threat to its welfare. In the event of a public health emergency involving a communicable disease, passengers arriving in Australia may be subject to strict health screening measures, including testing, monitoring, and assessment for possible quarantine.

Customs: Australian customs authorities enforce very strict regulations concerning the importation from all countries of items such as agricultural goods, including plants and food products, and wood products, as well as very strict quarantine standards for animals and pets. Can you bring it in?

Contact the Embassy of Australia in Washington, D.C., or one of Australia's consulates in the United States for specific information regarding customs requirements, and visit the Australian Government’s Department of Agriculture website for additional information.

Natural Disasters:

Australia experiences a range of natural disasters, including bushfires, floods, and severe storms. These events are difficult to predict and can result in loss of life. You should be aware of conditions around you and monitor local weather and safety reports so you can take appropriate action when needed.

See our webpage for information on storm preparedness and response.

Safety Concerns:

Outdoor Recreation/Adventure

• Be aware that Australian fauna can be dangerous. From jellyfish to crocodiles, sharks, poisonous insects, and snakes, the continent and its waters host wildlife that merit awe and respect in equal doses.
• Visit the Wet Tropics Management Authority visitor information guide for information on Australian wildlife and marine life.
• Take important safety precautions when swimming, such as swimming only between the flags where a lifeguard is present, and never swimming alone.
• Further information on beach safety can be found on the Surf Life Saving website.

Follow recommended precautions when snorkeling and scuba diving and never dive alone. Over the past few years, there have been numerous deaths related to snorkeling and scuba diving incidents.

Faith-Based Travelers : See the following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers: There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in Australia. Australian federal law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation.

As of December 9, 2017 Australia defines marriage as “the union between two people.” Australia grants temporary and permanent visas to same-sex partners of Australian citizens.

See our LGBTI Travel Information page and section 6 of our Human Rights report for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance

• Australia enforces laws prohibiting discrimination against access to premises, facilities, and accommodation.
• Many of the downtown areas of Australian cities were built in the 1800s. These areas often have narrow sidewalks crowded with pedestrians and tourists.
• Most public transit, parking, streets, and buildings are accessible for disabled travelers.
• Tourist spots at the beach or in the Australian outback can have varying degrees of accessibility.
• Many accommodations and venues provide accessibility information on their websites.

Students: See our Students Abroad page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: See our travel tips for Women Travelers .

For emergency services in Australia, dial 000.

Ambulance services are widely available.

We do not pay medical bills.  Be aware that U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

• Excellent medical care is available in Australia.
• Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services.
• Serious medical problems requiring hospitalization and/or medical evacuation to the United States can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See our webpage for more information on overseas insurance coverage. Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

Prescriptions:

• If traveling with prescription medication, check with the government of  Australia  to ensure the medication is  legal in   Australia .
• Always, carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription

Vaccinations: Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air Quality: Visit AirNow Department of State for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates.

The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of hospitals and a link to the Australian National Health Services Directory at Medical Assistance - U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Australia (usembassy.gov) . We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.

Medical Tourism and Elective Surgery

• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for information on Medical Tourism, the risks of medical tourism, and what you can do to prepare before traveling to Australia.

Pharmaceuticals:

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible for rules governing the transport of medication back to the United States. Medication purchased abroad must meet their requirements to be legally brought back into the United States. Medication should be for personal use and must be approved for usage in the United States. Please visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration websites for more information.  

Adventure Travel

• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Adventure Travel .

Air Quality

Air pollution is a significant problem during certain months in Australia due to bush fires. Consider the impact seasonal bush fire season pollution may have on your health and consult your doctor before traveling.

The air quality varies considerably and changes with the season. It is typically at its worst in the bush fire season. People at the greatest risk from particle pollution exposure include:

• Infants, children, and teens
• People over 65 years of age
• People with lung disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema;
• People with heart disease or diabetes
• People who work or are active outdoors

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:

• Traffic operates on the left side of the road, and all vehicles use right-hand drive.
• Use caution when crossing streets and when driving.
• When crossing roads on foot, make sure you look carefully in all directions.
• Seat belt use by drivers and all passengers is mandatory, and fines apply for not wearing them.
• Motorcyclists must wear helmets.
• Speed limits and laws are rigorously enforced. Speed limits vary throughout Australia and are measured in kilometers, not miles. Be aware that speed cameras are everywhere and you will be ticketed for driving over the speed limit.
• Roads and streets are frequently narrower and less graded than U.S. highways.
• Outside major metropolitan areas, most highways are two-lane roads with significant distances between destinations.
• When driving in Australia, exercise caution while passing or merging with adjacent traffic.
• If driving in rural areas, be alert to free-roaming animals, such as kangaroos, and "road-trains" (several semi-truck trailers connected together).
• Passing road-trains is dangerous, and you should pull over to allow on-coming road-trains to pass to avoid being sideswiped.
• If you have no experience with a 4-wheel drive vehicle, you should exercise common-sense when driving in the Australian outback.

Traffic Laws:

• Each state/territory has different rules about using a foreign driver’s license and the conditions under which a visitor might have to get an international driver’s license. More information about  driving rules and regulations is available by state .
• Texting or holding your phone while driving is against the law in Australia, but you can use a hands-free system to communicate while driving.
• For specific information concerning Australian driving permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, mandatory insurance, and the rental and operation of motor vehicles in Australia, visit the  Australian Tourist Commission website.

Public Transportation:  Australia has an extensive and safe public transportation network consisting of buses, streetcars, ferries, trains, and subways. Metered taxis and ride sharing services are also prevalent. Use common sense safety practices, such as guarding valuables and remaining aware of your surroundings, on all public transportation.

See our  Road Safety page  for more information.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of Australia’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Australia’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to Australia should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website , and the  NGA broadcast warnings website  portal select “broadcast warnings”.

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Australia .  For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.

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Australia’s yellow international arrival cards are getting a COVID-era digital makeover. Here are 5 key questions

Lecturer in Information and Communication Technologies, CQUniversity Australia

Disclosure statement

Mahmoud Elkhodr does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

CQUniversity Australia provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.

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As Australia prepares to lift the ban on international travel, the federal government has awarded Irish-based IT multinational Accenture a A$75 million contract to develop a Digital Passenger Declaration (DPD) system.

These new digital passes, announced this week , will replace two current documents: the physical incoming passenger cards filled in by all international arrivals to Australia, and the online COVID-19 Australian Travel Declaration , which details travellers’ COVID vaccination status.

With international travel restrictions set to be lifted for vaccinated Australians once the nation reaches 80% vaccination, it is not yet clear whether unvaccinated foreign travellers will be allowed into Australia once the international border opens, or whether unvaccinated Australians will be allowed to travel overseas and return.

It is also not yet clear how the new system will interact with the COVID “ vaccine passports ” the government has pledged to make available to Australians from next month, allowing them to prove their vaccination status using either a digital or printed document.

The federal government says the new DPD system will also be able to share details of international travellers’ health and vaccination status with state and territory health authorities.

And Stuart Robert, the federal minister responsible for digital data policy, said the program could be extended in future to cover visas, import permits, licences, registrations and other government-issued documents.

While many of the details remain to be confirmed, the announcement prompts a range of questions about how the new digital passenger declarations will work in practice.

Is the new document a ‘vaccine passport’?

Not really — it’s more than that, because it also replaces the yellow arrival cards that will be familiar to anyone who has travelled to Australia on an international flight in recent years.

Besides this, the system will also allow passengers to digitally upload their COVID vaccination certificate. It’s not yet clear whether this will be the same document as the “vaccine passports” set to be issued by the federal government from next month.

The vaccine passports can be shown to immigration officials in other countries, whereas the information in the DPD is purely for collection by Australian officials. It’s also not clear what documents foreign arrivals will be able to use to declare their COVID vaccination status to Australian authorities via the DPD system.

Read more: Vaccine passports are coming to Australia. How will they work and what will you need them for?

How will privacy and security concerns be addressed?

Arriving travellers completing an incoming passenger card disclose lots of personal information, such as their full name, passport number, intended address in Australia, and declarations relating to customs and quarantine.

The new proposed DPD system will capture all these details, as well as the traveller’s COVID vaccination status. This raises several questions about how these data will be collected, transmitted, stored, accessed and shared.

A digital-based system comes with increased cybersecurity risks, and cyber criminals will doubtless be on the lookout for any vulnerability. There will also need to be clear policies detailing which federal, state and territory agencies are granted access to the data.

Will it be mandatory for overseas arrivals to declare their vaccination status, and will they be refused entry if they can’t prove they have been vaccinated? We don’t know yet.

Will authorities determine who needs to quarantine based on their vaccination status? Will Australia implement a traffic-light system, similar to other nations such as the United Kingdom, to identify which countries pose their biggest risk from unvaccinated travellers?

It is also unclear whether the system will be offered in languages besides English , and whether alternatives will be provided to those with accessibility needs or who lack access to a digital device.

How will travellers’ vaccination status be verified?

Recently, federal trade minister Dan Tehan told ABC radio the government is working with the International Civil Aviation Organisation on a QR-based system that would allow Australian vaccine certificates to be internationally recognised.

However, it is unclear at this stage whether the new DPD system will use the same system to verify the vaccination status of Australians returning home, and whether it will be able to verify foreign travellers’ vaccination status without further checks.

At the same time, Qantas is investigating ways to integrate yet another system, the IATA Travel Pass , into its own app. This system, developed by the International Air Transport Association and already used by airlines in several countries, allows passengers to securely store and present their COVID vaccination certificate, and to find information on testing and vaccine requirements for their journey.

Why isn’t there a globally unified approach?

European Union residents can already use the EU Digital COVID Certificate app to travel freely between member nations, and to other participating countries such as Norway. The app uses a QR code signed with a digital signature to ensure authenticity without needing to collect extra personal details from the holder.

New York state, meanwhile, has adopted a blockchain-based app called Excelsior Pass , which provides digital proof of COVID vaccination or negative test results. It works by searching the state’s health department records, using special cryptographic signatures to ensure COVID certificates and health data are genuine.

For the time being at least, international passengers will likely need to use several different apps to prove their vaccination status in various parts of the world. There are obvious issues with this beyond simple inconvenience, such as data and privacy protection.

Will the system discriminate unfairly?

My research shows that the absence of a unified approach to COVID-19 contact-tracing apps was the main driver behind their failures worldwide. Similar problems are now arising with the rapid proliferation of national and international COVID certificates, travel passes and vaccine passports.

One issue is compatibility. The Excelsior Pass app, for instance, only works on devices running Apple iOS version 13 or later, or Android version 7 or later.

But more importantly, people should have the right to prove their vaccination status without needing to carry a smart phone. Even in a rich country like Australia, only about 80% of the population owns a smart phone , and the rate is lower in developing nations. A system that relies solely on apps would disproportionately deny freedom of movement to poorer people.

Other issues go beyond the choice of technology involved. Legislation will be needed to ensure people with a valid reason for not having been vaccinated do not face discrimination as Australia and the world gradually open up their borders.

• Immigration
• International travel
• Vaccine passports

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Entry requirements

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Australia set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact Australia’s High Commission in the UK.

COVID-19 rules

You do not need a pre-departure COVID-19 test to enter or transit Australia regardless of your COVID-19 vaccination status. See the Australian government’s website for advice on COVID-19 and travelling.

COVID-19 quarantine requirements

Each state and territory determines its own quarantine rules. You should check requirements for specific states and territories .

Passport validity requirements

For entry into Australia, your passport should be valid for the proposed duration of your stay. If you’re transiting another country on your way to or from Australia, check the entry requirements for that country. Many countries will only allow entry if you have at least 6 months validity remaining on your passport.

Visa requirements

British citizens can usually get the following types of electronic visitor visa:

• eVisitor visa . There is no visa application charge or service fee
• Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) via the iOS App or Android App . There is no visa application charge, but a service fee of A$20 may apply

Information on all other types of visa is available from the Department of Home Affairs .

Working holiday visa

Thousands of Britons travel to Australia each year on a working holiday visa and the vast majority have no issues. Working conditions, accommodation and medical facilities are generally of a good standard.

You can find information about your rights as an employee in Australia and how to report any concerns about unfair or unlawful treatment on the Fair Work Ombudsman website , or by calling 131 394.

Get more information about working in Australia .

Dual nationals

If you’re a British national living in Australia with Australian citizenship, or a dual national, it is best to leave and enter Australia on your Australian passport. You could face difficulties and delays if you do not. See Australian government advice for dual nationals .

Vaccination requirements (other than COVID-19)

At least 8 weeks before your trip, check the vaccinations and certificates you need in TravelHealthPro’s Australia guide .

Quarantine of goods

Australia has strict quarantine rules to keep out pests and diseases that could affect plant, animal or human health.

You must fill out an Incoming Passenger Card and either:

• declare any risk goods including food, animal products and plant material (including wooden articles)
• dispose of any risk goods in the bins at the airport or sea port

All luggage is x-rayed on arrival. Any items of concern are further inspected, treated and if necessary confiscated and destroyed. You can be heavily fined for breaches of quarantine regulations.

You can find more information on the Department of Agriculture website .

You will also be asked to declare whether you have ‘visited a rural area, or been in contact with, or near, farm animals outside Australia in the past 30 days’.

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Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia

Statistics on international travel arriving in and departing from Australia.

• Next Release 16/04/2024 Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, February 2024
• Next Release 14/05/2024 Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, March 2024
• Next Release 12/06/2024 Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, April 2024
• View all releases
• Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia Reference Period December 2023
• Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia Reference Period November 2023
• Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia Reference Period October 2023

Key statistics

In January 2024:

• Short-term visitor arrivals: 603,770 – an annual increase of 191,360 trips
• Short-term resident returns: 1,392,890 – an annual increase of 294,990 trips
• Total arrivals: 2,122,070 – an annual increase of 514,060
• Total departures: 1,745,840 – an annual increase of 368,990

These statistics report on the number of international border crossings rather than the number of people. Most data in this release are rounded to the nearest 10. As a result, sums of components may not add exactly to totals.

Overseas Migration Statistics

This release presents statistics on all overseas arrivals and departures, which is not the same as overseas migration statistics.

If you are looking for ABS statistics on overseas migration, please refer to:

• Overseas Migration ;
• National, state and territory population .

Arrivals and departures

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• Provisional data for the most recent month has not had the full quality assurance methods applied as is done for the earlier months. Provisional data will be revised in the next issue of this publication.
• Provisional data for the most recent month has not had the full quality assurance methods applied as is done for the earlier months. Provisional estimates will be revised in the next issue of this publication.
• Category of travel data is not available from provisional estimates.
• Permanent arrivals (settlers) comprise: travellers who hold permanent visas, New Zealand citizens who indicate on their passenger card an intention to migrate permanently, and those who are otherwise identified as eligible to settle.
• Australian resident includes Australian citizens, permanent visa holders residing in Australia, and any New Zealand citizens who can be identified as a resident.
• An overseas visitor is any traveller arriving to, or departing from, Australia who is not an Australian resident.

Note: Long-term are travellers who have been away or in Australia for 12 months or more. Short-term are travellers who have been away or in Australia for less than 12 months.

Visitor arrivals - short-term

Compares international visitor arrivals each month by source country and change at the state and territory level. Analysis in this section is undertaken on short-term trips (less than 1 year).

For visitor arrivals to Australia:

• A total of 603,770 short-term trips were recorded, an increase of 191,360 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 17.4% lower than the pre-COVID level in January 2019.
• New Zealand was the largest source country, accounting for 16% of all visitor arrivals.

Countries where visitors came from

The three leading source countries where visitors came from were:

• New Zealand (94,410 trips)
• China (71,170)
• The USA (63,980).
• Top 10 source countries based on month ending January 2024.
• Excludes SARs and Taiwan.

State or territory of stay

All travellers are asked their intended address in Australia upon arrival. For January 2024, the highest number of visitor arrivals for short-term trips was observed for New South Wales (240,650), whilst the Northern Territory recorded the fewest (2,510).

2.3 Short-term visitor arrivals, state or territory of stay - January 2024

This map presents the number of short-term visitor arrivals in Australia in January 2024, by their state of intended stay.

- New South Wales (240,650) - Victoria (169,910) - Queensland (105,180) - South Australia (20,680) - Western Australia (50,300) - Tasmania (7,020) - Northern Territory (2,510) - Australian Capital Territory (7,500).

• Includes Other Territories.

Visitor arrivals - state and territory

Compares international visitor arrivals each month by source country for each state and territory. Analyses in this section are undertaken on short-term trips (less than 1 year) unless otherwise stated.

New South Wales

For visitor arrivals to New South Wales:

• There were 240,650 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 81,520 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 14.9% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for New South Wales were:

• The USA (34,730 trips)
• China (30,540)
• New Zealand (29,530).  

Long-term visitor arrivals

For visitors arriving in New South Wales for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 34,310 arrivals, an increase of 8,740 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 17.8% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

For visitor arrivals to Victoria:

• There were 169,910 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 59,950 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 17.4% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for Victoria were:

• New Zealand (25,960 trips)
• China (24,170)
• The UK (16,060).

For visitors arriving in Victoria for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 28,530 arrivals, an increase of 7,550 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 28.5% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

For visitor arrivals to Queensland:

• There were 105,180 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 31,490 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 25.6% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for Queensland were:

• New Zealand (29,290 trips)
• China (8,690)
• The USA (7,760).

For visitors arriving in Queensland for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 14,120 arrivals, an increase of 3,480 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 35% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

South Australia

For visitor arrivals to South Australia:

• There were 20,680 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 5,030 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 8% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for South Australia were:

• China (2,860 trips)
• The UK (2,580)
• New Zealand (2,370).

For visitors arriving in South Australia for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 5,580 arrivals, an increase of 1,430 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 79.7% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

Western Australia

For visitor arrivals to Western Australia:

• There were 50,300 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 9,900 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 14.6% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for Western Australia were:

• The UK (10,010 trips)
• New Zealand (5,050)
• China (3,040).

a. Top 10 source countries based on month ending January 2024. b. Excludes SARs and Taiwan.

For visitors arriving in Western Australia for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 11,550 arrivals, an increase of 2,310 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 82.8% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

For visitor arrivals to Tasmania:

• There were 7,020 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 1,110 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 17.8% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for Tasmania were:

• The USA (1,020 trips)
• New Zealand (970)
• The UK (950).

For visitors arriving in Tasmania for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 800 arrivals, an increase of 110 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 36.8% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.  

Northern Territory

For visitor arrivals to the Northern Territory:

• There were 2,510 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 250 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 26.7% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.  

The three leading source countries for the Northern Territory were:

• The USA (410 trips)
• New Zealand (220)
• Germany (200).

For visitors arriving in the Northern Territory for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 790 arrivals, an increase of 160 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 2.6% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

Australian Capital Territory

For visitor arrivals to the Australian Capital Territory:

• There were 7,500 short-term visitor arrivals, an increase of 2,090 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 6.7% lower than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

The three leading source countries for the Australian Capital Territory were:

• China (1,320 trips)
• The USA (1,060)
• New Zealand (1,010).

For visitors arriving in the Australian Capital Territory for a long-term trip (1 year or more):

• There were 2,400 arrivals, an increase of 380 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was 27% higher than pre-COVID levels in January 2019.

Visitor arrivals - short-term - calendar year 2023

Compares annual international travel arrivals over time by source country, state and territory, age and sex, main reason for journey and median duration of trip. All analysis in this section is done on short-term trips (less than 1 year).

For the most recent analysis by financial year, see the  June 2023 issue of Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia .

For visitors arriving in Australia in 2023:

• There were 7,187,430 visitor arrivals, nearly double the previous year
• New Zealand was the largest source country, accounting for 18% of visitors
• The most popular reason for travel was 'holiday' (40%)
• The median duration of stay in Australia was 14 days, down from 18 days in 2022.

Annual visitor arrivals

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a substantial decline in travel movements due to international border restrictions from March 2020. These restrictions were progressively lifted from 1 November 2021, and by 21 February 2022 Australian borders were reopened to most travellers. 

There were 7,187,430 visitor arrivals in 2023. This is an increase of nearly double on the previous year, up from 3,694,380.

Visitor arrivals have increased since international border restrictions were removed in November 2021, but remain lower than pre-COVID levels back in 2019. The number of arrivals in December 2022 was 60% of the same period in 2019, and by December 2023 had increased to 81% of the 2019 level. The total number of visitor arrivals in 2023 was 76% of the number recorded in 2019. 

Visitor arrivals to Australia have generally been increasing over recent decades, with a continuous increase in the ten-year period ending 2019. However, due to the impact of COVID-19, a substantial decline was observed from February 2020 onwards. Since November 2021, visitor arrivals have been increasing as border restrictions were progressively lifted.

Peaks were seen during the:

• Brisbane Expo in 1988
• Sydney Olympics in 2000
• Easing of COVID-19 border restrictions from late 2021.

Decreases were observed during the:

• Asian financial crisis in 1998
• September 11 attacks in the USA in 2001
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003
• Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008
• Global COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020. 
• 2001 Sept 11 attacks
• Asian financial crisis

The top five source countries for 2023 were New Zealand, the USA, the UK, China and India.

• Short-term visitor arrivals for all top 5 source countries were higher than the previous year
• New Zealand remained the largest source country for visitor arrivals with 1,272,140 visits
• Arrivals from the USA were the second highest with 659,750 visits

Ten years ago, in 2013, the top five source countries were New Zealand, China, the UK, the USA and Singapore.

• Top 5 source countries based on year ending December 2023.

Visitor arrivals have increased significantly since the easing of travel restrictions in November 2021, but visitor numbers from different countries have recovered at varied rates.

South Korea was the only one of the top 10 source countries in 2023 to exceed pre-COVID levels, reaching 103% of 2019 arrivals. China had the lowest rate of recovery, reaching 37% of 2019 arrivals.

• Top 10 source countries based on year ending December 2023.

All travellers are asked their intended address in Australia upon arrival. 

11.7 Short-term visitor arrivals, state/territory of stay — 2023

This map presents the proportion of short-term visitor arrivals in Australia in 2023, by their intended state or territory of stay:

• NSW (38.4% of all short-term visitors)
• Vic. (25.6%)
• Qld (20.4%)
• Tas. (1.0%)
• ACT (1.3%). 

Ten years ago, in 2013, Victoria had a smaller proportion of visitor arrivals (22.3%) than Queensland (23.5%) and the Northern Territory had a larger proportion (1.2%) than the Australian Capital Territory (1.0%) and Tasmania (0.7%).

All states and territories expect the Northern Territory recorded an overall increase in international visitors in the years prior to 2020. While most states recorded steady annual growth, the Northern Territory and South Australia experienced fluctuations in visitor numbers. All states and territories observed a considerable drop in visitor numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the easing of travel restrictions in November 2021, visitor arrivals have increased in all states and territories, but have increased towards pre-COVID levels at different rates. In 2023, visitor arrivals to ACT reached 86% of 2019 movements, the highest of any state or territory. Visitor arrivals to the Northern Territory were the lowest, with movements in 2023 reaching 60% of 2019 levels.

The mix of source countries at the state and territory level was different to that at the national level. In 2023:

• New Zealand was the largest source country for visitors to NSW, Vic., Qld, SA and Tas.
• The UK was the largest source country for WA
• The USA was the largest source country of visitors to the NT
• China was the largest source country of visitors to the ACT.

Ten years earlier, in 2013, it was similar, the only difference was that the UK was the leading source country for visitors to SA, and New Zealand was the leading source country for visitors to ACT.

Age and sex

There were more visits to Australia by females than males in 2023 (3,456,860 males compared with 3,730,570 females). In 2013, however, there were more male short-term visitor arrivals than female (3,317,100 males and 3,164,600 females).

In 2023, the median age for male visitors was 41 years, while the median age for female visitors was 42 years. When broken down into five-year age groups, the largest group of visitor arrivals was those aged between 25 and 29 years. New Zealand was the largest source country for this age group, and ‘holiday’ was the most frequently stated reason for journey (42%). In 2013, the median age for male visitors was 40, and the median age for female visitors was 39.

Main reason for journey

Visitors are asked the main reason for their journey upon arrival in Australia.

In 2023, the most frequently stated reasons were:

• ‘Holiday’ (40%)
• ‘Visiting friends/relatives’ (37%)
• ‘Business’ (6.2%).
• As a percentage of all short-term visitor arrivals.

In the pre-COVID period, ‘holiday’ was the most frequently reported reason for journey for visitor arrivals (47% in 2019), but international travel restrictions due to COVID-19 caused a change in travel behaviour. Since the easing of these restrictions, the number of visitors to Australia has increased for all reasons, and ‘holiday’ has returned to the most common (40% in 2023).

Female visitors were more likely than males to record their main reason for journey as 'holiday' or 'visiting friends/relatives'. Male visitors were more likely to record 'business' or 'employment' than female visitors.

• Visiting friends/relatives

Duration of stay

Visitors are asked their intended duration in Australia upon arrival.

During 2023, the median duration of stay in Australia was 14 days. This is a decrease compared to 2022, when the median trip duration was 18 days. In 2019, prior to the pandemic, the median duration of short-term visitor trips was 10 days, but median duration of stay increased during the pandemic.

The median duration varied between the states and territories and between the numerous source countries.

• Top 10 source countries have been calculated at the Australia level.
• Excludes SARs and Taiwan.

In 2023 the median duration by state or territory was:

• Highest in NT at 21 days 
• Lowest for NSW and Qld at 12 days.

Visitors from India recorded a median duration of stay of 61 days, which was the longest of the top 10 countries. This was down from 86 days the year before.

Visitors from Japan recorded for a comparatively shorter stay, with a median duration of 7 days. This was down from 10 days the year before.

The median duration of stay of short-term visitors to Australia also varied by their reported reason for journey. Those travelling for:

• ‘Education’ stayed the longest (152 days)
• ‘Employment’ (147 days)
• ‘Visiting friends/relatives’ (20 days)
• ‘Holiday’ (10 days)
• ‘Convention/conference’ and ‘business’ stayed the shortest (7 days).

Arrivals - international students

Compares international student arrivals each month by visa type.

• In January 2024 there were 82,890 international student arrivals to Australia, an increase of 23,660 students compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of student arrivals in January 2024 was 8.1% lower than the pre-COVID levels in January 2019.  
• International student visa holders whether it be for a short-term (less than 1 year) or long-term (1 year or more) duration. This is not the same as when a traveller self reports 'education' as their main reason for journey.
• English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students.

Resident returns - short-term

Compares international resident returns each month by destination country and change at the state and territory level. Analysis in this section is undertaken on short-term trips (less than 1 year).

For residents returning from overseas:

• A total of 1,392,890 short-term trips were recorded, an increase of 294,990 compared with the corresponding month of the previous year.
• The number of trips for January 2024 was at the pre-COVID level in January 2019.
• New Zealand was the most popular destination country, accounting for 13% of all resident returns.

Destination countries

The three leading destination countries residents returned from were:

• New Zealand (177,090 trips)
• Indonesia (156,130)
• India (112,360).

State or territory of residence

All travellers are asked their intended address in Australia upon arrival. For January 2024, the highest number of resident returns from short-term trips was observed for New South Wales (497,840), whilst Tasmania recorded the fewest (8,660).

13.3 Short-term resident returns, state or territory of residence - January 2024

Description: This map presents the number of short-term resident returns in Australia in January 2024, by their state of intended residence.

- New South Wales (497,840) - Victoria (383,940) - Queensland (239,320) - South Australia (53,790) - Western Australia (171,470) - Tasmania (8,660) - Northern Territory (9,110) - Australian Capital Territory (28,340).

Resident returns - short-term - calendar year 2023

For Australian residents returning to Australia in 2023:

• There were 9,975,230 resident returns from overseas, an increase of over 4.7 million on the previous year
• Indonesia was the leading destination country for Australians travelling overseas, accounting for 1,368,050 trips
• The most popular reason for travel was 'holiday' (57%)
• The median trip duration was 15 days.

Annual resident returns

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a substantial decline in travel movements due to the introduction of international border restrictions in March 2020. These restrictions were eased progressively from 1 November 2021, resulting in increased travel in 2022 and 2023.

9,975,230 residents returned from overseas trips in 2023. This was an increase of over 4.7 million on the previous year, when 5,225,640 trips were taken.

The number of resident returns in 2023 remained lower than pre-COVID but increased across the year, and by December 2023 had reached 99% of the corresponding period in 2019. The total number of residents returning from overseas in 2023 was 88% of 2019 (pre-COVID) volumes.

The number of Australian residents travelling overseas has largely been increasing over recent decades, with the general trend interrupted by various historical events such as the: 

• Early 1990s recession in Australia
• September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001
• Bali bombings in 2002
• Global COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020.

A substantial decline was observed in late March 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. Travel by Australian residents has been increasing over the past two years after border restrictions were gradually removed from November 2021.

• 2002 Bali bombings
• Early 1990s recession

The top five destination countries in 2023 were Indonesia, New Zealand, the USA, the UK and Japan.

• Short-term resident returns for all top 5 destination countries continued to increase after the removal of international travel restrictions 
• Indonesia was the leading destination country with 1,368,050 trips, most of whom recorded 'holiday' as their reason for travel (86%)
• Residents returning from New Zealand increased to 1,263,540, up from 707,990 in 2022
• The USA was the only country in the top 5 where travel volumes remained lower than 10 years ago (667,080 trips, down from 972,020 in 2013).

Ten years ago, in 2013, the top five countries were New Zealand, the USA, Indonesia, Thailand and the UK.

• Top 5 destination countries based on year ending December 2023.

The number of Australian residents travelling overseas has increased significantly since the easing of travel restrictions in November 2021, but the number of residents visiting various countries has increased at different rates.

India was the highest of the top ten destination countries when compared to pre-COVID levels, with trips taken in 2023 exceeding the 2019 level by 15%. The number of Australians visiting Fiji also exceeded the 2019 level by 12%. The USA had the lowest rate of recovery of the top 10 countries, reaching 63% of the 2019 volume.

• Top 10 destination countries based on year ending December 2023.

All travellers are asked their intended address in Australia upon arrival.

14.7 Short-term resident returns, state/territory of residence — 2023

This map presents the proportion of short-term resident returns in Australia in 2022-23, by their intended state or territory of residence:

• NSW (33.5% of all short-term resident returns)
• Vic. (28.0%)
• Qld (17.9%)
• ACT (1.9%). 

Ten years ago, in 2013, the Northern Territory had a higher proportion of resident returns (1.2%) than Tasmania (1.0%). Victoria’s proportion has increased (up from 24.8%) and Western Australia’s has decreased (down from 15.3%).

Most states and territories recorded growth in the number of residents taking overseas trips in the years prior to 2020. Western Australia remained steady from 2014 until the impact of the pandemic, while the Northern Territory fluctuated across the decade. There was a considerable drop for all states and territories from March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The easing of travel restrictions from November 2021 has resulted in an increase of international travel from residents of all states, but travel has increased towards pre-COVID levels at different rates. When compared to 2019, overseas trips were the highest for Victorian residents, with resident returns in 2023 reaching 90% of 2019 levels, and lowest for Northern Territory residents, with 2023 movements reaching 66% of 2019 levels.

The top destination country varied between states and territories:

• New Zealand was the most popular destination for residents from NSW, Qld, Tas. and ACT.
• Indonesia was the top destination for Vic., SA, WA and the NT.

Ten years earlier, in 2013, the difference was that New Zealand was the leading destination for residents of Vic., and the USA was the top country for those living in NSW, SA, and the ACT.

There were more trips taken overseas by Australian males than females in 2023 (5,092,650 males compared with 4,882,580 females). Ten years earlier, in 2013, there were also more trips taken by males than females (4,586,090 males compared with 4,123,510 females).

In 2023, male residents returning to Australia had a median age of 42 years, whereas female residents had a median age of 41 years. When broken down into five-year age groups, more women than men travelled in the age range of 15 to 34 and there were more men than women in all other age groups under 90 years of age.

Australian residents returning from overseas are asked to provide the main reason for their journey.

• 'Holiday' (57%)
• 'Visiting friends/relatives' (29%)
• 'Business' (6%).
• As a percentage of all short-term resident returns.

Prior to COVID, ‘holiday’ was the most frequently reported reason for residents returning from overseas trips (57% in 2019). However, due to the impact of the pandemic and travel restrictions, the proportion recording ‘visiting friends and relatives’ became the most frequent reason during that period and reached a peak of 59% in February 2022. In 2023, ‘holiday’ has returned as the most common reason for journey (57%) and surpassed ‘visiting friends/relatives’ (29%).

Female residents returning to Australia were more likely than male residents to record their main reason for journey as 'holiday' or 'visiting friends/relatives'. Male residents were more likely to record 'business' or ‘employment’ than female residents.

The exact duration away is measured for Australian residents returning from overseas.

During 2023, the median short-term trip duration for Australians travelling overseas was 15 days. This was less than in 2022, when the median trip duration was 16 days.

In 2019, prior to the pandemic, the median duration of short-term resident trips was 14 days, but median duration of stay increased during the pandemic.

The median duration varied between the states and territories and between the numerous destination countries.

• Top 10 destination countries have been calculated at the Australia level.

Residents visiting India stayed away the longest of the top 10 destination countries, with a median duration of 29 days.

Residents travelling to Fiji had a median duration of 7 days, which was the shortest of the top 10 destination countries.

The duration of stay of short-term trips by Australian residents going overseas varied according to reason for journey. Those travelling for:

• 'Employment' stayed away the longest (24 days)
• 'Visiting friends/relatives' (23 days)
• 'Education' (21 days)
• 'Holiday' (14 days)
• 'Convention/conference' (9 days)
• 'Business' stayed the shortest (8 days).

Data downloads

1. Additional provisional data is available under the Data downloads for State of clearance (Table 13), Country of citizenship (Table 14), and Visa group (Table 15). No further breakdowns of provisional data are available, other than those which appear in this release.

2. The ABS identified a data quality issue with OAD processing which affected the state of clearance and visa grouping data. As a result, Overseas Arrivals and Departures data from September 2007 to August 2015 was revised and released in the March 2023 publication.  A further revision to data from July 2007 to June 2017 was released in the April 2023 publication. For further information see Methodology page, in the History of changes section for the year 2007. 

3. Due to improvements made to the quality of the imputations used to estimate duration of stay, OAD data from January to March 2022 has been revised and released in the April 2022 issue.  These imputations use historical data and have been impacted by changed travel behaviour during the COVID-19 travel restrictions period. For further information see Methodology page in the History of changes section for the year 2022.

4. The ABS identified a data quality issue with the source data which affected the state and territory of stay/residence data.  As a result, Overseas Arrivals and Departures data from July 2021 to February 2022 was revised and released in the March 2022 issue. For further information see Methodology page in the History of changes section for the year 2022.

5. For all Short-term Visitor Arrivals (STVA) and Short-term Resident Returns (STRR) series, the trend estimates have been suspended from February 2020 and the seasonally adjusted estimates have been suspended from April 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international travel. For more information, see the Seasonally adjusted and trend estimates section in the Methodology page associated with this release.

6. The quality of the imputation used to estimate duration of stay for some resident departures was impacted by changed travel behaviour during COVID-19 travel restrictions. The proportional split between short-term resident departures and long-term resident departures was impacted from April 2020 to December 2021. Where possible, instead of departure volumes, we recommend clients use short-term resident returns and long-term resident returns for greater accuracy. For more information on how this variable is imputed, please see paragraph 28 of the Imputations and derivations section of the Methodology page.

7. Occasionally situations occur that necessitate breaks being applied to the trend series. For an overview of the breaks currently included in the trend series, see paragraph 14 of the Seasonally adjusted and trend estimates section in the Methodology.

8. For further information about the data, including updates or changes, see the Methodology page.

Time series spreadsheets

Table 1: total movement, arrivals - category of movement, table 2: total movement, departures - category of movement, table 3: short-term movement, visitors arriving - selected countries of residence: trend, table 4: short-term movement, visitors arriving - selected countries of residence: seasonally adjusted, table 5: short-term movement, visitors arriving - selected countries of residence: original, table 6: short-term movement, visitors arriving - intended length of stay and main reason for journey: original, table 7: short-term movement, residents returning - selected destinations: trend, table 8: short-term movement, residents returning - selected destinations: seasonally adjusted, table 9: short-term movement, residents returning - selected destinations: original, table 10: short-term movements, residents returning - length of stay and main reason for journey: original, table 11: short-term movement, visitors arriving - state of intended stay: original, table 12: short-term movement, residents returning - state of residence: original, table 13: total arrivals and total departures - state of residence/stay and state of clearance, table 14: total arrivals and total departures - country of citizenship, table 15: total arrivals and total departures - visa group, table 16: total arrivals - state of residence/stay by visa group, table 17: total departures - state of residence/stay by visa group, data explorer datasets.

Two Overseas Arrivals and Departures datasets are available in Data Explorer.

1.  Visitor arrivals and resident returns, Selected Countries of Residence/Destinations

2.  Visitor arrivals and resident returns, Intended Length of Stay and Main Reason for Journey

Caution: Data in Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the reference period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the  Data Explorer user guide .

This release contains overseas movement data which should not be interpreted as 'persons'. See the Scope section, paragraph 1 in the Methodology for more detail.

The statistics in this release have been rounded. See the Confidentiality section in the Methodology for more detail.

For enquiries about these and related statistics, contact the Customer Assistance Service via the ABS website  Contact Us  page. The  ABS Privacy Policy  outlines how the ABS will handle any personal information that you provide to the ABS.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 3401.0.

Methodology

Do you need more detailed statistics, request data.

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