nigeria travel guide

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Nigeria is a pulsating powerhouse: as the most populous nation on the continent – nearly every fifth African is Nigerian – it dominates the region. Lagos, the main city, is overflowing with tech industries, posh restaurants and clubs, and an exploding arts scene, this megacity is the face of modern Africa.

Best Time to Visit

Best places to visit, attractions, must-see attractions.

Osun Sacred Grove

The Sacred Grove is a large area of rainforest on the outskirts of Oshogbo. Within the forest is the beautiful Shrine of Oshuno, the River Goddess. In…

Lekki Conservation Centre

Run by the Nigerian Conservation Foundation, this centre has a huge tract of wetlands set aside for wildlife viewing. Canopy walkways enable you to see…

Nike Art Gallery

One of Nigeria's most important artists, Nike Okundaye, runs this enormous gallery full of contemporary and traditional Nigerian arts. Nike herself is…

Terra Kulture

Close to Bar Beach, this welcoming arts centre with a high bamboo roof has a traditional restaurant which is one of the best and most attractive places to…

Afi Mountain Drill Ranch

The excellent Afi Mountain Drill Ranch near Cross River National Park is one of Nigeria's highlights, with a rainforest canopy walk, close primate…

Lekki Market

A rich variety of crafts from all around Nigeria and West Africa: this is a brilliant place to wander and look for affordable gifts. You can also buy…

Kalakuta Republic Museum

Legendary musician Fela Kuti's former house and revolutionary headquarters is now a fascinating museum with everything intact from Fela's bedroom to his …

The founding site of Abeokuta, famed Olumo Rock has a rich history and great spiritual significance. Hire a guide and climb the rock – at one point it is…

Top picks from our travel experts

Top 9 things to do in nigeria.

Nike Centre for Art & Culture

Get your shopping groove on at this fabulous gallery, where you can browse Nike's own paintings, and buy a terrific range of fabrics, batik garments and…

Suzanne Wenger's House

Susanne Wenger's remarkable house sits in the heart of Oshogbo: a tall Gothic place decorated outside with terracotta swirling sculptures, and inside with…

Jos National Museum

Has a superb collection of pottery, including several Nok terracotta sculptures – at over 2500 years old they're Africa's oldest figurative sculptures.

Planning Tools

Expert guidance to help you plan your trip.

Best Things to Do

From thrilling festivals to immersive cultural experiences, here are the 9 best things to do in Nigeria.

Things to Know

From what to pack to helpful etiquette rules and safety tips, here are the some things to know before visiting Nigeria.

Transportation

From okadas (motorcycle taxis) to kekes (tricycles), these are the best ways for getting around Nigeria.

Visa Requirements

Heading to Nigeria? Unless you're a citizen of ECOWAS/CEDEAO-member countries, Chad or Cameroon, you'll need a visa.

Money and Costs

In Nigeria, there are many ways to save your naira if you know how the locals roll. Here are some tips on how to experience the country on a budget.

Best Road Trips

Hire a driver and hop in the car to explore more of Nigeria with these top road trip routes.

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Nigeria travel guide

From the loud laughter of traffic-choked Lagos to the green-fringed villages that line rivers and streams, Nigeria is one of the most exciting places to visit in Africa.

Once known only for oil and chaos, the country is changing rapidly. It has a rising middle class, a dynamic arts scene and more miles of golden sand than you can shake a bucket and spade at. Its national parks are home to some of the last remaining endangered species in West Africa, while its mountains offer a cooler climate and spectacular views of the most populous country in Africa.

Those 177 million people are as diverse as the nation itself; in the north, you'll see men in colourful Muslim dress lining prayer mats on Fridays, while their southern counterparts play checkers before church. The cuisine too is varied; there are hot and spicy dishes, fresh fish and meat, fast food and imported fare.

But Nigeria's greatest asset – its wealth of native races and religions, its vibrant population – have also proven its downfall on countless explosive occasions, and military overthrows, coups and assassinations have been numerous. The situation is particularly fraught in northern Nigeria, which is home to the jihadist group, Boko Haram (meaning “Western education is forbidden”).

For all its domestic difficulties, Nigeria remains a major regional power and lays claim to the biggest economy in Africa – if you want to feel the excitement of an emerging country, this land will blow you away.

It’s full of surprises, too. Visitors can find themselves dancing the night away at a Nigerian wedding party, sipping champagne with supermodels, haggling for art in Lagos’ hipster district, Yabi, and swimming beneath cascading waterfalls in the mountains.

Though Nigeria is a loud and brash destination, it also has a quieter, more reflective side that deserves to be seen. In fact it has so many faces that at times it feels more like a continent than a country.

923,768 sq km (356,669 sq miles).

181,526,056 (UN estimate 2016)

204.2 per sq km.

President Bola Tinubu since 2023.

Travel Advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Areas where FCDO advises against travel

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against FCDO advice.

North East Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to:

• Borno State
• Adamawa State
• Gombe State

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to:

• Bauchi State
• Taraba State

North West Nigeria

• Kaduna State
• Katsina State
• Zamfara State
• Jigawa State
• Sokoto State
• within 20km of the border with Niger in Kebbi State

North Central Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, including Abuja

• Niger State
• Plateau State

South East and South South Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to the riverine areas (the river and swamp locations accessible by boat, but not by road) of Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Akwa Ibom and Cross River states.

• non-riverine areas of Delta, Bayelsa, and Rivers and Akwa Ibom states
• Anambra State

Nigeria-Niger border   

The Nigeria-Niger land border has been closed by the Nigerian authorities in response to the political situation in Niger. If you’re planning to travel by land across this border, check with the local authorities for the latest information before travelling.

See Niger travel advice before travelling by land across this border.

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel . 

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide as well as support for British nationals abroad which includes:

• advice on preparing for travel abroad and reducing risks
• information for women, LGBT+ and disabled travellers

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Nigeria set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Nigeria High Commission in the UK .

COVID-19 rules

There are no COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements for travellers entering Nigeria.

Visa requirements

You must have a visa to enter Nigeria as a visitor. Get your visa before travelling.

Some business travellers are eligible to apply for a visa on arrival. Check the visa conditions from Nigerian Immigration Services .

If you have a valid Nigerian residence permit (CERPAC or Green Card), you do not need a visa to enter Nigeria.

For further information contact the Nigeria High Commission in the UK .

Applying for a visa

You can apply for a visa from Nigerian Immigration Services .

Vaccination requirements

At least 8 weeks before your trip, check the  vaccinations and certificates you need in TravelHealthPro’s Nigeria guide .

Depending on your circumstances, this may include a yellow fever vaccination certificate.

Health screening

You must fill in an online Nigeria Health Declaration Form when entering Nigeria. This includes transit passengers. On arrival, a paper version is available.

You may be asked to take part in thermal screening and carry out a travel history check. This is to assist the Nigerian Government in the detection of diseases of public health importance.

Customs rules

It is illegal to import beer, mineral water, soft drinks, sparkling wine, fruits, vegetables, cereals, eggs, textile fabrics, jewellery and precious metals. It is illegal to export African art, particularly antiques, without written authorisation from the Department of Antiquities. Find more details from the Nigeria High Commission in the UK .

You should also read FCDO ’s overall travel advice and regional risks advice .

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. You should remain alert at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad .

Terrorism in Nigeria

Terrorists are very likely to try and carry out attacks in Nigeria.

The primary terrorist threat in Nigeria comes from Islamic State West Africa ( ISWA ) and Boko Haram. These groups are mainly based in north-east Nigeria in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states. Since 2021, there have also been attacks likely associated with terrorist groups in Niger, Kaduna, Kogi, Bauchi, Ondo, Zamfara, Taraba, Jigawa, Sokoto, Edo and Kano states, as well as the Federal Capital Territory.

Attacks could be indiscriminate and could occur at any time, including in places frequented by foreign nationals, such as:

• places of worship
• bars and restaurants
• sports venues and screenings
• displacement camps
• train networks and stations
• government buildings
• educational institution
• international organisations
• large public gatherings

Take particular care during election periods, or periods of religious significance or other public holidays.

Terrorist groups have also constructed bogus vehicle checkpoints on major supply and commercial routes, such as the A3 Maiduguri-Damaturu road.

A heavy security presence is often a sign of a particularly high risk. Avoid affected areas in the immediate aftermath of an attack. Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Recent significant attacks have included:

• in June 2023, Islamic State West Africa ( ISWA ) carried out an IED attack in Nasarawa State
• in April 2023, ISWA claimed an IED attack on civilians in Jigawa State
• in February 2023, ISWA bombed a local government office in Kogi State
• in 2022, ISWA claimed responsibility for attacks on Nigerian security personnel in Ondo and Edo states
• in 2022, ISWA attacked the Kuje Prison in the Federal Capital Territory and an unknown number of prisoners escaped
• in 2022, ISWA claimed responsibility for attacks on policemen in Niger State, within 30 kilometres of the Federal Capital Territory

Terrorist kidnap

Terrorist groups are highly likely to carry out kidnaps in Nigeria. Kidnappings are widespread and could occur anywhere. Foreign nationals and humanitarian workers have been kidnapped in the North, including in the states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Katsina, Kano and Kebbi. There may be an increased risk of kidnap, particularly to NGO workers, in Borno State.  

British nationals are seen as legitimate targets, including tourists, humanitarian aid workers, journalists and business travellers. If you are kidnapped, the reason for your presence is unlikely to protect you or secure your safe release. 

The long-standing policy of the British government policy is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners builds the capability of terrorist groups and finances their activities. This can, in turn, increase the risk of further hostage-taking. The Terrorism Act (2000) makes payments to terrorists illegal. 

Political situation

Political rallies, protests and violent demonstrations can take place with little notice. Get advice on areas to avoid. Take care if you’re visiting crowded public places or attending events which attract large crowds. If you see a threatening or intimidating situation, do not try to make your way through it. Turn around and move to safety.

Incidents of intercommunal violence occur frequently and often without warning throughout Nigeria. Although foreign nationals are not normally targeted, there is a risk you could be caught in an attack. Monitor local government announcements and media reporting.

Curfews and communication blackouts

The authorities impose, amend and lift curfews and restrictions on the movement of vehicles at short notice throughout Nigeria.

If you fail to observe curfews and restrictions, you could be at significant risk. Check with the local authorities or someone with local knowledge for up-to-date information.

Network operators in Nigeria have in the past been ordered to suspend mobile networks and wi-fi with very little notice.

Street and road crime

Throughout Nigeria there are high levels of violent street crime including muggings and armed robbery.

There are frequent reports of carjackings, some involving armed gunmen, on Nigeria’s urban and rural road networks.

Criminals have targeted visiting British nationals as their perceived wealth makes them attractive victims. Follow guidance offered by hosts or employers and limit road travel at night as far as possible. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash and never wear valuable watches, jewellery or items of sentimental value. If you suspect danger, move to a safer area.

If you’re caught up in an armed robbery, immediately comply with the attackers’ demands.

Withdrawing and exchanging money

Areas around banks and ATMs have seen a spike in criminal activity, so take extra precautions when withdrawing cash, especially at night.

The Central Bank of Nigeria has issued new 200, 500 and 1000 naira notes. Check notes from currency exchange vendors are valid.

Credit card fraud is common, so keep your card within sight when paying bills.

Financial scams

British nationals are increasingly targeted by scammers operating in West Africa. Scams come in many forms including romance and friendship, business ventures and work or employment opportunities. Scams can put victims at great financial risk. Be cautious about requests for funds, job offers, business ventures and face-to-face meetings with anyone you have been in contact with online. Get more information on scams from Action Fraud, including ‘419’ emails and letters.

If you’re emailed about a money transfer to Nigeria for someone you know, contact the person supposedly receiving the money. If a caller claims to be in distress, ask if they have reported the incident to the British Deputy High Commission in Lagos.

If you receive a suspicious email that claims to be from any British High Commission office in Nigeria, contact the Consular Section of the British Deputy High Commission in Lagos.

IVF and fertility treatment scams

If you’re considering fertility treatment in Nigeria, be cautious. There have been a number of staged fake births (commonly called ‘miracle babies’) where visitors are falsely led to believe they have given birth. There is a risk in bringing a child who is not biologically related to you into the UK without following the legal procedures. The UK has restricted overseas adoption of children from Nigeria.

Kidnapping for ransom

Kidnapping is widespread across Nigeria. There has been a recent increase in kidnappings in the Abuja Federal Capital Territory area.

Criminal groups may kidnap victims by stopping cars on major highways, including the:

• Abuja-Kaduna highway
• Enugu-Awka-Onitsha expressway in Anambra

There is a high threat of kidnapping and other armed attacks at oil and gas facilities in the Niger Delta region. This also applies to facilities at sea.

Possible targets for kidnap include British nationals of Nigerian origin visiting friends and relatives, and British nationals working for international corporations. They will have connections in the country with ready access to funds. There is a possibility that criminal groups could sell hostages on to terrorist organisations.

When arranging meetings, use a secure location. Avoid regular patterns of travel and aim to only travel during daylight hours.

Laws and cultural differences

Using a mobile.

Your SIM must be linked to a Nigerian Identification Number. Get guidance from your network operator.

Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa. You should behave and dress modestly, particularly in the north and when visiting religious sites.

Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. The dates vary by year. During this time, in any predominantly Muslim area you should not:

• eat, drink, smoke or chew gum in public areas (including in cars and taxis) during the daytime
• sit down to eat in hotels and restaurants without checking if there is a separate or screened area for food and drink
• ignore dress codes – it is more important to wear respectful clothing during Ramadan
• play loud music, swear, shout, sing or dance

Be aware that driving may be erratic, particularly at dusk when people are getting back home to eat.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

Possession or use of illegal drugs is a serious offence and can result in lengthy prison sentences and heavy fines.

Using cameras in secure areas

Photography of government, military buildings and airports may lead to arrest.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex relationships are generally viewed as unacceptable in Nigeria. The ‘Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Bill’ allows lengthy prison sentences for those entering into a same-sex marriage, those witnessing, aiding or abetting a same-sex marriage, the operation and support of gay clubs, societies and organisations and the public display of same-sex relationships.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers .

Transport risks

Road travel.

Road travel across Nigeria can be chaotic and slow moving. Take a mobile and a supply of bottled water with you when travelling by car.

You can drive in Nigeria with a UK driving licence for up to 3 months. If necessary renew or update it . The minimum legal age for driving is 18.

If you’re staying longer, you will need a 1968 international driving permit (IDP) . For stays of more than a year, you will have to get a Nigerian driver’s licence .

Limit travel after dark outside city centres as far as possible. Avoid quiet and poorly lit roads. Be alert when in traffic jams or at traffic lights. Keep car windows up and doors locked, and make sure valuables are out of sight. If you feel your vehicle is being followed, drive to the nearest place of safety (such as a police station).

Take care when driving outside cities and consider travelling in convoy.

Dangers at road checkpoints

There are authorised and unauthorised vehicle checkpoints throughout Nigeria. Some are for security checks, others to extort small payments of money. Slow down at any type of checkpoint and stay calm. 

There has been an increasing trend of illegal vehicle checkpoints on major supply and commercial routes in northern Nigeria. This includes attacks on major roads into Maiduguri in Borno State, including the A3 Maiduguri-Damaturu road. These attacks have targeted civilians, security forces and aid workers.

Taxis and buses

Public transport throughout Nigeria is dangerous. Taxis and long-distance buses are often poorly maintained, uninsured and driven by unqualified drivers. Most major hotels offer cars for hire with drivers, so use these where possible. Taxis, including online taxi app services, can pose a kidnap risk to passengers.

If you are expecting a greeter or driver to collect you at any of Nigeria’s international airports, make sure they have properly identified themselves before you set off. Bogus greeters are a problem.

There have been armed robberies and incidents of piracy in Nigerian waters, the wider Gulf of Guinea, and on the rivers and harbours in the Niger Delta area. Mariners should get professional security advice and take appropriate precautions.

Swimming risks

Swimming off the coast of Nigeria is sometimes dangerous due to rip tides and undertows, with drownings occurring each year. Get local advice before swimming.

This section has safety advice for regions of Nigeria. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice. 

Insecurity is increasing across Nigeria. Kidnapping, violent crime, and intercommunal violence occur throughout all regions of Nigeria. You should also read FCDO ’s overall travel advice and safety and security advice .

FCDO advises against all travel to Borno State, Yobe State, Adamawa State and Gombe State.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Bauchi and Taraba states.

There is a high and increasing threat from Boko Haram or Islamic State West Africa, particularly around transport hubs, religious areas and large gatherings. Humanitarian personnel, vehicles, supplies and infrastructure can be targeted by terrorists and criminals.

There is a high threat of kidnap and violent attacks. Intercommunal tensions can lead to outbreaks of violence. During the dry season when roads are more easily accessible this risk is heightened. 

Regular military operations are ongoing in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states. There is a risk of retaliatory attacks.

If you’re in the north-east against FCDO advice, keep in touch with the authorities and the wider community on the security situation. Make sure your safety procedures and contingency plans are up to date. If you are working, make sure you have confidence in your employer’s ability to extract you in the event of any emergency.

If in Maiduguri, be aware that if security were to deteriorate any further, it could be extremely difficult for you to leave the city. FCDO does not advise travelling by road in this area. 

FCDO advises against all travel to Kaduna State, Katsina State and Zamfara State.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Kano State, Jigawa State, and Sokoto State, and within 20km of the border with Niger in Kebbi State.

Banditry and violent attacks are frequent and there is a high threat of kidnap. Incidents of intercommunal violence occur and trains are vulnerable to attack. If you’re travelling in the north-west against FCDO advice, be extremely cautious and monitor local media.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Niger, Kogi, and Plateau states due to criminal and militant activity and incidents of intercommunal violence.

The outer suburbs of Abuja, within the Federal Capital Territory are prone to varying levels of violence, and the safety of daily activity is unpredictable. Violent crime, often involving firearms, has increased and spread from the outer suburbs to more central, wealthier areas of the city.

The risk of terrorism in Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory area has increased. Islamic State West Africa ( ISWA ) has claimed responsibility for attacks. In one attack on Kuje Prison in Abuja in 2022, an unknown number of prisoners escaped, including suspected terrorists. The risk is present across the Federal Capital Territory, including Abuja, particularly in the border areas.

Be cautious when travelling in the Federal Capital Territory. Take advice from trusted contacts and be prepared to cancel or limit your plans.

There are regular protests in Abuja, which can turn violent. Monitor local media, avoid demonstrations and large gatherings and follow instructions from local police and security forces.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Abia, Anambra and Imo states and non-riverine areas of Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers states.

Militant groups are active across the Niger Delta region and have carried out a number of attacks on oil and gas infrastructure. There’s a high risk of armed robbery, criminality and kidnap in the Niger Delta region.

There have been a number of attacks and targeted killings. Some attacks have been on isolated roads and in remote locations, but they could occur in metropolitan areas. There is also a heightened risk of indiscriminate attacks on police and security infrastructure, which may affect bystanders. A number of states have imposed curfews. Be cautious about travelling in remote areas at night and follow local news and information outlets.

Secessionist groups are active in the south-east and attacks and violent clashes often occur with the military and other security forces. Although foreign nationals are not normally targeted, there is a risk you could be caught in an attack. A period of civil disobedience is expected from 15-19 December. Some previous protests have turned violent.  Anyone travelling to the region should exercise increased caution and continue to follow FCDO travel advice. Monitor local government announcements and media reporting.

South West Nigeria

Violent crime such as mugging, kidnapping, car-jacking and armed robberies are common, particularly in the larger cities . Large-scale attacks are rare, but Islamic State West Africa claimed 2 attacks in 2022. Intercommunal violence is common. While these attacks have not targeted foreign nationals, try to avoid being caught up in such incidents.

Be alert and take any security advice given by your hotel, employer or your hosts.

Nigeria borders

The Nigeria-Niger land border has been closed by the Nigerian authorities in response to the political situation in Niger. Additional checks are in place at the Nigeria-Benin, Nigeria-Niger and Nigeria-Cameroon land borders. If you’re planning to make a land crossing from Nigeria, check with the local authorities for the latest information before travelling.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 112 to report an emergency.

There is no national ambulance service and hospital-owned services are extremely limited. You may need to get local advice or arrange local transport.

Contact your insurance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Nigeria guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

There are ongoing outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria in 2023. You can find more information from TravelHealthPro .

Pharmacies are widely available in Nigeria. They will accept prescriptions from the UK.

Most medicines that require a prescription from a doctor in the UK will require one in Nigeria. If possible, bring a prescription from your GP for a local doctor to copy.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in Nigeria

FCDO has a list of doctors in Nigeria . 

Medical standards differ from the UK and you will have to pay for any medical treatment that you receive at public hospitals. Private hospitals are more expensive. Local hospitals may be crowded and there can be shortages in medical supplies and equipment.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Nigeria

Telephone: 112 (ambulance, fire, police)

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans , including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding  lawyers and  funeral directors  in Nigeria
• dealing with a  death in Nigeria
• being  arrested in Nigeria
• getting help if you’re a  victim of crime
• what to do if you’re  in hospital
• if you’re affected by a crisis , such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

Help abroad in an emergency

If you’re in Nigeria and you need emergency help from the UK government, contact the British High Commission in Abuja or the Deputy High Commission in Lagos.

You can also contact FCDO online .

FCDO in London

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)

Find out about call charges

Risk information for British companies

The  Overseas Business Risk service  offers information and advice for British companies operating overseas on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

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Nigeria Travel Guide – Everything You Need to Know

Welcome to the vibrant world of tourism in Nigeria! This West African nation, known for its diverse culture, natural beauty, and warm hospitality, invites you to explore a tapestry of experiences. From bustling cities to lush rainforests, pristine beaches to ancient traditions, Nigeria offers a rich and multifaceted journey that promises unforgettable moments at every turn. Join us as we embark on a virtual tour through the heart of Nigeria’s tourism gems.

What’s the Best Time to Visit? 📅

The best time to visit Nigeria as a tourist largely depends on the specific regions you plan to explore and your preferred weather conditions. Nigeria experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Here’s a general guideline for when to visit:

• This is generally considered the best time to visit Nigeria for tourism.
• The weather is relatively dry and cooler, making it comfortable for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
• Coastal areas like Lagos and Calabar are especially pleasant during this period.
• The Harmattan is a dry and dusty trade wind that blows across West Africa during this time.
• While it can create hazy conditions and reduced visibility, it also provides cooler temperatures and lower humidity levels.
• The Harmattan can be a unique experience for some travelers, but it’s essential to be prepared for dust and limited visibility in certain regions.
• The wet season in Nigeria brings heavy rains and high humidity, especially from June to September.
• While the countryside becomes lush and green, making it an excellent time for wildlife viewing in national parks, the rains can also lead to flooding and challenging travel conditions in some areas.
• Coastal regions, such as Lagos and Port Harcourt, may experience heavy rainfall during this period.
• If you’re interested in experiencing Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage and vibrant festivals, check the calendar for specific events.
• Festivals like the Osun-Osogbo Festival and the Durbar Festival often take place at specific times of the year and offer unique cultural experiences.
• Safari and Wildlife Viewing: For wildlife enthusiasts, the dry season (November to March) is ideal for visiting national parks like Yankari Game Reserve and Gashaka-Gumti National Park for optimal wildlife sightings.

Keep in mind that Nigeria’s climate can vary from region to region due to its size and diverse geography. Northern areas tend to have a hotter and drier climate, while coastal regions are more humid. Always check the specific weather conditions and travel advisories for the areas you plan to visit, as Nigeria’s climate can be unpredictable, and rainfall patterns may shift from year to year.

What’s the Best Way to Get Around? 🚌

Getting around Nigeria as a tourist can be an adventure in itself, as the country is vast and diverse with various transportation options. The choice of transportation largely depends on your itinerary and budget. Here are some of the best ways to get around Nigeria:

• For long-distance travel between major cities, consider taking domestic flights. Nigeria has several airports, and flying can save you significant travel time.
• Major domestic airlines like Arik Air, Air Peace, and Dana Air offer services between major cities.
• Intercity buses are a popular and affordable way to travel between cities and towns. Companies like God is Good Motors (GIGM), ABC Transport, and Peace Mass Transit offer comfortable and air-conditioned buses.
• However, be prepared for potentially long travel times due to road conditions and traffic congestion.
• In urban areas like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt, you can use traditional taxis or ride-sharing apps like Uber and Bolt (formerly Taxify) for convenient and reasonably priced transportation.
• Renting a car can provide flexibility and convenience, especially if you plan to explore multiple locations. Several international and local car rental agencies operate in Nigeria.
• Be aware of traffic rules and road conditions, and make sure you have proper documentation, including an international driving permit if required.
• Motorcycles, known as “okadas,” are a common mode of transportation, especially for short distances within cities. However, they may not always be the safest option, so exercise caution and wear a helmet if you choose this mode of transport.
• While Nigeria’s rail network is not as extensive as some other countries, there are train services available between certain cities. The Abuja-Kaduna railway and Lagos-Ibadan railway are among the notable routes.
• In some cities, you’ll find “keke napep” or commercial tricycles as a mode of transport for short distances. They are slower but can navigate congested urban areas efficiently.
• In cities and towns, walking can be a great way to explore local neighborhoods, markets, and cultural attractions. Be cautious of traffic and stay hydrated, especially in hot weather.
• In coastal regions and areas with waterways, boats and ferries may be a necessary means of transport. Lagos, for example, has a network of waterways served by ferries.

When using public transportation, be prepared for potential delays, especially during peak travel times and in congested cities. Plan your routes in advance, and consider booking transportation tickets (e.g., bus tickets or domestic flights) ahead of time, especially during busy travel seasons. Always check the latest travel advisories and safety recommendations for the specific regions you plan to visit in Nigeria.

What’s the Official Language?

Official Language: The official language of Nigeria is English . English serves as the lingua franca for communication between the country’s numerous ethnic groups, making it widely understood and used for official purposes, education, and business throughout Nigeria.

Here are some basic English words and phrases that can be useful for tourists in Nigeria:

• Hello – Hello
• Good morning – Good morning
• Good afternoon – Good afternoon
• Good evening – Good evening
• Goodbye – Goodbye
• Yes – Yes
• No – No
• Please – Please
• Thank you – Thank you
• Excuse me / Sorry – Excuse me / Sorry
• How are you? – How are you?
• I’m lost – I’m lost
• Where is…? – Where is…?
• How much does this cost? – How much does this cost?
• I need help – I need help
• I’m a tourist – I’m a tourist
• Can you recommend a restaurant? – Can you recommend a restaurant?
• Bathroom – Bathroom
• Water – Water
• Food – Food
• Hotel – Hotel
• Airport – Airport
• Bus station – Bus station
• Train station – Train station
• Taxi – Taxi
• Hospital – Hospital
• Police – Police

While English is widely spoken and understood, especially in urban areas and among educated Nigerians, Nigeria is a diverse country with hundreds of indigenous languages. Learning a few basic phrases in the local language of the region you are visiting can be a gesture of respect and may enhance your interactions with locals. Some common Nigerian languages include Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa, depending on the region.

Remember that pronunciation and accents can vary, so don’t be discouraged if there are slight differences in the way people speak English in different parts of Nigeria. Nigerians are generally welcoming and appreciative when tourists make an effort to communicate in English or their local languages.

Where to Stay? 🏨

Nigeria offers a wide range of accommodation options for tourists, catering to various budgets and preferences. The choice of where to stay largely depends on your travel itinerary and the type of experience you seek. Here are some popular accommodation options for tourists in Nigeria:

• Major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt have a variety of hotels, ranging from budget to luxury. You can find international hotel chains as well as locally owned and boutique hotels.
• Luxury hotels often offer additional amenities such as swimming pools, fitness centers, and on-site restaurants.
• Guesthouses and B&Bs provide a more intimate and personalized accommodation experience. They are often found in urban areas and some tourist destinations.
• These options are suitable for travelers seeking a more homely atmosphere.
• Serviced apartments are available in major cities and are a good choice for longer stays or for travelers who prefer the comforts of home. They come with kitchen facilities and housekeeping services.
• Nigeria has several coastal and inland resorts, particularly in areas like Lagos, Calabar, and the Niger Delta region. These resorts offer relaxation, water sports, and entertainment facilities.
• In natural and wildlife-rich areas, eco-lodges provide a sustainable and immersive experience. Consider staying in an eco-lodge in places like Obudu Cattle Ranch or Yankari Game Reserve.
• Hostels can be found in urban areas and are budget-friendly options for backpackers and budget-conscious travelers. They often have dormitory-style rooms or private rooms with shared facilities.
• In remote and scenic locations like national parks, you can find camping and glamping options for a unique outdoor experience. Some of these provide tents or cabins with basic amenities.
• In cities, you can often find vacation rentals and Airbnb listings, providing you with the comfort of a home away from home.
• Some regions offer homestay experiences where you can stay with local families, gaining insights into their daily lives and culture.

When choosing accommodation in Nigeria, consider factors such as location, amenities, safety, and reviews from other travelers. Booking in advance is advisable, especially during peak tourist seasons. Additionally, it’s a good idea to have a local SIM card with data to assist with navigation and communication during your travels in Nigeria.

What to Eat? 🍽️

Nigerian cuisine is known for its rich flavors, diverse ingredients, and vibrant dishes. As a tourist in Nigeria, trying the local food is an integral part of experiencing the culture. Here are some must-try Nigerian dishes:

• Jollof Rice: Jollof rice is a beloved West African dish made from rice cooked in a flavorful tomato-based sauce with spices, vegetables, and often meat or seafood. It’s a staple at celebrations and gatherings.
• Pounded Yam and Egusi Soup: Pounded yam is a starchy side dish often served with hearty soups like egusi (made from ground melon seeds) or vegetable soup. You use the pounded yam to scoop up the soup.
• Suya: Suya is a popular street food made of skewered and grilled meat (typically beef, chicken, or goat) coated in a spicy peanut sauce. It’s a delicious and savory snack.
• Chinchinga: Similar to suya, chinchinga is a Ghanaian-style grilled meat skewer found in northern Nigeria. It’s seasoned with spices and served with a spicy pepper sauce.
• Amala and Ewedu Soup: Amala is a smooth, dark, and thick yam or cassava-based swallow served with a green and slimy ewedu soup made from jute leaves. It’s a common dish in southwestern Nigeria.
• Akara: Akara are deep-fried bean cakes made from black-eyed peas or cowpeas. They are crispy on the outside and soft on the inside, often served as a snack or breakfast.
• Moi Moi: Moi moi is a steamed bean pudding made from black-eyed peas, onions, and spices. It’s often served as a side dish or main course and can be customized with vegetables and proteins.
• Pepper Soup: Nigerian pepper soup is a spicy and flavorful broth made with a variety of meats (goat, chicken, or fish), aromatic spices, and a generous amount of chili pepper. It’s known for its bold taste.
• Plantain: Try fried plantains, known as dodo, as a side dish or snack. You can also try plantain chips for a crispy treat.
• Ghanaian Waakye: Waakye is a Ghanaian dish made from rice and beans cooked together. It’s often served with a variety of toppings, including fried fish, eggs, and a spicy pepper sauce.
• Chapman: Chapman is a refreshing Nigerian cocktail made with a mix of fruit juices, soda, and bitters. It’s a popular drink at social gatherings and restaurants.
• Shawarma: Shawarma stalls are common in Nigerian cities, serving this Middle Eastern-inspired street food. It typically consists of thinly sliced meat (chicken or beef), vegetables, and sauces wrapped in flatbread.
• Snacks: Explore Nigerian snacks like puff-puff (deep-fried dough), akamu (fermented maize pudding), and meat pies available at street vendors.

Nigerian cuisine is diverse, with regional variations, so be sure to try local specialties wherever you go. Nigerian food can be quite spicy, so if you’re sensitive to heat, don’t forget to ask for milder versions when ordering. Enjoy the vibrant flavors and culinary delights of Nigeria during your visit!

What to See? 🔍

Nigeria is a country rich in cultural heritage, natural beauty, and historical significance. As a tourist, there are several must-see places and attractions across the country. Here are some of the top destinations to visit in Nigeria:

• Explore Nigeria’s modern capital city, Abuja, known for its contemporary architecture, including the stunning National Mosque and National Christian Centre.
• Don’t miss Aso Rock, a massive geological formation, and the Jabi Lake, which offers recreational activities.
• Visit Lagos, Nigeria’s economic and cultural center. Explore Victoria Island, Lekki Conservation Centre, and the historic district of Badagry.
• Relax on beautiful beaches like Tarkwa Bay and Elegushi Beach.
• Climb the ancient Olumo Rock in Abeokuta, Ogun State, which holds historical and spiritual significance for the local people.
• Discover the ancient Benin Kingdom’s history at the Benin City National Museum and the Royal Palace, known for its impressive bronze artwork.
• Explore the historic streets of the city and its fascinating street art.
• Marvel at Zuma Rock, often referred to as “Gateway to Abuja,” a massive monolith that dominates the landscape.
• Go on a safari adventure in Yankari Game Reserve, where you can spot elephants, lions, and a variety of wildlife.
• Relax in natural warm springs within the reserve.
• Visit the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its ancient sculptures, shrines, and sacred art.
• Explore the ancient city of Kano, known for its historic architecture, including the Great Mosque and the Emir’s Palace.
• Visit Kurmi Market, one of West Africa’s largest markets.
• Experience the rich culture of Calabar, known for the annual Calabar Carnival.
• Explore the serene Kwa Falls and visit the historic slave trade sites.
• Discover the ancient Nok culture by visiting the Nok Village archaeological site, known for its terracotta sculptures and artifacts.
• Hike to Awhum Waterfall in Enugu State, a picturesque natural attraction surrounded by lush greenery.
• Enjoy the cascading beauty of Erin Ijesha Waterfall in Osun State, a popular spot for hiking and picnics.
• Explore the mysterious Ogbunike Caves, a UNESCO Heritage site, known for its unique rock formations and spiritual significance.
• Visit the scenic Obudu Mountain Resort, known for its cable cars, hiking trails, and stunning views of the Cross River.
• Hike to the top of Idanre Hills, a historic and picturesque site offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

These are just a few of the many incredible places to visit in Nigeria. The country’s diversity in culture, landscapes, and history offers something for every traveler, from vibrant cities to serene natural wonders and ancient cultural sites. Be sure to check local travel advisories and safety guidelines before planning your visit.

What to Do? 📸

As a tourist in Nigeria, there are a plethora of exciting and enriching activities to experience. Here are some must-do things to make the most of your visit:

• Explore Local Cuisine: Sample the diverse and flavorful Nigerian cuisine. Try jollof rice, suya, pounded yam and egusi soup, moi moi, and other local dishes. Don’t forget to try street food and snacks from local vendors.
• Attend a Cultural Festival: If your visit coincides with a cultural festival or event, make sure to attend. Festivals like the Calabar Carnival and Osun-Osogbo Festival offer vibrant cultural experiences.
• Visit Art Galleries and Museums: Explore Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage by visiting art galleries and museums. The National Museum in Lagos and Benin City National Museum are excellent places to start.
• Go on a Safari: Embark on a safari adventure in Yankari Game Reserve or Cross River National Park to spot diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and rare bird species.
• Hike and Explore Nature: Nigeria offers beautiful natural landscapes. Hike to waterfalls like Erin Ijesha and Awhum or climb ancient rocks like Olumo Rock and Zuma Rock.
• Attend a Nollywood Movie Premiere: Experience Nigeria’s vibrant film industry by attending a Nollywood movie premiere or visiting a local cinema.
• Learn Traditional Arts and Crafts: Take the opportunity to learn about traditional Nigerian crafts like bead-making, pottery, weaving, and woodcarving by visiting local artisans.
• Relax on Pristine Beaches: Nigeria’s coastline boasts some beautiful beaches. Relax on the shores of Tarkwa Bay, Elegushi Beach, or Takwa Bay Beach.
• Shop at Local Markets: Explore bustling markets like Kurmi Market in Kano, Ogbete Market in Enugu, and Art and Craft Market in Abuja. Bargain for unique souvenirs, fabrics, and handicrafts.
• Attend a Nigerian Wedding: If you’re invited to a traditional Nigerian wedding, don’t miss the opportunity to witness the vibrant celebrations, music, and colorful attire.
• Take a Boat Ride: Enjoy a scenic boat ride in locations like Lagos Lagoon, the Niger Delta, or through the mangroves in the Niger Delta.
• Visit Historic Sites: Explore historical sites like the ancient city of Benin, the slave trade routes in Calabar, and the Nok Village archaeological site.
• Learn a Local Dance: Join a local dance class to learn popular Nigerian dances like the Azonto, Shaku Shaku, and Zanku.
• Experience Lagos Nightlife: Lagos has a vibrant nightlife scene. Explore clubs, bars, and live music venues in Victoria Island and Lekki.
• Attend a Nigerian Football Match: If you’re a sports enthusiast, attend a Nigerian football (soccer) match to experience the passion and enthusiasm of local fans.
• Visit a Sufi Shrine: Experience the spiritual and musical traditions of Nigeria by visiting a Sufi shrine and witnessing Sufi music performances.
• Engage with Local Communities: Connect with local communities, interact with residents, and learn about their way of life. Participate in cultural exchange programs or volunteer opportunities.
• Learn About Indigenous Languages: Familiarize yourself with common phrases in Nigerian languages like Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa to enhance your interactions with locals.
• Explore Nigeria’s Music Scene: Nigeria is known for its vibrant music scene. Attend live music performances, especially Afrobeat and Highlife music concerts.
• Practice Responsible Tourism: Respect local customs, traditions, and the environment. Engage in responsible tourism practices to leave a positive impact on the communities you visit.

Nigeria offers a wealth of experiences for travelers, from cultural immersion to thrilling adventures. Make the most of your trip by embracing the country’s diversity and warmth.

Culture and Safety 🦺

Traveling to Nigeria can be an enriching experience, but it’s essential to be mindful of the local culture and safety considerations. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

• Respect Local Customs: Nigeria is a culturally diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups. Respect the customs and traditions of the local people, especially when visiting rural areas and communities.
• Greetings: Common greetings include “Good morning” and “Good afternoon.” Handshakes are a common form of greeting, but it’s a good practice to wait for the other person to initiate physical contact.
• Dress Modestly: Nigeria is a conservative country, especially in the northern regions. Dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees, when in public places and religious sites. In some communities, wearing shorts or revealing clothing may be considered disrespectful.
• Religious Respect: Nigeria has a significant Muslim and Christian population. Be respectful of religious practices, especially during prayer times and religious festivals. Dress modestly when visiting mosques or churches.
• Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people or their property, as some individuals may not be comfortable with photography.
• Food Etiquette: Nigerian cuisine is diverse and delicious. When eating with your hands (common for some dishes), use your right hand, as the left is considered unclean. It’s customary to wash your hands before and after meals.
• Travel Advisories: Check for travel advisories from your government and local authorities before planning your trip to Nigeria. Stay updated on the current security situation, especially in specific regions.
• Health Precautions: Consult with a travel clinic for recommended vaccinations and health precautions before traveling to Nigeria. Malaria is a risk in many parts of the country, so take necessary precautions.
• Local Laws: Familiarize yourself with local laws and regulations. Respect Nigerian customs rules, visa requirements, and traffic laws. Note that drug offenses can result in severe penalties.
• Transportation Safety: Be cautious when using public transportation, especially in congested urban areas. Opt for reputable transportation providers, and if possible, arrange for transportation in advance.
• Security: Nigeria has experienced security challenges in certain regions. Stay informed about the security situation, especially in areas with active conflicts. Follow local advice on safety and security.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Be aware of cultural norms and practices, especially when discussing sensitive topics. Avoid discussing religion and politics with strangers.
• Travel Insurance: Consider purchasing comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and personal belongings.
• Communication: Keep copies of important documents like your passport, visa, and travel insurance in a secure location, and share your itinerary with a trusted person back home.
• Local Advice: Seek advice from locals and your accommodations regarding safety and current conditions in the area.

While Nigeria offers a rich cultural experience and many attractions, it’s essential to exercise caution, be respectful of local customs, and stay informed about safety conditions. By taking these precautions, you can have a safe and enjoyable visit to Nigeria.

As your journey through Nigeria comes to an end, you’ll leave with cherished memories of a land where culture, history, and natural wonders converge. The warmth of its people, the rhythm of its music, and the flavors of its cuisine will stay with you long after your visit. Nigeria, a nation of diversity and vibrancy, eagerly awaits your return to uncover more of its hidden treasures. Until then, safe travels and “Kedu!” (welcome) to Nigeria.

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Nigeria Travel Guide: Where Tradition Meets Modernity

Nigeria, often dubbed the “Giant of Africa,” is a land teeming with diverse cultures, stunning landscapes, and a rich tapestry of experiences waiting to be discovered. Whether you’re an adrenaline junkie looking for your next adventure, a foodie with a love for exotic flavors, or a history buff in search of ancient traditions, Nigeria has something to offer.

Table of Contents

Why Visit Nigeria?

Natural beauty.

From the rolling hills of Jos to the stunning beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, Nigeria is a country of diverse landscapes. Nature lovers will find solace in the Obudu Mountain Resort, while those who are more beach-oriented can explore places like Tarkwa Bay in Lagos.

Cultural Heritage

Nigeria is a melting pot of cultures, with over 250 ethnic groups and a rich array of festivals, art, and traditions. Experience the grandeur of the Osun-Osogbo Festival or immerse yourself in the unique tapestry of languages, music, and dance that make Nigeria a cultural wonderland.

Adventure and Activities

If you are looking for adventure, Nigeria offers a variety of outdoor activities. Go hiking in the Aso Rock formations, take a canoe trip down the Niger River, or explore the bustling markets of Kano. The possibilities for adventure are endless.

Top Destinations in Nigeria

Often referred to as the “New York of Africa,” Lagos offers an exhilarating blend of commerce, art, and beachside beauty. Whether you’re haggling at the Lekki Market or soaking in contemporary African art at the Nike Art Gallery, Lagos offers an eclectic range of experiences for every traveler.

Far from the chaos of Lagos lies Abuja, the capital city designed with purpose and grandeur. Here, you can stroll through the manicured Millennium Park, marvel at the architectural wonders like the National Mosque and the National Assembly, and enjoy the peaceful atmosphere that sets this city apart.

If you’re a history buff or a nature lover, Calabar is your ideal destination. Known for its historical slave trade centers and the annual Calabar Carnival, this city offers a mix of educational and entertaining experiences. The nearby Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary adds to its appeal for nature enthusiasts.

Step back in time with a visit to Kano, one of Africa’s oldest trading centers. With attractions like the 14th-century Kano City Walls and the vibrant Kurmi Market, Kano offers a deeply enriching experience that provides insights into traditional Nigerian life and history.

Traditional Nigerian Cuisine

Jollof rice.

This iconic West African dish is more than just a meal; it’s a symbol of unity and celebration. Made with rice, tomatoes, and a variety of spices, Nigerian Jollof Rice is often the star attraction at social gatherings and family events.

Pounded Yam and Egusi

Dive into the heart of Nigerian comfort food with Pounded Yam served alongside Egusi soup. The yam is boiled, pounded until stretchy, and served with a thick, melon seed-based soup. It’s a hearty meal that showcases the rich textures and flavors of Nigerian cuisine.

Meat lovers, rejoice! Suya is a popular Nigerian street food made from skewered and grilled meat, usually beef or chicken, that’s been marinated in a spicy peanut mixture. The smoky flavor and spicy kick make it a favorite among locals and tourists alike.

This deep-fried delicacy is made from ground black-eyed peas mixed with spices and onions. Often enjoyed as a snack or breakfast item, Akara is a testament to the versatility of Nigerian ingredients.

A savory steamed bean pudding, Moi Moi is rich in flavors and often includes ingredients like bell peppers, onions, and eggs. Whether eaten alone or as a side dish, it offers a different way to enjoy legumes.

A staple in many Nigerian homes, Fufu is a soft, stretchy, and starchy accompaniment made from various ingredients like cassava, yams, or plantains. It’s commonly served with soups and stews, providing a balanced meal that’s deeply rooted in Nigerian culinary traditions.

Grilled plantains, known locally as Boli, offer a sweet and smoky flavor that complements various kinds of meat and fish. Often found at roadside grills, Boli is a simple yet delicious dish that gives you a true taste of Nigerian street food.

Ofada Rice and Ayamase Sauce

A local variety of rice served with a spicy green pepper sauce, this dish is a staple in southwestern Nigeria. The unique, nutty flavor of Ofada rice pairs perfectly with the heat of the Ayamase sauce, making it a must-try for those seeking authentic Nigerian flavors.

Dry Season (November to April)

If you prefer sunny days and lower humidity, the dry season is an ideal time for outdoor adventures and sightseeing. This is the best time to explore northern Nigeria and participate in desert safaris, as well as visit historical landmarks without the hindrance of rain.

Rainy Season (May to October)

Although the rainy season brings with it higher humidity and frequent showers, it’s the prime time to experience Nigeria’s lush landscapes. The scenery is at its most vibrant, and the rivers and waterfalls are in full flow. Consider it if you’re an avid nature lover or a photographer seeking to capture the beauty of the land.

Festival Seasons

Nigeria boasts a variety of cultural festivals year-round, such as the Osun-Osogbo Festival in August or the Argungu Fishing Festival in March. If you’re keen on experiencing Nigeria’s rich cultural tapestry, planning your visit around these events would offer an invaluable experience.

Harmattan Period (Late November to February)

This period is characterized by dry, dusty winds from the Sahara Desert. While the Harmattan gives the atmosphere a unique haze, it can also be harsh on the skin and respiratory system. It’s a unique time to visit, but those with certain health considerations should take precautions.

Public Holidays

Nigeria has numerous public holidays, including religious and national celebrations like Eid and Independence Day. While these occasions are culturally enriching, they could also mean closures of certain amenities and crowded public spaces.

Practical Tips for Traveling to Nigeria

Currency and payment methods.

The official currency of Nigeria is the Nigerian Naira (NGN). While credit and debit cards are increasingly accepted in major cities like Lagos and Abuja, cash remains king in many places, especially in rural areas. Currency exchange services are available in banks, hotels, and dedicated exchange bureaus. ATMs are widely available, but it’s advisable to use those in well-lit, secure areas.

Nigerian Naira current exchange rates

• 100.000 NGN = $75.46 or $1 = 1,325.13  Nigerian Naira
• 100.000 NGN = €70.72 or €1 = 1,413.96  Nigerian Naira

Other currencies:

• 100.000 NGN = 60.42 British Pounds
• 100.000 NGN = 116.43 Australian Dollar
• 100.000 NGN = 103.94 Canadian Dollar
• 100.000 NGN = 830.99 Swedish Krona
• 100.000 NGN = 307.08 Polish Zloty
• 100.000 NGN = 1,779.27 Czech Koruna
• 100.000 NGN = 104,583.24 South Korean Won
• 100.000 NGN = 546.44 Chinese Yuan
• 100.000 NGN = 11,917.25 Japanese Yen

Safety Considerations

While Nigeria offers numerous attractions and rich cultural experiences, it’s essential to be mindful of safety. Stick to well-traveled routes, avoid traveling at night, and always keep your belongings secure. Tourists are advised to stay updated on local news and advisories.

Health Precautions

Malaria is prevalent in Nigeria, so prophylactic medication is strongly recommended. Ensure all your vaccinations are up to date, and consider carrying a basic first-aid kit. Tap water is generally not safe for drinking, so bottled or boiled water is advisable.

Local Etiquette and Customs

Understanding basic Nigerian customs and etiquette can enrich your experience. For example, it’s considered polite to greet elders with a slight bow or lowering of the body. Also, using your left hand to give or receive items is often viewed as disrespectful.

Transportation

Nigeria has a diverse range of transportation options, from domestic flights connecting major cities to local “Keke” tricycles for short distances. However, road conditions can vary, and traffic in cities like Lagos can be challenging.

Communication and Connectivity

English is the official language, making it easier for most tourists to communicate. Mobile data and Wi-Fi are widely available in urban areas, though network coverage can be spotty in rural regions.

Useful Websites

• Nigeria Immigration Service – The official site for visa and immigration information, highly useful for understanding entry requirements and obtaining necessary travel documents.
• Travel Advisories – U.S. Department of State’s travel advisory page for Nigeria, a must-check for up-to-date safety information and advisories.
• TripAdvisor Nigeria Forum – A community-driven forum that offers real experiences, tips, and advice from other travelers who have visited Nigeria.
• Naija Nomads – A travel blog focused on Nigeria and other destinations, great for discovering off-the-beaten-path attractions and local experiences.
• Hotels.ng – A reliable platform for booking hotels in Nigeria, offering a variety of options from budget to luxury accommodations.
• Nairaland Forum – A widely-used Nigerian forum where you can find discussions about various travel-related topics, including transportation, accommodation, and things to do.
• Eat Drink Lagos – A blog devoted to the food scene in Lagos, invaluable for foodies looking to explore local cuisine.
• Weather.com Nigeria – For current weather forecasts in various Nigerian cities, helping you pack and plan accordingly.
• Nigeria Airports – The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria’s site, useful for information about airport facilities, flights, and other logistical details.
• Jumia Travel – A platform for not only booking hotels but also flights within and to Nigeria, helpful for budget planning.

From its diverse landscapes and vibrant cities to its rich cultural tapestry and delectable cuisine, Nigeria offers a travel experience that is both unique and enriching. Whether you’re an adventure seeker, a history enthusiast, or someone simply looking to immerse yourself in a new culture, Nigeria has something for everyone. By understanding the best times to visit, taking note of practical travel tips, and exploring the country’s top destinations, you can make the most out of your Nigerian journey. While the country presents its own set of challenges, the rewards are many — a lifetime of memories, new friendships, and a deeper understanding of one of Africa’s most dynamic nations.

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• Introducing Nigeria
• Destination highlights

The highlight of travelling in Nigeria is meeting these culturally rich people; practically any person in any corner of Nigeria will offer a moment of their time to say ‘Welcome’. Lizzie Williams , author of Nigeria: the Bradt Guide

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, is often dominated by impressions of Lagos, a chaotic and traffic-heavy city. Yet look deeper within and beyond this metropolis and you’ll discover a vibrant country of generous people, ancient cultures and an impressive natural heritage. From roadblocks where policemen wear bandanas and mirrored sunglasses, to ladies going to church in the most beautiful dresses you’ve ever seen; from plane-loads of wealthy Nigerians going to Dubai on shopping trips, to people so poor they resort to eating rats and maggots; from black-magic markets full of weird charms, to more cell phones than perhaps anywhere else in the world.

In the waterlogged south of the country are deltas and lagoons where people’s lives haven’t changed for hundreds of years, and in the north are ancient kingdoms and walled cities, even today ruled by sultans and emirs. Love it or hate it, Lagos does have to be seen to be believed and nowhere on earth will you experience such mind-boggling, vibrant chaos as in this mass of humanity; explore the colonial town of Calabar and the primate sanctuaries of the Cross River forests; walk through the mysterious Oshogbo Sacred Forest of Yorubaland, a World Heritage Site; relax in Yankari National Park’s startlingly beautiful Wiki Warm Spring;  journey to ancient Islamic cities such as Kano to experience the centuries-old Kurmi Market – and you’ll see there’s much more to Nigeria than its headline notoriety.

Food and drink in Nigeria

Although typical of what is found throughout west Africa, traditional Nigerian food is more diverse because of the number of ethnic groups in the country. It differs between the south and north depending on what food products are available.

As a general rule of thumb, Nigerians are fond of some kind of starchy staple accompanied by an (often spicy) soup – this is actually more like a sauce or relish and is not runny like a soup. They use a lot of palm oil, a reddish coloured oil made from ground palm kernels, and a lot of chillies ground into a red powder (known in Nigeria simply as pepper). The starches include pounded yam, which is boiled yams literally pounded in a giant mortar until the consistency is light and fluffy; it looks a bit like mashed potato.

Others are eba or garri , porridges made from pounded cassava; amala , ground yam peels, which are boiled into a stiff paste and have a darker brown colour; and semovita , made from maize flour, another mashed-potato-looking concoction and similar to mealie meal or pap eaten all over eastern and southern Africa. Most of these starch-based staples have little taste and are very bland, and some have a fairly slimy texture, but they are cheap and filling and soak up the flavour of the sauce that comes with them. Alternatively you can opt for rice, which is served plain or cooked with peppers and palm oil; the latter is called jollof rice , which is bright orange, fairly hot and very tasty.

Most of the soups are made with lots of palm oil and some meat-based stock, and a few pieces of your chosen meat are plonked on top. Nigeria is renowned for its fiery obe ata (pepper soup), which effectively is the country’s national dish; it’s a thick sauce made by boiling tomatoes, ground pepper, meat or fish broth, onions, palm oil and other spices. A Nigerian must-do is to try dried fish, beef or chicken pepper soup with your choice of starch and be prepared for your eyeballs to melt and your nose to explode, though you may choose to pass on the hugely popular isiewu (goat’s head pepper soup) – every part of the goat’s head is swimming around in it.

Other soups include the tasty egusi soup , made from ground melon seeds and bitter leaf (a sort of spinach); okra soup , made from okra, also known as ladies’ fingers; draw soup , made from palm nuts, which is horribly slimy and viciously hot and is so called because the spices are ‘drawn’ out; and groundnut soup , which is made from peanuts and lends a slight satay flavour to the sauce.

You can add additional meat to these meals, which usually consists of a few pieces of very tough beef or goat, cooked dried fish with its head still intact, or a piece of chicken; the last ranges from delicious KFC-styled fried chicken to a piece of bone with hardly any flesh on that has been boiled dry. It’s worth remembering that you’ll get very good or very bad versions of these meals; there is often no way of telling which it’s going to be. Nevertheless, if you’re lucky you’ll get a big plate of steaming starch, tasty soup and tender meat. If there’s also dodo on the menu add this – it’s a delicious dish of fried plantains.

Fish, meat, vegetables

Because of the prevalence of tsetse fly, cattle are scarce in the coastal regions, so consequently more fish are eaten in the south, while meat is more popular in the north. Look out for suya , which is delicious barbecued beef on sticks, though you can also get offal and goat suya , and kilishi , spiced dried meat that is very thinly sliced and dried outside in the sun. You’ll often see bushmeat on the menu, which is considered a delicacy. Sometimes it’s antelope that’s unfortunately been poached out of the countryside, but more often than not it’s grasscutters (cane rats) or giant rubbery snails called igbin.

Vegetables such as onions, tomatoes, bitter leaf and yam are plentiful throughout Nigeria, though more exotic vegetables can be found in Lagos and the markets of the bigger cities. Outside Lagos we only really saw potatoes (and chips) on the menu in the north. Strangely given the dry climate, we also found more salads in the north, and they were surprisingly delicious, with lettuce, onions and tomatoes, a spattering of tinned baked beans, hard-boiled eggs and a big dollop of mayonnaise.

Fruit is plentiful and bananas, mangos and slices of fresh pineapple, or even coconut, are often seen on the side of the road, as are imported apples and sometimes pears from South Africa. Dairy products are scarce and you are unlikely to see cheese apart from in the posh restaurants on Victoria Island, though tinned condensed milk, milk powder and canned margarine are available. One brand of margarine that’s popular is Blue Band, about which one reader said, ‘I didn’t entirely trust a food product that doesn’t go off when kept in a warm cupboard for a year. My suspicion is that Blue Band is actually a form of spreadable plastic.’

Vegetarian food

Nigerians are largely meat eaters, and there are very few specific vegetarian dishes on restaurant menus. However, there are some exceptions. In the southeastern regions where meat is rare, beans are used to supplement protein in soups, and throughout the country moin-moin , or bean cakes with a slightly gelatinous texture about them, are popular snacks and are usually wrapped up in banana leaves. Vegetarians must be aware that while most soups are made with palm oil and vegetables (with the selected piece of meat added afterwards), the stock is often still meat-based, so ensure you ask first. This is even the case of efo , a wholly vegetable soup, which sometimes also has a meat-based gravy.

Starting with the obvious, international branded soft drinks such as Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite and Schweppes lemon are available everywhere, from roadside stalls to buckets on top of people’s heads, and in all the country’s restaurants and bars. They’re not always cold so check first before handing over the N50 or so it costs for a 350ml bottle – you give the bottle back as soon as you have finished. Occasionally you’ll see disposable cans but these are quadruple the price of a bottle.

There are several brands of locally produced and hugely popular malt drinks in brown bottles; one such drink is brewed by Guinness, and is served very cold. It tastes like a thick, non-alcoholic Guinness. They’re advertised as being very good for you and it’s common to see a couple in a bar with the man drinking a beer and a woman drinking a malt drink.

A drink called Chapmans is hard to find except in the more upmarket restaurants, and is expensive at about N250 for a glass, but is very refreshing; it’s a deep red berry colour and tastes a bit like a non-alcoholic Pimm’s and is made with a good dose of Angostura bitters and either tonic or lemonade with ice and a slice – like lemon or lime bitters. At most motor parks you’ll see men trundling around on bicycles selling chilled, flavoured yoghurt drinks. These taste nice, but I’d give them a wide berth as, despite them being served out of cooler boxes, you have no idea how many times they’ve warmed up in the sun. You’re better off buying these from a supermarket.

Lipton tea bags are readily available, as are small tins of condensed milk, small packets of milk powder and small tins of Nescafé. When ordering tea and coffee in a restaurant, this is what you get, and it invariably comes with bread. If you are unable to speak to anyone in the morning before a caffeine fix, I suggest you bring one of those electric elements you heat water with and a plastic or Thermos mug, as all the ingredients are available in Nigeria.

In a hotel, you may wait for an hour before a simple cup of tea emerges from the hotel kitchen. All over Nigeria in the mornings, on the side of the road and in the motor parks, you’ll see tea-and-bread sellers who serve huge plastic mugs of tea and a hunk of bread, but as they boil the sugar in the water, the tea is exceptionally sweet.

Bottled water is available, though sporadically, so try and buy it when you see it. Expect to pay around N100 for a half-litre bottle. Much more common and sold literally everywhere are half-litre plastic packets of what is known as pure water . Not everyone trusts the purity of pure water and it’s generally believed to be tap water, neatly packaged by pure water packaging machines that are freely advertised in the newspapers for anyone to buy and set up their own pure water business. (One Lebanese businessman I spoke to told me that this is exactly what happens.) Always presume that you are drinking ordinary tap water and not any kind of special mineral water. For this reason I would probably avoid them in Lagos and the bigger cities, where tap water is more likely to be contaminated. One pure water brand I saw in Sokoto was called ‘Acceptable Water’, which says it all.

Except in the northern cities, you won’t have a problem finding alcohol, and there are many excellent brands of locally brewed beer, which are sold in big half-litre re-usable bottles for about N150. The most popular are Star and Gulder; the former has the lighter taste. Big bottles of Guinness are hugely popular, but it’s not served in quite the same way as it is in the emerald isle; you’ll get it very cold and, quite bizarrely, it usually comes with a straw.

It’s brewed to a recipe that keeps the tropical heat from spoiling it, so it’s more strong and bitter than the Irish original. You’ll need to ask for a glass. As Nigerian Breweries is under licence to the Heineken label, you’ll sometimes see cans of Heineken but, as it comes in cans and not re-usable bottles, they are more expensive at around N400–500.

Local drinks include emu , or palm wine, the favourite drink in southern Nigeria, which is a natural sweet, frothy juice with a foul smell. It has to be drunk fresh and is potently alcoholic, and gets more so as the day wears on; administer with care. The distilled version of palm wine is ogogoro , a strong local gin, but it’s very discreetly sold. You’ll sometimes see Gordon’s Spark, which is a Nigerian version of an alcopop made with gin. Imported spirits and wines are expensive and can only be found in upmarket restaurants and hotels, and the few supermarkets dealing in imported goods, and are very rarely seen outside Lagos, Abuja or Port Harcourt.

Health and safety in Nigeria

Nigeria’s poor infrastructure, colossal population, poverty, terrible roads and high crime rate combine to create what can only be described as not a very healthy or safe place to visit. Travelling in tropical Africa exposes us to diseases caused by parasites, bacteria and viruses, some so bizarre we may never have heard of them before. Illnesses are passed around in food and water, or by insects and bugs, and can even be contracted from passing an infected person on the street. Added to this is the high crime rate and manic, highly publicised congestion on the roads.

However, remember that with the right precautions and a sensible attitude, the following events or illnesses are unlikely to trouble you. Getting fully acquainted with them in the first place, and knowing what to do if something goes wrong when you get there, can minimise all Nigeria’s health and safety risks. Prevention is the best way to stay healthy and safe. To put things in perspective, after malaria, which can be prevented by taking the right precautions, the biggest danger for a traveller in Nigeria is being involved in a road accident

Immunisations

Immunisation against yellow fever is essential and proof may be required on entry, and always if you are coming from another yellow fever infected area. There is a real risk of contracting yellow fever so the vaccine would be recommended unless there is a contraindication against having this live vaccine. Most travel clinic experts would then advise against travelling, as the risk of disease is high. Cholera is a risk in high-density urban areas, so if you have time then consider having the oral cholera vaccine (Dukoral), now available in the UK, especially if you have any underlying medical condition or are planning to work in unsanitary conditions.

This palatable berry-flavoured drink is said to offer about 75% protection against the more common strains of cholera. For adults and children six years and over, two doses are needed, taken at least one week but no more than six weeks apart. Ideally the second dose should be taken at least one week before entering an infected area. Two doses of vaccine will provide cover for two years. For children aged two to five, three doses are needed for the same efficacy, but protection lasts only for six months.

Typhoid and hepatitis A and B are present in Nigeria and immunisations are highly recommended. Meningitis and rabies immunisations should also be seriously considered. Routine immunisations, such as for tetanus, diphtheria and polio, should be reviewed and updated. If you do decide to have an armful of jabs, start organising them at least six weeks before departure, and remember that a yellow fever certificate becomes valid only ten days after you’ve had the vaccination.

Travel clinics and health information

A full list of current travel clinic websites worldwide is available on www.istm.org . For other journey preparation information, consult www.travelhealthpro.org.uk  (UK) or http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/ (US). Information about various medications may be found on www.netdoctor.co.uk/travel . All advice found online should be used in conjunction with expert advice received prior to or during travel.

Road accidents

Bugs, bowel movements and tropical diseases aside, your safety during any trip to Nigeria is most likely to be endangered by getting around by road. Traffic everywhere, and most infamously in Lagos, is one big aggressive snarl-up. The city roads are choked and congested beyond belief, while the highways and expressways between the cities are poorly maintained, and used by manic drivers who have no respect for oncoming traffic.

Road accidents are common, as attested to by the millions of battered vehicles in the country, and by the thousands of mangled buses and cars on the sides of the road. If you are travelling around in a chauffeur-driven car, by overland vehicle or by overcrowded public transport, always exercise caution on the roads. Always be aware of your driver’s road sense as soon as you get in a vehicle – which you should be able to judge pretty quickly. If you are very uncomfortable with his method of driving then stop him, get out of the vehicle and find an alternative one.

Always avoid driving, or being driven, after dark. There are very few street lights, many vehicles do not have headlights, and there’s the added problem of pedestrians and domestic animals on the road. Additionally, though there are countless police roadblocks during the day, there are far fewer at night on the roads and this is when armed robberies of vehicles tend to take place. If you are taking public transport over quite some distance, set off early in the day as you will inevitably have to wait for some time in the motor park for a vehicle that goes-when-full, and you will want to ensure that you reach your destination before dark. I would also not advise you to travel on the so-called ‘luxury’ buses simply because they nearly always travel at night.

Crime and corruption

Nigeria has a reputation for crime and corruption and has more than its fair share of challenges to safety and security – it is advisable always to be security conscious. Things do happen – armed robberies and carjackings are prevalent in Lagos and there is a threat of mugging. More disturbing are the huge numbers of guns in private possession and in the police and armed forces; all are susceptible to bribery and corruption, and thus could provide arms to civilians at the right price. There have also been incidents when the police themselves have been the perpetrators of crime.

Some of the more outlandish crime that occurs in Nigeria is piracy, or armed robbery on ships anchored in Nigerian waters, or the illegal ‘bunkering’ of oil onto ships belonging to other nationalities. It’s also not uncommon for gangs to hijack oilrigs off the coast to extort money from the oil companies. Also be aware that there have been many recent incidents of hostage-taking for ransom, particularly in the Niger Delta, because of local community problems with the oil companies. People working in Nigeria for these companies should be especially vigilant and follow their employer’s security guidelines.

Although it doesn’t produce any drugs of its own, Nigeria is known as a major drug-trafficking country for Asian heroin smuggled to Europe and the USA, and for South American cocaine trafficked to Europe. Nigerian drug organisations are also heavily involved in other criminal activities such as document fabrication, illegal immigration and financial fraud. But Nigerians in Nigeria are generally not drug users.

I live in Cape Town and at the end of my road is a large Nigerian community (a reported one million Nigerians live in South Africa, and three million in the USA, with other large communities in Europe and elsewhere in the world). Some of Cape Town’s Nigerian community, as well as many Capetonians, sell drugs on the street for a living. We never once got offered drugs on the street by a Nigerian in Nigeria.

Many Nigerians complain that the illegal activities of the offending minority have damaged the whole nation’s image. It was also explained to me that most of Nigeria’s criminals were not in Nigeria at all, and made up the huge populations of Nigerians living overseas. These were the people who were capable of forging, stealing or bribing to get passports and visas, and, as illegal immigrants in other countries, resorting to criminal activity to make a living. Despite all this, Nigeria’s awful reputation for crime is largely exaggerated, especially outside Lagos where you will rarely feel threatened or be a victim of crime. Even in Lagos, long-term visitors may never see an ‘Area Boy’ (hoodlum, thief) or someone out of uniform carrying a gun. But always remember that there is a criminal element in Nigeria and keep up your guard.

Petty theft

The culture of cheating is alive and kicking in Nigeria and you are more likely to be cheated out of something than having it simply stolen off you. This was one of the biggest surprises I had in Nigeria. As a seasoned traveller in eastern and southern Africa, where you guard your bags and possessions fiercely, I didn’t feel the need to do this so attentively in Nigeria. Not once did we have anything stolen out of a hotel room, and after the first few outings on public transport when we crouched over our bags jealously, we would quite willingly throw them into the open back of a vehicle surrounded by hundreds of people and go for a wander around a motor park while waiting for the vehicle to go-when-full.

Political risks

There is no doubt that political and religious tensions in Nigeria are high, and there has been a catalogue of riots and violent incidents since the country gained independence in 1960. There is no real science of assessing political risk, though it’s a good idea to check your nationality’s foreign office advice before you leave home and keep a close eye on Nigerian news. Outbreaks of localised civil unrest and violence can occur all over Nigeria without warning. If something does occur while you are in Nigeria, it is unlikely that a traveller will be targeted or involved, and most violent eruptions are based on local ethnic or religious spats.

Potential trouble spots are in the northern cities, and in the Niger Delta where the local communities resent the presence of the multi-national oil companies. Here is the one place where foreigners could be specifically targeted if they are identified (mistakenly or not) as oil employees and at the time of writing the region was pretty much off-limits to foreigners because of a continual spate of kidnappings.

Female travellers

Nigerian women all over the country travel on their own, be it on long journeys by bus or for a short hop on the back of an okada . Every time I jumped on the back of an okada , however, everyone stopped and stared incredulously. But the attention you get stops there, and you will soon get used to having a million pairs of eyes on you. The most prevalent attitude you are going to meet is complete bemusement. Nigerian society is conducted on the street and Nigerians are by character great socialisers and talkers, and they’ll often approach you for a chat.

Almost all of the time it is just out of inquisitiveness and simply just to say ‘Welcome’. Not once did I receive any rude or suggestive comments, and (only!) once was I approached in a bar environment to ask if I wanted company – as happens anywhere in the world. The guy in question left when I declined. But remember to turn down unwanted attention very politely – pride is important for Nigerian men.

One word of advice for women travellers (at least for anyone over the age of 21!) is to say that you are married even if you’re not. This is not for any practical reason; you certainly won’t be asked if you are married to get a hotel room, even in the Muslim north. But if you are over 21 and not married, Nigerians – male and female – will not get it, and you’ll be embroiled in a lengthy and analytical conversation about why you’re not married. Believe me, it’s just easier to say you are. Although there have been occasions in Nigerian history where rape and sexual assault have been prevalent, they have only really occurred during war times when the army has used rape as a weapon against women. Other than that, sexual crime is not common in Nigerian society. Hopefully this is because it doesn’t happen rather than because it’s not being reported.

The most important thing for a woman to consider is to dress modestly, especially in the Muslim north, though despite the strict sharia code, Western women are not expected to cover their hair. This is because many Christians live in the northern cities and wear what they like, though as a visitor it’s always sensible to respect the local customs.

There are other Islamic considerations to take into account: women are generally not welcome at mosques, particularly at prayer times, and as prayers often happen outside mosques or in open prayer compounds at the side of the road or in markets, it is a good idea not to get too close, and under no circumstances should you stop and stare. In the northern cities, my male fellow traveller went to the main Friday prayers to see several thousand men praying in and around the main mosque. It wasn’t appropriate for me to go and he says that all the women in the area simply melted away during prayer time.

Travellers with a disability

Nigeria, like many other African countries, does not cater for the needs of disabled travellers – or even those of its own disabled population. Unfortunately, few establishments, except perhaps the international hotels in larger cities (about three or four at most), have made any considerations for wheelchair users. Even an able-bodied person would have difficulty finding any space at all on public transport, never mind an actual seat, and getting around the congested streets is virtually impossible.

LGBTQ+ travellers

In early 2007, the national assembly deemed homosexual activity illegal in Nigeria. It’s now punishable by up to five years in prison in the south and, under sharia law in the north, possibly by death.

Travel and visas in Nigeria

A passport (valid for at least six months and preferably with several blank pages) and a Nigerian visa are required for entry into the country. Visa exemptions are granted only to citizens of some of Nigeria’s neighbouring west African countries. Nigerian embassies or consulates are located in the capitals of most European, North American and African countries together with Hong Kong, Tokyo and Canberra.

Some countries may have several visa offices (for example Washington, New York and San Francisco in the USA). British consulates often represent Nigerian overseas missions if there is no Nigerian embassy in the country. The two visas visitors are likely to apply for are the short-term tourist visa, valid for a stay of not more than one month (though they are generally extendible to a maximum of three months in-country), or, for those going to work, a business visa, issued to expatriate ‘experts’ to work on specific projects, which is initially valid for three months but can be extended for up to a maximum of six months (if the expat stays long term it can be changed into a long-term residency visa).

When applying for a tourist visa, you need to produce (along with your passport) your return airline ticket, evidence of funds that you will spend in Nigeria (bank or credit card statements), one passport picture, evidence of a hotel booking or a letter from friends or family in Nigeria, a return or onward air ticket if flying on, and the non-refundable fee. The amount differs greatly depending on nationality, but at the time of writing it was US$144 for UK citizens and US$112 for US citizens and it also varies among the issuing authorities.

In most countries you are required to attend the embassy or high commission in person as part of the application for a visa. You also now need to make your application and visa fee payment online to the Nigerian Immigration Service ( www.immigration.gov.ng ) prior to going to the embassy. You will need to take both your printed online application and payment confirmation page as this has your unique ID number. Applications will only be processed with these documents. For business visas you will also need to produce a supporting letter from your employer stating the nature of your business and guaranteeing sufficient financial support for the visit, or alternatively have an invitation letter from the business you are dealing with in Nigeria.

For both visas, some embassies may also require to see your return airline ticket. Generally, visa turnaround is three to seven days but in many countries there’s now an express 24-hour service for an additional fee.

Once you have a visa, ensure that you make a photocopy of it and the passport page with your photograph on it. Some travellers choose to scan and store them at their email address so you can always access your documentation and print it out. For security reasons it is advisable to detail all your important information on one document, photocopy it, leave a copy with family or friends at home and distribute copies through your luggage.

Details might include things like passport and visa number, travel insurance policy details, a 24-hour emergency contact number, and details of relatives or friends to be contacted in case of an emergency. Other guidebooks recommend that you also put credit card details and travellers’ cheque numbers on this document, but this is not the case for Nigeria – not because you aren’t going to be able to use either travellers’ cheques or credit cards anyway, but because of the prevalence of fraud.

Getting there and away

Nigeria’s international airports are Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos; Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano; Port Harcourt International Airport, Port Harcourt; and Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja. Many international airlines operate to and from Nigeria and there are a huge number of flights – not, unfortunately, because lots of tourists are visiting the country, but because many millions of Nigerians want to live anywhere else in the world but Nigeria.

Established airlines serving Nigeria include Air France, British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, Egypt Air, Emirates, Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways, KLM, Lufthansa, South African Airways and Swiss (formerly Swissair), variously offering good connections with London, Paris and Dubai, and a number of Dutch and German cities, as well as with Addis Ababa, Nairobi and Johannesburg in east and southern Africa. From Lagos to London, it’s a six-hour flight. Most airlines fly to Lagos, but British Airways also flies to Abuja, KLM flies between Amsterdam and Abuja and Kano, and Air France flies between Paris and Port Harcourt. Travellers from North America have the option of going via Europe or Delta Air Lines offers a direct service between Atlanta and Lagos while United Airlines has just started direct flights between Houston, Washington DC and Lagos.

You can get to Nigeria by boat or ferry from Cameroon, but this trip is not for the faint-hearted and I have heard stories about both ferries and motorboats packed full of people simply disappearing. I’ve had recent feedback that ferry trips have been running smoothly with attention given to passenger numbers, but you should still be very wary of potentially overloaded vessels. Ferries arrive and depart from Calabar while motorboats go from nearby Oron in Cross River State.

The major overland route from Europe through west Africa roughly runs through Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon. From Cameroon it’s sometimes possible to cross into east Africa via Chad and Sudan but this route is routinely closed because of the unrest in these countries. You can do all or part of this epic journey with an overland company or in your own vehicle, though of course you will have to be fully kitted out and self-sufficient, with a 4×4 and all the gear.

For inspiration to start your own overland, check out the Africa Overland Network , who have lots of useful information and links to over 200 websites of people’s individual trips by land, bicycle and motorbike. Also pick up a copy of Bradt’s Africa Overland for lots of practical advice.

You can enter Nigeria by road from Benin, Cameroon and Niger. The easiest and quickest route is from Zinder in Niger through to Kano, then west to Maiduguri, and into Cameroon at Mora. But it’s much more interesting to continue south to Jos and then on down to Calabar via perhaps Yankari National Park. The alternative overland route is from Benin along Nigeria’s coastal highway, the fastest route between Lagos and Cameroon. When crossing into Nigeria get rid of all money from the previous country as it’s hard to change once across the border. Also fill up with diesel, as diesel is not always available everywhere in Nigeria. Once in Nigeria fill jerrycans or water tanks whenever you can, as water is also hard to get (for a small fee you can fill up from public taps). Finally, if you’re not in your own vehicle, public transport links the closest cities in the neighbouring countries with the closest cities in Nigeria, so feasibly backpackers can move about from country to country.

Getting around

There are 22 paved runways around the country and most of Nigeria’s state capitals have their own airports. Until a few years ago there used to be many more airlines, 30 or so, but following two fatal air crashes in Nigeria in 2005, the government got tougher with airline operators. The airlines were required to meet stricter standards of safety but many of them failed and their licences were revoked by the Ministry of Aviation. Unfortunately, despite this move, another fatal crash occurred in 2006, which killed the Sultan of Sokoto among many others. Nevertheless, despite this appalling aviation record, conditions in safety have improved overall lately and, to put it in perspective, it’s worth remembering that between seven and eight million Nigerians take domestic flights annually.

At the bigger airports such as Lagos and Abuja, you can just pitch up for a ticket at the airport, though in many cities some of the airlines have desks in local hotels where you can purchase a ticket. Domestic airfares vary slightly between the various airlines. Expect to pay roughly the following prices: Lagos–Abuja, US$100; Lagos–Warri, US$160; Lagos–Benin City, US$120; Lagos–Calabar, US$120; Lagos–Kano, US$160; Lagos–Sokoto, US$150; and Lagos–Enugu, US$110. There are scores of additional fares from Abuja to these destinations and between the other cities, but you can get an idea of price versus distance from the above. All domestic airlines now have websites listing full schedules. Several airlines now offer fares that are significantly cheaper if the ticket is booked and paid for in advance. Most operators offer online booking with several methods of payment, including local debit cards and cash transactions at certain banks.

Nigeria has over 3,500km of railways and the two main railways are from Lagos to Kano (via Ibadan–Oyo–Ogbombosho–Kaduna); and from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri (via Aba–Enugu–Makurdi–Jos). The railways are run by the Nigeria Railway Corporation ( nrc.gov.ng ), which has been in and out of bankruptcy for the last 20 years. After a few years without a service, the Lagos–Kano line has been upgraded and it’s now possible to take a train from Lagos to Ilorin and from Minna through Kaduna to Kano. The full track between Lagos and Kano has reopened to varying reviews and more services will become available again, possibly including the Port Harcourt–Jos–Maiduguri line. There is a ‘light’ railway system being built in Lagos with seven lines proposed, mainly to serve the suburbs, which should be completed by 2015.

The national road system links all the main centres, and traffic drives on the right. Roads in Nigeria are generally very poor, causing damage to vehicles and contributing to hazardous driving conditions. Of Nigeria’s 200,000km of roads, only about 60,000km are paved, but many of these are in very bad shape and have been decaying for years. Some have lost their asphalt surface or have reverted to being gravel roads; many are barely usable, especially in high rainfall areas of the south. Excessive speed, unpredictable driving habits, and the lack of basic maintenance on many vehicles are additional hazards (as burnt-out wrecks and mangled vehicles along the road will attest). The rainy season from May to October is especially dangerous because of flooded roads. The worst roads are in the southeast of the country. There are few traffic lights or stop signs, and drivers seldom yield the right of way or give consideration to pedestrians and cyclists .

Road travel in Africa is generally erratic, but in Nigeria you will also have to get used to the whole ethos of ‘me first’ – each motorist has absolute power and authority over the road, regardless of whether a pedestrian is walking in front of his vehicle, whether he is on the wrong side of the road and a truck is heading down a hill towards him, or whether he wants to get from point A to point B via an embankment, a pavement or a central reservation. There is a good reason why hire cars come with a driver in Nigeria, and why the more comfortable front seats of a go-when-full minibus are often the last to fill – the views through the eyes of the driver can be very unnerving! Finally, driving without honking the horn is considered discourteous and dangerous.

By minibus and bush taxi

Except for the smallest of villages, every settlement in Nigeria has a motor park, and some of the larger cities have several. All public transport goes from these and you will inevitably spend a great deal of time hanging around them waiting for vehicles to go-when-full.

Sometimes you may be lucky and arrive at a motor park and find a vehicle with only a couple of seats left and depart almost immediately; at other times you may be the first to arrive and have to hang around for another 16 or so people who want to go in the same direction as you.

It’s best to go to a motor park early as the first vehicles of the day fill quickly. The exception is Sunday in the Christian cities, where nothing moves until church finishes about 13.00. Although they seem completely chaotic at first, motor parks are fairly organised and someone will point you in the right direction of the vehicle you want. Always look out for the men in the green and white uniform of the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), who patrol the motor parks and take the fee paid by the drivers for the use of the motor park. One will take you straight to the right bus. There are queues of vehicles and the one that is filling up first will have a wooden pyramid sign on top with the first three letters of the town or city it’s going to. When the vehicle departs, this is simply plonked onto the top of the next one. In nearly all of the motor parks you can hire a porter with a wheelbarrow to carry your luggage.

By okadas and city transport

There must be hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of motorcycle taxis in Nigeria. In the south they are generally called okadas (after a defunct airline); in the north they are known as achabas . If you get stuck, just simply say ‘machine’. You’ll see the odd meaty Suzuki, but the majority of Nigerian okadas are Jinchengs imported from China. Millions of young men make a living as okada drivers and, if they are successful, as they get older and when they can afford to buy a car, they become taxi drivers. They usually carry one person on the back but it’s not uncommon to see two or more people plus an assortment of luggage. In the cities they are faster than regular taxis but are not for the faint-hearted, though you can always tell your driver to slow down.

You will always have to negotiate a ride, which will be as little as N30 for a short hop outside of Lagos, and N50 in Lagos, while a journey of a kilometre or two will cost upwards of N150. In Lagos okada drivers by law now have to wear a helmet and most should offer a passenger helmet too, which may or may not fit or have a working chinstrap.

Given that you might not have a crash helmet (which is already taking a real risk in Lagos traffic), it’s not a good idea to take okadas on busy expressways where the traffic is moving fast. Accidents are common and in the large cities in particular okadas are driven very aggressively. Finally, if you ask an okada driver to take you somewhere and they hesitate at all it means that they don’t know the place. Rather than admitting this, they will drive around randomly until you catch on.

When to visit Nigeria

Nigeria is consistently hot all year round with very little change in temperature, and in the south there is a constant uncomfortable humidity. Temperatures are highest from February to April in the south and from March to June in the north, and lowest from October to January over most of the country. This is the dry season, when there are cooler temperatures but a chaotic dry northeast wind, referred to locally as the harmattan, which carries fine sand across the country from the Sahara. The dust-filled air during this time can be irritating and uncomfortable and appears as a dense fog. The harmattan is more common in the north but affects the entire country except for a narrow strip along the southwest coast.

However, the dry season is still the best time to go, as heavy rains during the rainy season (April–August) severely hamper travel when roads are flooded, motor parks become quagmires, and streets in Lagos turn into rivers of rubbish. On the coast, the rainy season kicks in earlier than in the rest of the country and starts in February or March, continuing until August. It’s best to avoid travel in the south during this time – the sky is continually overcast, it’s hot, humid and wet and, if travelling by public transport, you’ll need gumboots to wade through the mud in the motor parks.

Although Nigeria is wholly within the tropics, its climate varies from tropical at the coast, to sub-tropical further inland, to arid in the north. It experiences two distinct climates – dry and wet. The length of each season varies around the country depending on elevation and latitude but generally the dry season is November–March and the rainy season April to August, with shorter rains in September and October. However, on the coast the rainy season kicks in during February or March when a moist Atlantic air mass, known as the southwest monsoon, routinely batters the coast.

The coast, and predominantly the Niger Delta, receives more rain annually than the rest of the country – up to 4,000mm per year, approximately five times that of London. In contrast, the semi-arid Sahel in the northernmost part of the country receives the least rainfall – about 500mm annually. The peak of the rainy season here is in August, when air from the Atlantic covers the entire country.

However, Nigeria has suffered from a number of droughts over recent years, particularly in the Sahel, and the 20th century is considered among the driest periods of the last several centuries, with well-publicised droughts during the 1970s and 1980s. These drought periods indicate the great variability of climate across tropical Africa.

Nigeria’s temperature is high year-round, and is frequently accompanied by high humidity in low-lying and coastal areas where temperatures average around 32°C. In the north, temperatures generally average 37°C, with extreme northern desert regions averaging 45°C during the day and 6°C at night. Temperatures are highest from February to April in the south and from March to June in the north, and lowest from October to January over most of the country.

The dry season brings cooler temperatures and chaotic dry northeast winds, referred to locally as the harmattan , which carries fine sand from the Sahara across the country. The dust-filled air during this time can be irritating and uncomfortable and appears as a dense fog. The harmattan is more common in the north but affects the entire country except for a narrow strip along the southwest coast. However, an occasional strong harmattan can sweep as far south as Lagos, pushing clouds of dust out to sea and providing relief from high humidity in the capital.

What to see and do in Nigeria

The capital of Cross Rivers State in the extreme southeastern corner of Nigeria, Calabar is a pleasant town in a beautiful setting high on a hill above a curve in the Calabar River. It was originally called Old Calabar to distinguish it from another town called Kalabari. It has a long history of being Nigeria’s eastern port on an estuary of the Gulf of Guinea, and an estimated third of the slaves who left Nigeria were transported through Calabar. The town is also the cultural centre for the Efik people who dabbled in the slave trade as middlemen. It’s made up of the old Efik settlements of Creek Town (Obio Oko), Duke Town (Atakpa), Old Town (Obutong) and Henshaw Town (Nsidung).

Calabar is well known as the home of the Scottish missionary Mary Slessor, who arrived in 1878 from the United Free Church of Scotland. It grew as an important Niger Delta trading state in the 19th century, thanks to the lucrative palm oil trade, and today rubber and timber pass through Calabar’s port; tyre manufacturer Dunlop has rubber plantations around Calabar. It’s surrounded by saltwater swamps and dense tropical forest, and the markets are full of fish, pineapples, bananas, plantains, cassava and palm oil. For a short time (1893–1906) it was the capital of the British Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, before the capital was moved to Lagos, and was the region’s principal port during the early colonial days before it was eclipsed by Port Harcourt.

The older part of town along the Calabar River has some beautiful colonial buildings but they are in various stages of decay. These were shipped from Liverpool frame by frame, with the carpenters, and were not only used by the colonial offices; many of the local chiefs liked the British architecture so much that they ordered their own houses and period furniture from England and this architecture became the hallmark of Old Calabar. These chiefs even took British names: there were the Dukes, the Jameses, and the Henshaws. The best place to explore Calabar’s history is in the excellent museum.

By contrast, Calabar today is also home to two interesting conservation organisations (Pandrillus and Cercopan) that are doing something worthwhile to help Nigeria’s primates in the nearby Cross River forests. In 2007 okadas were banned from the centre of the city. This was initially a temporary measure following disturbances due to motorcycle operators in disagreement with the state government’s introduction of a mandatory motorbike registration fee. However, the ban was never lifted. Whilst this makes for a pleasant reduction in noise in much of the city, it does reduce the available transport options around town.

Cross River Forests & Mountains

Cross River National Park is the largest area of undisturbed rainforest in the country, and has been described as the Amazon of Nigeria; it seemingly goes on forever, over into Cameroon. The park is spectacularly beautiful, with green, rainforest-cloaked mountains and enormous trees. It is split into two parts, the Oban Division and the Okwangwo Division (that also includes parts of the Obudu Plateau), which are approximately 40km apart on either side of the Cross River to the north of Calabar.  The park covers approximately 4,000km² of Cross River State and the terrain is tough, with hilly escarpments, steep valleys and peaks that generally rise higher than the surrounding deep forest, some of which reach nearly 1,000m.

These rainforests are some of the oldest and richest in the whole of Africa, and many reports written by biologists, going as far back as the 1920s, emphasise the extreme biological richness of the area, their relatively intact status and the increasing threat from uncontrolled farming, logging and hunting.

The Oban Division has an estimated 1,558 plant species, while the Okwangwo has 1,545 species, 77 of which are endemic to Nigeria. The unique nature of Cross River State tropical forest is due in part to its high annual rainfall of over 4,000mm, and its relatively short dry season. Consequently, this forest, together with that immediately adjacent in southwest Cameroon, is classified as the only true evergreen rainforest in Africa. Over 60% of Nigeria’s endangered plant and animal species are found only within these forests. These include 132 tree species listed by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre as globally threatened. As many as 200 species have been recorded from a single 0.05ha plot, a diversity matched only in exceptionally rich sites in South America. These trees also attract butterflies, and the forests are richer in butterflies than any other part of Africa.

The Okwangwo Division, home to about 80% of all wild primate species in Nigeria, is where Cross River gorillas share the same habitat with other primates, including chimpanzees and drills. Other rare species include leopard, small antelope, a variety of monkeys, as well as buffalo and forest elephants. The gorilla, which had been declared extinct in Nigeria 40 years earlier, was rediscovered in 1987, and the huge amount of international publicity that this generated helped to persuade the government to gazette Cross River National Park in 1988.

Nevertheless, as in Nigeria’s other parks, mismanagement and neglect have taken their toll and, although the forests of the park are largely intact, they have been subjected to recent small-scale logging in some areas, and hunting continues to be practised throughout, endangering many species, notably the drill, chimpanzee, some of the monkeys such as Preuss’s and Sclater’s guenons, and the forest elephant.

Kano is the oldest city in west Africa, and today is the capital of Kano State. It is a teeming and vibrant city with a variety of interesting things to see. Rather surprisingly, in the 2006 census, the population of Kano State was put at 9,383,682, which was just over 370,000 more than Lagos State. This has been highly disputed and Lagos is generally considered to be far bigger.

Nevertheless, Kano is a huge commercial city founded on the trade of the ancient Sahara routes, and it’s in the centre of a major agricultural region where cotton, cattle and about half of Nigeria’s peanuts are raised. The traffic is especially chaotic here, and the pollution in the city is palpable, especially at the end of the dry season from April to May, when hot fumes scorch your throat. Kano has several districts, including the old city, which is walled and contains many clay houses, giving Kano a medieval atmosphere. The parts of the wall that can still be seen today were built in the 15th century, though as in other northern cities, most of it is seriously dilapidated and eroded.

Kano is popular for its traditional arts and crafts, including weaving and indigo cloth dyeing, and it has long been known for its leatherwork; its tanned goatskins were sent to north Africa from about the 15th century, and were known in Europe as morocco leather. The city is also recognised as a centre of learning – being the seat of Bayero University and the Kano State Institute for Higher Education – and the British Council Library and the Kano State Library are also located in the city. If you are in town at the end of Ramadan, then the traditional horseriding celebrations are not to be missed.

The emirs of Kano and Katsina both hold colourful durbars during the Muslim festival of Eid-el-Kabir and Id-el-Maulud. Performances include charges on horseback, knife swallowers, camels, acrobats, snake charmers, drummers and horn blowers. The city has many good restaurants and accommodation options, and you’ll welcome the coffee and cake shops and Western food.

Although Nigeria’s capital city is Abuja, with a population of just under 1.5 million, it took over from Lagos as the country’s official capital only in 1991, and Lagos remains Nigeria’s largest and most overwhelmingly principal city. The city is the capital of Lagos State, lying in the southwestern corner of the country. It’s the smallest state in the federation, and occupies an area of just 3,577km², 22% (or 787km²) of which consists of lagoons and creeks. This is not much bigger than a British county, but with a vastly higher population density. It shares its boundaries with Ogun State in the north and east, the Republic of Benin to the west, and has 180km of Atlantic coastline to the south. The Nigerian name for Lagos is Eko. It wasn’t until the 17th century that the Portuguese renamed it Lagos, meaning ‘lagoons’.

Lagos is situated in one of the few gaps in the 200km-long sandbar that stretches from Benin to the eastern side of Lagos State. It lies in a swampy mangrove zone and is entirely flat, with no natural point being any higher than a metre or so above sea level. The metropolitan area covers three main islands and an ever-increasing section of the mainland spreading out in all directions. The waters of Lagos’s lagoons stretch from a few hundred metres to 15km across, and in recent years landfills in the lagoons have been used for urbanisation. The city is basically a collection of islands that are connected together and to the mainland by long bridges – similar to Manhattan in New York City, though the comparison stops there.

Sacred Groves of Oshogbo

Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its cultural significance, the forested sacred groves are Oshogbo’s main attraction, if not one of the biggest attractions in Nigeria (all the signs for them say ‘Sacred Grooves’). In the traditional Yoruba religion groves are sacred places reserved for rituals or shrines and Osun is today believed to be the last remaining one in the Yoruba culture – hence its inclusion as a World Heritage Site. The forest is a 75ha patch of delightful, butterfly-filled greenery that was once inhabited by the early settlers and founders of Oshogbo some 400 years ago.

Despite being completely surrounded by Oshogbo, the forest supports a remarkable diversity of monkeys, birds, snakes, forest antelopes and other fauna. The sacred nature of the forest means that it is protected, and none of the animals are hunted because they are regarded as physical manifestations of the goddess Osun. This is a rare example of protected rainforest in Nigeria, and an example of conservation as a local initiative, where indigenous people have endeavoured to protect their culture and their environment. Many of the animals in the groves, particularly the monkeys, are fairly tame and easy to see as they jump around overhead in the trees.

Yankari National Park

Yankari National Park and its Wikki Warm Spring is probably Nigeria’s best- known tourist attraction. It was upgraded to its present status as a national park by the government in 1991 and covers an area of 2,244km². Most of the park is made up of rolling hills of woodland savanna and is dominated by two rivers, the Gaji and the seasonal Yashi, that flow through the middle of the reserve, providing the main source of water for the wildlife.

The park was established in 1950 after the then Minister of Animal and Forest Resources went to Sudan and visited the White Nile Game Reserve, saw herds of elephant, antelope and buffalo, and decided that game reserves should be created in Nigeria. On his return he gazetted Yankari, which was a region already rich in game. Between 1955 and 1962, local hunters and farmers were moved out of the area, jeep tracks were ploughed through the forest to allow visitors to go on game drives, and a base camp was built close to Wikki Warm Spring. But in the 1970s and 1980s, wildlife populations declined dramatically due to a rinderpest epidemic and extensive and well-organised poaching by nomadic herdsmen. Marauding cattle were also sometimes killed by the lions, leading to retaliation by herdsmen.

Related books

For more information, see our guide to Nigeria :

• 3 Other destinations
• 4.1.1 The pre-colonial era
• 4.1.2 Colonial era
• 4.1.3 Post-independence
• 4.2 Climate
• 4.3 Terrain
• 4.5 Holidays
• 4.6 Tourist information
• 6.1 Entry requirements
• 6.2 By plane
• 6.3 By train
• 6.4 By boat
• 7.2 By train
• 7.3 By plane
• 7.5 By taxi
• 10.2 Bargaining
• 16.1 Corruption
• 16.2 Authorities
• 16.3 LGBT travellers
• 17 Stay healthy

Nigeria ( Hausa : Najeriya , Igbo : Naíjíríà , Nigerian Pidgin : Naijá , Tyap : Naijeriya , Yoruba : Nàìjíríà ) is a large country in equatorial West Africa . Often regarded as the "Giant of Africa ", Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with about 216 million people in 2022.

Rich in diversity and landscapes, the country is home to more than 250 ethnic groups and 500 languages. The Hausa are the largest ethnic group, who make up more than 30% of the population.

Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims (who are mostly found in the north and make up between 50-53% of the population) and Christians (who are mostly found in the south). The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni Muslims, and the majority of Nigerian Christians are Protestants. Nigeria has the fifth largest Muslim population in the world, and the sixth largest Christian population in the world.

Nigeria does have its fair share of political and social problems, but don't let that deter you; the country is endowed with a vibrant youth population who have continued to bring glory to the country in various spheres of human endeavours. The entertainment industry in Africa can not be mentioned without referencing 'Nollywood and Afrobeat'; Nigeria's movie industry and popular genre of music respectively. The country is richly blessed with a plethora of appealing tourist attractions, incredibly friendly, jovial, and sociable people, and delicious food (especially the famous West African delicacy, Jollof Rice), and travel provides you the chance to experience and explore one of the most fascinatingly diverse countries on the planet. There's lots to do and see in Nigeria.

Regions [ edit ]

Cities [ edit ]

• 9.055556 7.491389 1 Abuja — the capital, with beautiful rolling terrain and modern Nigerian architecture
• 6.3176 5.6145 2 Benin City — city of the Edo people and rich cultural state
• 4.95 8.325 3 Calabar — oil region, with the world's highest concentration of butterflies in the surrounding regions
• 6.440278 7.494167 4 Enugu — the coal city
• 7.396389 3.916667 5 Ibadan — geographically the largest city in Africa
• 12 8.516667 6 Kano — important Hausa city, commercial hub of the north
• 6.45 3.4 7 Lagos — second most populous city in Africa, former colonial capital and huge commercial hub, economic capital of Nigeria
• 7.766667 4.566667 8 Osogbo — home of the Sacred Grove of Osun, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
• 4.75 7 9 Port Harcourt — capital of Rivers State and largest city in the oil-rich region, primarily belonging to the Ikwerre

Other destinations [ edit ]

• 5.906944 8.912778 1 Agbokim Waterfalls — a seven-part waterfalls in an area of tropical rainforest.
• 11.5 13 2 Chad Basin National Park — inside the old Kanem-Borno Empire (present-day Borno and the Yobe states).
• 5.416667 8.583333 3 Cross River National Park — primary moist tropical rainforests in the north and central parts, with mangrove swamps on the coastal zones.
• 7.35 11.52 4 Gashaka Gumti National Park — Nigeria’s largest national park, near the border with Cameroon
• 10.3684 4.554719 5 Kainji National Park — a protected savannah in North Central Nigeria
• 10.75 6.5 6 Kamuku National Park — protects typical Savannah vegetation with easy viewing of wildlife and landscape
• 6.416667 5.466667 7 Okomu National Park — part of a rainforest ecosystem that is the habitat for many vulnerable species of flora and fauna.
• 8.667 3.983 8 Old Oyo National Park – named after the Oyo Empire this large park combines archaeological, cultural and historical aspects.
• 9.3 10.5 9 Yankari Game Reserve — the largest wildlife park in Nigeria is home to several natural warm springs.

Understand [ edit ]

History [ edit ], the pre-colonial era [ edit ].

The Nok culture of northern Nigeria flourished between 1000 BC and 500 AD producing life-sized terracotta figures which are some of the earliest known sculptures in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Tiv culture in the north central region of Nigeria dates to 6 BC. Some of the famous bronze terracotta sculpture heads from this culture have been shown around the world.

In the northern part of the country, Kano and Katsina have recorded history which dates back to around 999.

The kingdoms of Ifẹ and Oyo in the western block of Nigeria became prominent about 700–900 and 1400 respectively. The Yoruba mythology believes that Ile-Ife is the source of the human race and that it predates any other civilization. Another prominent kingdom in south western Nigeria was the Kingdom of Benin whose power lasted between the 15th and 19th century. Their dominance reached as far as the well known city of Eko, later named Lagos by the Portuguese. Benin City , the capital of the Kingdom of Benin, grew into one of the most impressive cities in pre-colonial Africa, with its city walls said to be four times the length of the Great Wall of China. However, little of its former glory remains as it was razed to the ground during the British invasion in 1897, with only one building surviving the invasion. Its artworks were looted by the British and can now be seen in the British Museum and various museums in Europe and the United States.

In southeastern Nigeria the Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people flourished from around the 10th century until 1911 and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture.

In northeastern Nigeria, the Kanem Empire ruled from the 8th century to 1376 and was succeeded by the Bornu Empire, which was a powerful Islamic monarchy until it was defeated by the Fulani in the early 19th century.

The first Hausa kingdom was ruled by a queen, Amina, in the 11th century. Hausa kingdoms, based in what's now northern Nigeria, flourished from the 15th to 18th centuries, before eventually being defeated by the Fulani, who proclaimed the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809. The Sokoto Caliphate ruled for less than 100 years before being abolished by the British.

Although the Bornu Empire, Sokoto Caliphate and Kingdom of Benin were eventually absorbed into British Nigeria, the descendants of the rulers retained their titles and influence through the colonial period and maintain them to this day.

Colonial era [ edit ]

Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin trade in Nigeria, and called the main port Lagos after the Portuguese town of Lagos, in Algarve. This name stuck on with more European trade with the region. The Europeans traded with the ethnicities of the coast and also established a trade in slaves which affected many Nigerian ethnicities. Following the Napoleonic Wars , the British expanded trade with the Nigerian interior.

In 1885 British claims to a West African sphere of influence received international recognition and in the following year the Royal Niger Company was chartered. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On January 1, 1901 Nigeria became a British protectorate (northern and southern protectorates) and part of the British Empire . In 1914 the northern protectorate and the southern protectorate under the colonial rule were merged forming one single entity named "Nigeria". meaning: Niger [river Niger] area. The name "Nigeria" was given by the wife of the British Governor-General in charge of the country - Sir Lord Lugard.

Following World War II, in response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism and demands for independence, successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved Nigeria toward self-government on a representative and increasingly federal basis. By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa.

Post-independence [ edit ]

On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom. In 1961, the neighbouring British Cameroons was split into two, with Northern Cameroons becoming part of Nigeria, and Southern Cameroons becoming part of Cameroon . As was the habit of colonialists during that era, no attention was paid to the fact that the "protectorates" suddenly and quite chaotically merged hundreds of distinct and autonomous ethnicities, or to the fact that some communities were ripped apart by the sudden construction of boundaries that never existed before. There was never a truly developed sense of singular Nigerian identity. In part, it was this disequilibrium which set the stage in 1966 for several successive military coups.

The Northern coup, which was mostly motivated by ethnic and religious reasons, was a bloodbath of both military officers and civilians, especially those of Igbo extraction. The violence against the Igbo increased their desire for autonomy and protection from the military's wrath. By May 1967, the Eastern Region had declared itself an independent state called the Republic of Biafra and the 30-month Nigerian Civil War began. More than one million people died, many of them starving to death before Biafra was defeated.

During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and billions of dollars generated by production in the oil-rich Niger Delta flowed into the coffers of the Nigerian state. However, increasing corruption and graft at all levels of government squandered most of these earnings. Nigeria re-achieved democracy in 1999 and although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development. Ethnic violence over the lack of profit-sharing with residents of the oil-producing Niger Delta region and inadequate infrastructures are some of the current issues in the country, which is the top oil-producing country in Africa.

Climate [ edit ]

Varies; equatorial in the south, tropical in the centre, arid in the north. Natural hazards include periodic droughts and flooding. Tornadoes and hurricanes are rare because they typically are weak at this stage and travel west of the Atlantic.

Terrain [ edit ]

Southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in the southeast, plains in the north. The Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea. The highest point is Chappal Waddi at 2,419 m.

People [ edit ]

Nigeria is the continent's most populous nation and the world's 7th most populous. The people of Nigeria are generally nice, with some even engaging you with conversations. As the Giant of Africa, Nigeria has more than 500 ethnic groups with different languages and customs. The largest ethnic groups — Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani/Hausa and Tiv — comprise more than 75% of the population. They have strong religious beliefs and respect for the elders is a must-do.

Holidays [ edit ]

• New Year's Day (January 1)
• Easter (Good Friday and Easter Monday, according to the Western Christian tradition)
• Workers day (May 1)
• Children's Day (May 27)
• Democracy Day (May 29)
• Eid al-Adha
• Eid al-Fitr , marking the end of Ramadan
• Eid al-Maulid , Prophet Muhammad's birthday
• Independence Day (October 1)
• Christmas (December 25)
• Boxing Day (December 26)

Tourist information [ edit ]

• Nigeria Tourism website

Talk [ edit ]

More than 500 languages are spoken in the country, making Nigeria one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. As impressive as that may sound, many of the country's languages are endangered, and many Nigerians are semi-literate or illiterate in their native languages.

The official and most widely spoken language is English and it serves as the 'lingua franca' of the country. Yet, it's not widely spoken in rural areas, and many Nigerians struggle with it; in 2015, it was reported that over 60% of Nigerian school students received a failing grade in English in Nigeria's most important school leaving examination.

Nigerian Pidgin , a pidgin derived from English, is mostly used in informal conversations.

Hausa is the second most spoken language in Nigeria, given that the Hausa make up 30-40% of the population in Nigeria.

Yoruba is spoken by nearly 42 million Nigerians and you are likely to find a Yoruba speaker in Southwestern Nigeria.

Get in [ edit ]

Entry requirements [ edit ].

Nigeria isn't a country you can just waltz into. There are few visa-free arrangements in place, and almost everyone requires a visa in advance to enter the country, unless they're citizens of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) . Nationals of Kenya are allowed to get a visa on arrival in Nigeria, though.

If you’re coming for less than 30 days, getting a “Visa on Arrival” is almost always the way to go. However, “Visa on arrival” is kind of a misnomer because you must apply for it beforehand , no sooner than two weeks before your trip. Once you land, you’ll go to the airport’s visa on arrival office so they can take your biometrics and put the visa in your passport. At the Lagos airport, this can take a few hours depending on how backed up they are. While annoying, this route is almost always far easier than dealing with your local embassy.

To get the Visa on Arrival pre-approval letter, you’ll just need a passport scan, passport photo, flight booking, and invitation letter from a local company. Since 7 May 2023, the Nigerian Immigration Service has moved to a new website . You can apply for a visa through their new visa application page . Whether the new website's payment portal is working has yet to be tested.

Alternatively, you can try to apply for a tourist or business visa through your local consulate or embassy. However, many Nigerian consulates and embassies don't process visa applications directly and will require you to use a 3rd party processing service like OIS . You'll often need to travel to one of their centers in-person and present a valid passport, a completed visa application form, two passport-sized photographs, a letter of invitation (a hotel reservation may suffice), proof you have funds to cover your travels in Nigeria, and proof you have paid for the visa application. This is almost certainly more hassle than the Visa on Arrival process so it is not recommended.

If you’re coming here longer-term for work, you’ll need to enter the country on an STR (subject to regularization) visa. These can only be applied for at a local consulate or embassy. After entering the country on this visa, you’ll be able to apply for a CERPAC (Combined Expatriate Residence Permit and Aliens Card) which allows you to stay and work.

If you’re coming here to work for a local company, they’ve likely already received an expat quota for you (approval to hire a foreigner) and getting an STR visa should be fairly straightforward (although it can take a month to process).

Nigerian visas are notorious for being very expensive for nationals of certain countries, as different nationalities are charged wildly different fees. If you're a citizen of the United States , you will be charged US$160 to apply for a Nigerian visa. Citizens of India and Bangladesh have the highest visa fee requirements (they are charged US$253 to apply for any type of visa), whereas citizens of mostly African and Asian nations are charged much less. Due to a bilateral agreement, citizens of Singapore may obtain Nigerian visas free of charge.

A handful of Nigerian embassies also charge a US$170 biometric fee in addition to the visa fee for your nationality - countries whose Nigerian embassies charge this fee include Egypt , Japan , Malaysia , South Africa and the United Kingdom . Citizens of Singapore are exempt from paying this biometric fee.

By plane [ edit ]

Lagos is the main international airport for the country, but others include Abuja, Kano, Port Harcourt and Uyo.

• Several European airlines fly to Nigeria: British Airways (London Heathrow - Abuja, Lagos), Virgin Atlantic (London Heathrow - Lagos), KLM ( Amsterdam - Lagos), Air France ( Paris -Charles de Gaulle - Lagos), Turkish Airlines ( Istanbul - Lagos), Lufthansa ( Frankfurt - Abuja, Lagos),
• Delta Air Lines operates daily non-stop flights a week from Atlanta
• United Airlines operates non-stop service from Washington DC to Lagos.
• Other inter-continental airlines fly to Lagos. They include: Middle East Airlines ( Beirut ), Qatar Airways ( Doha ).
• African airlines that fly to Lagos include: South African Airlines from Johannesburg, Egypt Air from Cairo , Ethiopian Airlines from Addis Ababa , Africa World Airlines from Accra , Kenya Airways from Nairobi , Royal Air Maroc from Casablanca , among others.
• Ibom Air operates daily local flights to numerous cities within Nigeria and is expanding their routes to other African countries.
• Air Peace has local and international flights (from other African countries, Dubai and London ), Aero from other African countries.
• Besides these, there are other airlines that operate domestic and regional flights to places like Abidjan , Accra , Banjul , Conakry , Dakar , Douala , Freetown , Johannesburg , Libreville , Monrovia .
• There are also airports in most states of the federation and local air travel is widespread.

By train [ edit ]

There are no international passenger services to Nigeria.

By boat [ edit ]

Transport by boat isn't widespread unless you venture into the riverine areas of Nigeria.

Get around [ edit ]

If you're located in a major city like Lagos or Abuja, taking ride-sharing services Bolt and Uber is usually the easiest way to get around.

However, if you're traveling outside major cities you'll most likely want to hire a car and driver. The road systems in Nigeria are relatively poor compared with North America or Europe, but often still passable. The "okada" (motorcycle) is not for the faint-hearted (there used to be no helmets but as a law the rider is required to have two helmets for himself and a passenger, although very few okada riders adhere to this rule.) and should only be used for short distance journeys. "Okadas" will get you to where you want to go quickly and you will get there in one piece. In Lagos, there are lots of buses and taxis. There are two main types of buses, the molue (an old 911 Mercedes Benz truck turned into school-like bus and the danfo (a Volkswagen Kombi bus turned into an eight-seater minibus). Most smaller cities have more taxis than buses, and they are quite affordable.

For travelling from one city to another, you go to the "motor park", find the taxi that's going to your destination, and wait until it "fills up". The price is fixed, you don't have to negotiate. Some drivers may have a risky driving style however - practically this means that the only rule consistently adhered to (by cars, not necessarily motorcycles), is keeping to the right.

By car [ edit ]

Driving in Nigeria (especially Lagos) is somewhat unique, vaguely resembling driving in Cairo. If mastered, you should however be able to cope in most other countries. While driving in Abuja is relatively decent due to regularly maintained roads, it still doesn't compare with roads in more developed countries.

Many roads are bad, but there are rarely any major accidents, you just have to strap your seatbelts in and enjoy the ride. Expect potholes of every size, and that, except on the highway, people will drive on the wrong side to avoid potholes or other bad patches of road. Sometimes entire roads are non-existent, so be prepared for anything. It is advisable to keep your distance from lorries or large vehicles, as many are driven without side-view mirrors, fully functional brakes, and most dangerous of all, securely strapped/attached cargo.

Grass or branches on the road means there is a broken down vehicle ahead of you, be careful.

If you are white, get used to Nigerians shouting at you as you pass by. It will be something like "Oyibo", "Oniocha", "MBakara", "Bature" or "white man". It all means the same, they are just telling you to smile as you pass.

Self-driving for short-term visitors unfamiliar with the roads, especially in Lagos, is by no means advisable and could actually be quite foolish, perhaps even dangerous. You could easily wander into an area or a road block set by local gangs. If you choose to rent a car, it will come with a driver familiar with the area and style of driving, which is the easier and safer option.

Police may try to take fiscal advantage of you as a foreigner. If you wish to drive yourself it is advisable to stick to the rules, as you will be an easy target for police officers to "fine". These are not real fines, they are payable directly to the officer in cash - without a ticket or a receipt. Even if you obey the traffic rules, police will find some petty reason - like not indicating your intention to drive straight. Should you be pulled over, do not give your license, as you will then lose all bargaining power when negotiating the "fine", which could easily be a maximum of all the visible cash you have on you at the time. Rather, carry a copy of the license and hand that over, or show your license through your window. Also, do not let the police get into your car. They are not really dangerous, but it could get expensive and certainly annoying. However, if you just don't pay and remain calm, it only costs time. They have no real power over you.

Especially over weekends and festive times, it is common practice for police, especially in the richer areas of Lagos, to flag you down and wish you happy weekend/holiday/Christmas/Easter/sunny weather/trip to work. In this case, you did nothing wrong and they do not intend to "fine" you, but are rather asking for a tip. If you insistently yet politely refuse to give something, they will eventually let you go. Just wish them a nice weekend/holiday/etc. too.

If you work for a big company in Nigeria, you will usually have a company driver to drive you around, thereby avoiding the above mentioned problems to a large extent. He can arrange a local driver's license for you should the need arise without a driving test or proof of foreign license.

Nigeria is not part of the most standard international Road Traffic Convention and as such will require a special International Driving Permit (valid only for driving in Nigeria, Somalia and Iraq) (if you do not want to get the Nigerian license), not the normal one applicable to almost all other countries in the world.

The last Saturday of the month is Sanitation Day in Lagos and Kano, when the locals clean their premises. While it is not illegal to be out on the street between 7–10M, due to the higher than usual presence of police officers and road check points, most Nigerians choose to restrict their movements until after 10AM. Should you be caught at this time, you may be taken away by the police to perform some "public sanitation" duty, like mowing lawns, etc.

After having been abandoned for a long time, rehabilitation of rail services in Nigeria are finally in full swing. Helped by Chinese investment several new lines are expected to open in the next few years while older lines are renovated. While still much slower than flying, it is now possible to travel across some parts of the country by train. Nigeria Railway Corporation is the sole operator; this might however change as the government mulls liberalization of the railway sector.

Abuja now has almost daily connections with cities in the interior of Nigeria such as Ilorin, Minna and Kaduna. The Lagos-Ibadan Railway provides high-speed service from Lagos via Abeokuta to Ibadan.

Ibom Air , Arik and Aero Contractors have scheduled domestic connections with modern aircraft and reasonable prices. Their websites are user-friendly and well updated. In Lagos, the two domestic terminals, while next to each other, are about 4-5 km (of road which would not be wise to walk if you don't know the place) from the international terminal, and you would therefore need a taxi to get from the one to the other, should you wish to transfer from an international flight to a domestic one.

By bus [ edit ]

Getting around is relatively easy, except that there could be delays due to traffic jams within most major cities. There are multitudes of coaches and buses that will take you to any part of Nigeria you wish (ABC Transport Services is well known for its services among others). Lagos state government also operates a transit system (BRT buses) which serves the Lagos metropolis.

By taxi [ edit ]

Ride-hailing is available in Nigeria and the following are the most anticipated providers:

• Bolt . Includes many towns. ( updated Jul 2020 )
• Uber . Works in Abuja and Lagos. ( updated Jul 2020 )

See [ edit ]

• Lagos : There are different beach fronts, like Oniru Beach, Landmark Beach, Badagry Beach, Tarkwa bay Beach.
• Lekki (suburb of Lagos): Lekki Conservation Center - a nice little fenced-off and interesting tropical rainforest reserve with wooden walkways, located on the outskirts of the city on the Lekki Express Way, just before the second toll gate. Lekki Beach, Eleko Beach
• Plateau: Hiking and sightseeing the Riyom rocks.
• Enugu : Hiking the old coal mines, and cultural events, e.g. New yam and atilogwu dancers.
• Calabar : Harbour where you can get boat rides, a nice cinema, sit-out parks and slave monuments in the Marina Resort located in Calabar; also there is Tinapa, a little drive outside the city.
• Obudu : Small town a few hours to the north from Calabar very close to the Cameroon border - rent a car from Calabar airport (comes with driver) and ask the driver to take you there via Tinapa. This is a cool mountain escape with a nice resort (Obudu Mountain Resort) on the mountain (the president also has a weekend home there). They have some forest walks, hiking, one of the longest cable cars in the world and very nice pristine swimming pools with fountains available.
• Imo : Igbo Ukwu Shrine, if you are interested in Nigerian art.
• The old walled cities of Kano , Katsina and Zaria .
• Oyo : Palace of Alaafin, traditional markets and Calabash carvers.
• Taraba : Tourist attractions like Mambilla plateau (highest point in the country).
• Machina: A town with its annual cultural festival which takes place in March featuring cultural events such as traditional wrestling and horse racing.
• Argungu: A small town with its annual fishing festival that occurs three days with approximately 35,000 fishermen catching fish in the murky waters.
• Abuja : The capital, one of the most beautiful African cities has many tourist attractions including The Zuma rock, Millenium park and lots of rolling hills.

Do [ edit ]

Nollywood is a huge film industry based in Nigeria. By the early 2010s, Nigeria was producing more films than any country other than India, and the value of production was third after the U.S. and India. Nollywood films are enjoyed around the world. With diverse cultures in Nigeria, the Nigerian film industry isn't language biased: movies are shot in English, Yoruba, Igbo , Hausa , Edo, and other 300 Nigerian languages. There are cinemas in most cities and large towns where you can experience this important side of Nigerian culture.

Buy [ edit ]

Money [ edit ].

Nigeria's currency is naira (symbol: ₦ , ISO 4217 code: NGN ). Banknotes circulate in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000. In 2023, high inflation caused the naira to lose half its value against other currencies.

Cash all your naira back into another currency at the airport before you leave Nigeria. The rate is irrelevant, as the naira is not worth that much outside Nigeria. Naira bills/coins may be of interest to currency collectors, but other than that, they will be nothing more than colourful souvenirs of your trip. Banks will change foreign currency to naira, but usually not the other way around, even though you are a foreigner. You would therefore need to use the Bureaux de Change at the International terminal or the new Domestic terminal or street vendors to get foreign currency should you end up with unused naira at the end of your trip. A safe place to change in Victoria Island is in the tourist market of Eko Hotel in Victoria Island.

If the Bureaux de Change at the airport are closed, the car park outside the International terminal is full of street vendors only willing to change money from any major currency. When dealing with these street vendors, keep the money you are buying fully visible until the deal is finished (i.e. don't put into handbag and later discover it is wrong and then try and bargain) and count carefully with them, as they tend to try and short-change you with a note or two, especially when you change foreign currency into naira (which is a thick bundle of small notes), but with necessary vigilance are generally fine. Street vendors are also plentiful at the main land borders to change naira into CFA francs (XOF (Benin and Niger side) or XAF (Cameroon side)) if need be. XOF and XAF are freely and easily convertible to and from euros at a rate of 655.957 (sometimes with a small commission) when you are in the French countries.

Changing large bills of US dollars or euros will give a better rate with professional money changers, such as on the currency exchange market near Lagos Domestic Airport. This is a walled enclosure with a large number of money changers, which is primarily used by local nationals.

If you have a Visa card, you can withdraw money from Standard Chartered Bank ATMs in Lagos on Aromire St, off Adeniyi Jones, Ikeja & Ajose Adeogun St in Victoria Island Branch, Abuja and Port Harcourt (in Naira) and ATMs of some other banks with "Visa" stickers on them, like GT Bank, UBA, and Zenith. This will save you a lot of stress carrying large sums of money and it is secured.

On Abuja and Lagos International Airport money can be withdrawn from ATMs. On Lagos International there are several ATMs, several may not function at all times. On Lagos Domestic Terminal there is also a functioning ATM in the domestic terminal on the 1st floor. Usually this a quiet ATM which also is very private and secure.

MasterCard/Maestro users can also withdraw money from ATMs at several branches of Zenith Bank and GT Bank. Some ATMs of Ecobank, First Bank and Intercontinental Bank also allow for MasterCard/Maestro cards. Look for the red ATM sign outside, or ask the on-site security officer at any branch. Also look for Ecobank, they have a branch within the premises of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport. Visa is however a safer option if you are visiting the French countries around Nigeria as well, as MasterCard/Maestro is close to useless in these countries.

If you do use an ATM, be aware of the risks of card cloning. This a problem with the airport ATMs which do not have a security guard watching over them. Check your statements regularly after using your card and alert your bank to any suspicious activity.

Nigeria is on an active drive to become a cashless society, and as such, more and more hotels, restaurant and shops (all the bigger ones at least) accept major credit cards (Visa being the preferred one, but ask first, there is both "local Visa" and "international Visa", and MasterCard). Diners Club and Amex are almost universally useless in Nigeria. When paying by card, take the usual precautions (watch how they swipe, don't let the card out of your sight, etc.)

Bargaining [ edit ]

At markets, you are supposed to haggle for your goods (a notable exception is bread: its price is fixed). As a general rule, the real price is about half the price that was first asked. The seller may exaggerate the price when he or she thinks that you are a rich tourist ignorant of the real price. After agreeing on a price, don't walk away without buying; this is considered very rude.

Shops like supermarkets and restaurants will typically charge fixed prices. Fresh products and Western-style sit-in restaurants are quite expensive, with it not being uncommon to pay US$75 for a dinner per person.

Eat [ edit ]

There are many types of traditional cuisine to enjoy. For example: afang soup, okra soup, owo soup and starch in the Niger Delta, plantain (fried, boiled, roasted), pepper soup, amala, eba, efo, pounded yam (iyan - Yoruba for "pounded yam", pronounced " ee-yarn" ), jollof rice, ground nut soup, ogbono soup, isi ewu (goat's head stew), egusi soup, suya (kebab), moin moin, ewedu, gbegiri soup (beans soup), edikangikong, ground-rice, puff-puff, chin chin, ikokore, owerri soup (ofe owerri), which is the most expensive African soup in Nigeria. Not to forget 404 pepper soup - it will make you act like "Oliver Twist." You must realise that 404 means "dog meat." And yes, it can only be found in certain parts of the country because in the west it is seen as barbaric.

For the less adventurous traveller, there are loads of "foreign" restaurants in Lagos, e.g. Sky Bar and the grill at Eco Hotel, Churasco's, Lagoon and Fusion all three next to each other (all-you-can-eat Brazilian grill, Indian and Sushi respectively) with a nice view of the lagoon, Piccolo Mondo, Manuella's Residence (great Italian Pizza from Manuella the Italian lady), Bungalow (close to Coschari's BMW in VI) - good sports bar, grill and Sushi, great Sunday buffet at Radisson Blu. Chocolate Royal is a nice family restaurant with excellent ice cream selection (including ice cream cakes) and pastries in VI. Inside Chocolate Royal is an Oriental restaurant called Métisse. Bottles in VI is a grill and Mexican restaurant. And there are loads more flavours from every corner of the world. Just Google and ask taxi to take you there. Outside Lagos and to a lesser extent Abuja, Western food will tend to disappear, with "Jollof Rice and fried chicken" being a "safe" option if you are not adventurous. Fried plantains, shawarma and chicken suya are some of the best options if you are craving some street food. These are often sold by locals at the roadside.

Foreign restaurants are expensive and you can prepare for a bill of at least $50 to $75 or even $100 per head for main course. If this is too much, try the Syrian Club in Ikoyi (turn North - away from the water) at the Mobil filling station in Awolowo Road (the night club street) in Ikoyi, continue a few blocks and on your left you will see the Syrian mosque, turn in the gate just after the mosque and the Syrian Club will be on your right on the inside of the premises with nice Lebanese/Syrian flair at very affordable (for Lagos) prices in an outdoor setting.

If you are a new expat living in Lagos, do yourself a favour and acquaint yourself early on with the following more expensive, foreign-owned, but well worth it, smaller specialist shops in VI selling all the delicacies and nice imported red meats that foreigners long for in and that Shoprite, Park and Shop, Next, and Goodie's (the main supermarkets) may not stock: 1. Deli's on Akin Adesola (the main road leading to Bar Beach), 2. L'Epicérie across the road from Mega Plaza and 3. La Pointe on Kofo Abayomi Street (close to the Brazilian Embassy/Consulate) and not easy to spot. Knowing these places will significantly improve your coping ability in the first couple of months.

Drink [ edit ]

• Nigeria is one of the places where Guinness is brewed outside of Ireland. And they do it pretty well, although it's not the same product. The Guinness brand (with logo and copyrights where they should be) is also used to brew both an alcohol-free malt version of the black stuff, and an extra strong (about 7.5%) version of Guinness in Kenya (in the case of the latter) and Tanzania (in the case of the former).
• Beer is a big business in Nigeria, although the move toward evangelism and Islamic law is making its mark. Lagos is relatively unaffected due to its cosmopolitan nature. Heineken, Star, Harp, Gulder and other international beers are available.
• Malt beverages (non alcoholic) are very common in Nigeria.
• The other cheap drink of choice is gin, which is locally made. It may contain toxic methanol due to lack of quality control, so steer clear.

Other drinks to consider include: palm wine, wine, zobo (red soft drink, is a tea of dried roselle flowers), kunun, kai kai (also called ogogoro).

The northern states have implemented Sharia (Islamic) law, which means that alcohol is prohibited. Ironically, the only places where you can drink a beer in these states are the police staff bars and the army barracks, because these are institutions under federal law. Beer is available in Kano, in restaurants managed by foreign or Christian people, Chinese restaurants, and/or French cafes.

For a real night out, go to the Sabongari area of the old town. Plenty of bars around that stay open till very late. Many do decent food as well. Sabongari is also the place to buy alcoholic drinks and there are plenty stores open late into the night. Some hotels in Kano are "dry", however in Tahir Guest Palace the staff will be quite happy to buy you a few bottles of beer for you in your room (all rooms have large fridges).

Sleep [ edit ]

Almost all hotels in Nigeria require you to pay before you get your key. This applies even to the Sheraton and the Hilton. Typically you are requested to pay 125% of the room rate and you will be refunded when settling the bill at your departure. If you stay more than one night you need to keep the credit up. However, paying this deposit by credit card can leave you open to subsequent fraudulent use of your details.

Learn [ edit ]

There are lots of private and public primary (elementary) and secondary (high) schools. It is worth it to organize a trip to whatever institution of learning you are interested in as this would give you a personal perspective on what facilities are available in your school of interest. There is a nationwide, standardized common entrance exam for students wishing to go into secondary schools, after they have completed their primary schooling. To gain admission into the universities (both public and private universities are in every state of the federation including the FCT), a prospective student has to sit for and successfully pass the UME (Universities Matriculation Examination) which is administered by JAMB (Joint Admission and Matriculation Board). Also, individual universities regularly screen prospective candidates to make sure they are up to par for university-level work.

Work [ edit ]

Working in Nigeria can be a very positive experience. Nigerian organizations tend to operate like small families, taking in newcomers with open arms and avoiding the coolness and sterility that often characterize the Western professional work environment. For instance, don't even think about coming into the office in the morning without greeting each of your colleagues. Even if you don't, be sure that they will go out of their way to greet you and inquire about your well-being.

It is hard to make generalizations about a country with 140 million inhabitants, but some Nigerians have a work ethic that would put most Westerners to shame. An eight-hour day (not including lunch) seems to be the norm, though it's not uncommon for people to stay late into the night and even come in for a few hours on weekends. Depending on the organization, a foreigner may be able to avoid this, but one should be prepared to work beyond the standard 35-40 hr work week.

The notion of "African time" applies very much to the work environment in Nigeria. Meetings are regularly held later than scheduled and often take longer than necessary. Although Nigerians will unabashedly admit to their habitual tardiness, rarely does one see efforts to correct this behavior. The higher one's position, the later one may arrive at a meeting. On top of that, starting the meeting before the important people arrive is very rude--a common principle shared with many Western countries. When dealing with foreign organizations, Nigerians will often make some efforts to correct this behaviour, for some Nigerians are aware that their conception of punctuality is not shared by all.

Those who are used to the strict North American conception of political correctness at the office may be shocked by the more liberal inter-sexual relations in the Nigerian workplace. Mild sexual jokes are common in meetings and in the office in general, though usually good natured and harmless. A white person working in an all-Nigerian workplace should also be prepared to frequently be reminded of their skin tone, though never in a nasty way. This can become tiresome, but Nigerians are generally very friendly. They use the term "Oyibo" (white man in Yoruba) or "Bature" (white man in Hausa) as a form of affection.

The use of professional titles in written and verbal form is very common in Nigeria. Expect to address your boss as Sir, Doctor, Colonel, etc., and avoid using the first name of a superior unless given permission to do so. Being a foreigner, you will be forgiven for any faux pas, but it is always best to err on the side of caution and politeness.

The mobile phone (cell phone) is an essential tool for virtually all urban - and most rural - Nigerians. Because of the many local networks, many people have two or even three "handsets", each on a different network. Anyone doing business in the country for more than a few days should consider having a mobile phone.

Stay safe [ edit ]

Nigerian crime levels are fairly high, particularly in Lagos . The far north eastern regions of Nigeria is troubled by the Boko Haram jihadist group which is known for its attacks on non-Muslims and taking the law into their own hands. This Islamist group is also known for its harsh interpretation of sharia law which includes flogging. Boko Haram attacks Christians and proselytizers so avoid traveling to the north east in large groups. The US State Department and the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office advise against travel to this area, while Global Affairs Canada recommends against non-essential travel to Nigeria (other than Abuja, Calabar and Lagos) because of the risks of terrorism, and recommends practising special health precautions because of the risk of contracting malaria .

The Niger Delta area is unsafe for tourists . There is continual low-level violence between government and militant groups, and there have been several kidnappings of foreign oil workers.

Corruption [ edit ]

Corruption in general is systemic and endemic in Nigeria. Transparency International ranks Nigeria as one of the most corrupt nations on the planet. In 2012, it was believed that Nigeria has lost a total of $400 billion to corruption since independence. The police are notorious for being highly corrupt and woefully ineffective, and the locals do not trust them at all. Nigerians have to pay the police to get reliable assistance for anything. Cronyism and nepotism are common in the police force, and police officers routinely target, harass, extort, and intimidate people, including locals, for bribes. As a foreigner, you may be seen as a "walking wallet" to corrupt officials.

Authorities [ edit ]

The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) , which was tasked to combat violent property crimes and was notorious for its gross abuse of power, has since been disbanded.

Do not be tempted to argue or fight back with a corrupt police officer, even if you haven't done anything wrong.

LGBT travellers [ edit ]

Nigeria is not a safe destination for gay and lesbian travellers .

Same-sex sexual activity is punishable by death (stoning) in the following states: Bauchi , Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara.

Elsewhere, Same-sex sexual activity is punishable by up to 14 years of imprisonment .

It is also illegal not to report LGBT individuals and activities to the authorities, which is punishable by up to 10 years of imprisonment .

Stay healthy [ edit ]

Travellers to Nigeria are required to vaccinate themselves against yellow fever, preferably 10 days before arrival in Nigeria. As malaria is prevalent, malaria pills and mosquito nets are also recommended. Polio vaccination in Nigeria is intermittent and there is a high rate of infection in the North.

Water is sold in different sizes (sachet and bottle). The bottled water and other soft drinks are safe. It is approx ₦150 for a big bottle (June 2021). The cheap "pure water" sold in plastic bags is cheaper but not as "pure" as Eva water, a brand by Coca Cola Company, or Nestle water by Nestle Nigeria. Do not buy water that does not have NAFDAC registration printed on the bottle. It is advisable to purchase bottled water from convenience stores rather than by the roadside. These upscale convenience stores usually purchase their supplies directly from the suppliers.

For the latest traveller's health information pertaining to Nigeria, including advisories and recommendations, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nigeria destination website.

Respect [ edit ]

Respect for elders , as is the case throughout Africa , is a part of Nigerian culture. If someone in a position of authority (policeman, teacher, someone older than you, and the like) tells you to do something, respect them and do it. There's absolutely nothing wrong with disagreeing with someone older than you so long as you do it respectfully and tactfully.

Some of the country's languages have different ways for someone to address someone older than themselves. Handing things over to people, especially adults and people older than you, with your left hand is considered an insult.

You don't cross or jump over someone's legs if they are sitting with the legs extended out. It's considered bad luck.

Avoid shaking hands with elders and older people in non-Igbo villages. It's disrespectful to do that. Bowing down a little and kneeling or genuflecting for women or prostrating by men (especially among the Yoruba) is the normal thing to do. You may not need to do it either, but just show some form of respect when greeting older people. You can get away with not doing that in big cities or urban areas; they are less traditional there.

When entering a house in the predominantly Muslim north, you have to let them know in advance that you are visiting so that the women can prepare (cover themselves up). Some Islamic customs require women to cover their hair and bodies to other men and this is practised in the North. Knock on the door and wait to be answered before going in. They will ask you to wait while the women are informed. Wait patiently.

Connect [ edit ]

The country code for Nigeria is 234.

Dialing out from Nigeria: you will need to dial the International Code, followed by the phone digit numbers.

Dialing into Nigeria: callers use +234 followed by the phone digit numbers. There is also a company in Nigeria called Elixir Communication Worldwide that offers mobile phones for the blind and visually challenged. All the mobile operators have a roaming agreement with other mobile operators around the world.

The leading zero in area codes and similar prefixes is for domestic calls. It is not dialled when using the country code.

Mobile phone service providers:

• Airtel (Bharti Airtel) ( Formerly Zain, Celtel ). Services include pay and recharge with post-paid, prepaid, data bundle and recharge with easy options *444#. Voice and data with voice, data and devices, home broadband (Wi-Fi) devices. VAS with support, easy recharge. Me2U, MyAirtel App Postpaid plans. 2G 3G 4G LTE. ( updated Jun 2021 )
• MTN . Services include pay and recharge with post-paid, prepaid, data bundle and recharge with easy options *131#. Voice and data with voice, data and devices, home broadband (Wi-Fi) devices. VAS with support, Easy recharge. Me2U, MyMTN App Postpaid plans. 2G 3G 4G LTE. ( updated Jun 2021 )
• 9mobile ( former Etisalat ). Services include pay and recharge with post-paid, prepaid, data bundle and recharge with easy options *222#. Voice and data with voice, data and devices, home broadband (Wi-Fi) devices. VAS with support, Easy recharge. Me2U, My9Mobile App Postpaid plans. 2G 3G 4G LTE. ( updated Jun 2021 )
• Glo ( Globalcom ). Services include pay and recharge with post-paid, prepaid, data bundle and recharge with easy options *777#. Voice and data with voice, data and devices, home broadband (Wi-Fi) devices. VAS with support, easy recharge. Me2U, MyGlo app postpaid plans. 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE. Mobile money. Network with lowest offerings for airtime and data. ( updated Jun 2021 )

Go next [ edit ]

• Travel north to Niger , and into the Sahara Desert.
• Travel east to Cameroon , for some mountain climbing.
• Travel west to Benin , the best way out when travelling to Europe overland.
• Travel northeast to Chad .

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Navigation menu

Nigeria travel guide

Nigeria tourism | nigeria guide, you're going to love nigeria.

Bursting with Africa's largest population and more than 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria has a dynamic atmosphere and thriving economy.

In major cities, such as Lagos and Kano, you'll find a modern wave of trendy restaurants and creative hubs, while regional villages along the Niger River demonstrate more traditional lifestyles that are heavily based around agriculture.

What to do in Nigeria

1. get some fresh air in the lekki conservation centre.

The 190-acre reserve is packed with flourishing biodiversity and has the longest canopy walkway in Africa (1,315 ft). Among the endangered species that are cared for are crocodiles, monkeys, mongooses, and squirrels.

2. Marvel at the Nike Art Gallery

Spread across four floors, the breathtaking collection of West African artwork includes textiles, sculptures, paintings, beadwork, and carvings.

3. Discover Traditions in Oshogbo

The city holds great spiritual significance to the Yoruba people. Learn more about the oral language and traditions that have evolved since the Oyo Empire in the 12th century.

4. Indulge in Nigerian Cuisine

Tantalizing food is around every corner and plates are stuffed with flavored spices, bean stews and aromatically barbecued meats.

5. View the Revival of Benin City

Once a prosperous municipality that was the heart of the Kingdom of Benin, much of the city was destroyed and looted by British crusaders in 1897. Steadily it has resurrected, and the active growth is inspiring to witness.

When to visit Nigeria

The most pleasant time of year is between November and March when the climate is dry and average temperatures sit around 90°F. Areas in the north near Kano are drier and can experience extreme heat waves during summer, making April to June more comfortable.

How to Get to Nigeria

Entry requirements.

Unless you are a citizen of a West African State, you must apply for a visa before arriving. A standard tourist visa costs approximately 57,840 NGN (160 USD).

It is possible to fly directly to international airports in the cities of Enugu, Port Harcourt, Lagos, Kano, and Abuja. Carriers such as Arik Air, British Airways, and United Airlines help service the routes to destinations that include New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Doha, and Dakar.

Although there are cargo trains available, passenger services are not scheduled into Nigeria.

A popular border crossing is from Porto-Novo in Benin along the RNIE1 highway. Traveling from Niger and Chad by car is not recommended due to security concerns.

A direct bus can be caught from the Ghanaian city of Accra to Lagos, taking about 9h 30m and costing roughly 12,000 NGN (33 USD).

A 5h ferry runs from Limbe in Cameroon to Calabar twice per week and costs approximately 6,000 NGN (17 USD).

Popular airports in Nigeria

Popular airlines serving nigeria, where to stay in nigeria.

All hotels require upfront payment each night and popular districts within Lagos are Victoria Island and Ikoyi. Nassarawa and Kano are fantastic areas of Kano due to their public transport connectivity and trendy accommodation.

Where to stay in popular areas of Nigeria

Most booked hotels in nigeria, how to get around nigeria, public transportation.

Buses are the primary mode of transport in most cities. However, Abuja has a light rail system, which was launched in 2018 and connects Nnamdi Azikiwe Airport to Abuja Metro Station in 40m, with single fare tickets costing roughly 1,000 NGN (3 USD).

Many cities and regional villages are serviced by an extensive network that includes junction stations in Lagos, Agege, Kaduna, Abuja, and Kafanchan. Economy, First Class, and Sleeper cabins are available with a trip from Lagos to Kano costing approximately 6,900 NGN (19 USD).

Intercity services depart from transport hubs known as motor parks, and a range of vehicles, including modern buses, minibuses, and bush taxes, are available.

Arik Air is one of the most prevalent domestic airlines and links more than 15 cities, including Abuja, Enugu, Kaduna, Lagos, and Benin. Flights can be purchased from around 20,000 NGN (55 USD). Other Nigerian based carriers include Aero Contractors, Azman Air, and Max Air.

Best car rental deals in Nigeria

Intermediate

5 Adults, 3 Bags

The Cost of Living in Nigeria

A meal at a cheap restaurant can cost as little as around 500 NGN (1.40 USD). Nigeria is almost an entirely cash-based society and credit cards are seldom used in the country. You can exchange your money at the currency exchange at the airports, or at your country of residence, well in advance of your trip.

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Nigeria is easily Africa’s largest country by population, with 206 million people ranking it the seventh-most-populous in the world.

About 21 million of those people live in Lagos, which can be a confusing, chaotic place if you don’t know how to get around, but a culturally diverse, fascinating, and beautiful city if you know where to look. We’ve got a comprehensive travel guide to Lagos, where you’ll learn how to make the most of one of the world’s largest cities.

Nigeria is also home to a massive film industry — known as Nollywood — and though they don’t exactly offer tram-guided backlot tours, it brings a strong creative vibe to the country. Venturing outside Lagos, make a stop in Ibadan, where you’ll find colonial and art deco architecture all over the city.

Even with a dense population, Nigeria has nature, too, and the best place to get some fresh air is in the Gashaka Game Reserve. Or you can stay active with a hike through Shere Hills, or hike through the seven Olumirin Falls. Nigeria hasn’t developed its tourism quite as much as you might expect from a country so large, and while we can’t promise small crowds, we can say you won’t find a lot of tourists.

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Nigeria Travel Guide: Essential Facts and Information

Michael Kraus/EyeEm/Getty Images

As the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria is often considered the continent's powerhouse. Rich in oil and increasingly tech-savvy, it's also a major destination for business travelers and its booming economy is in evidence in the sparkling megacity of Lagos. Here, world-class restaurants, nightclubs, art galleries and malls vie for space with commercial skyscrapers. Elsewhere in Nigeria you'll find rural villages, breathtaking nature reserves and golden beaches; but beware, political turmoil and terrorism make some areas of the country unsafe.

Check the latest travel warnings before booking your trip to Nigeria.

Part of West Africa , Nigeria borders the Gulf of Guinea on its southern edge. It also shares land borders with Benin to the west, Niger to the north, Chad to the northeast and Cameroon to the east.

Nigeria has a total land mass of 351,649 square miles/ 910,768 square kilometers, making it slightly more than twice the size of California. It is the 14th largest country in Africa.

Capital City

The capital of Nigeria is Abuja.

According to a July 2018 estimate by the CIA World Factbook, Nigeria has a population of over 203.4 million people - more than any other African nation. This includes more than 250 distinct ethnic groups of which the most populous are the Hausa and the Fulani, the Yoruba and the Igbo.

There are over 520 languages spoken in Nigeria (the third-most of any country in the world). The official language and lingua franca is English. Other major languages include Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and Fulani.

Islam is the majority religion in Nigeria, accounting for 51.6% of the population. Nearly 47% of Nigerians identify as Christian with the remainder hold indigenous beliefs.

The naira is the official currency in Nigeria. For accurate exchange rates, use this helpful online converter .

Nigeria has a tropical climate and temperatures remain consistently warm all year round. The country's large size means that there are several different climatic zones, each with their own unique weather pattern. However, the weather in Nigeria is generally defined by its wet and dry seasons. For most of the country, the wet season runs from April to October, although rains start as early as February in the south. The dry season runs from November to March and brings with it the dry, dusty harmattan wind.

There are pros and cons to traveling in either season, but most visitors agree that despite the harmattan , the dry season is the most pleasant time to experience Nigeria. Humidity is at its lowest at this time of year, there are fewer insects and your trip is less likely to be delayed by flooding in rural areas of the country.

Key Attractions

Sprawled along the edge of Lagos Lagoon, Lagos may no longer be Nigeria's capital but it is still the country's beating heart. With a population of 21 million people, it's a hive of activity known for its vibrant music and art scene. You can dance until dawn in the city's nightclubs, shop for contemporary fashion or learn about Nigerian history at the National Museum.

Yankari National Park

Yankari National Park preserves a large tract of interior savannah and offers the best game-viewing in the country. You can expect to see a wide variety of wildlife including elephants, buffalo, waterbuck and lions. The birdlife is also spectacular with more than 350 recorded species. After a busy day, don't miss out on a dip in the park's scenic Wikki Warm Springs.

A center of Yoruba spirituality in the south of the country, Oshogbo is most famous for the Osun-Osugbo Sacred Grove, a UNESCO-protected cultural site located on its outskirts. This dense patch of primary forest is believed to be the home of Yoruba fertility goddess Osun. Sculptures, sanctuaries and shrines can be found amidst the ancient trees and along the meandering river.

Getting There

Nigeria has several major airports. The one most frequently used by international visitors is Murtala Muhammed International Airport (LOS), located on the outskirts of Lagos. Many airlines offer flights to Lagos, including Emirates, Delta, Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. Most visitors require a visa and must apply for one at their nearest Nigerian embassy before departure. For more information, visit the Nigeria Immigration Service website .

Medical Requirements

In addition to making sure that your routine vaccines are up-to-date, the CDC recommends the following vaccinations for all visitors to Nigeria: measles, polio, yellow fever, and other routine vaccines. Proof of polio vaccination is an exit requirement for visitors that spend more than four weeks in the country, and proof of yellow fever vaccination is an entry requirement for anyone traveling to Nigeria from a yellow fever country.

Other vaccines including cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A and B, and rabies may be advisable depending on which part of the country you're traveling to. Malaria is a risk throughout, and prophylactics should be taken to prevent infection. There is no ongoing Zika outbreak, but there have been past instances of transmission in Nigeria, so pregnant women or women hoping to conceive should talk to a health care provider before traveling.

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NIGERIA Travel Guide for 2024: Discover the Gems of Nigeria

Welcome to our comprehensive Nigeria travel guide. Discover the vibrant cities of Lagos and Abuja, explore natural wonders like Olumo Rock and Yankari National Park, and indulge in the rich flavors of Nigerian cuisine. In this Nigeria travel guide, we’ll provide you with valuable insights, tips, and essential information to make your journey through Nigeria an unforgettable experience. From fast facts about Nigeria’s climate, currency, and cultural etiquette to the best time to visit, the top attractions, money-saving tips, and recommendations for authentic souvenirs to bring back home.

What to See and Do in Nigeria

Here are some must-visit places and experiences to add to your Nigeria travel itinerary :

• Lagos : Begin your Nigeria journey in the bustling city of Lagos. Explore the vibrant markets of Balogun and Lekki, soak up the sun at Tarkwa Bay Beach, and visit the historic Badagry Town, known for its slave trade history.

• Abuja : Nigeria’s capital city, Abuja, offers a blend of modern architecture and natural beauty. Don’t miss the impressive Nigerian National Mosque and Nigerian National Christian Centre. Take a stroll through Millennium Park or visit Aso Rock for panoramic views.

• Olumo Rock : Located in Abeokuta, Olumo Rock is a fascinating natural wonder. Climb the ancient rock formations for breathtaking views of the city and explore the historical caves within. Don’t forget to visit the nearby Adire Market for traditional Nigerian fabrics during your Nigeria trip.

• Yankari National Park : Nature lovers will be captivated by Yankari National Park in Bauchi State. Embark on a safari adventure to spot elephants, lions, hippos, and various bird species. Take a dip in the refreshing Wikki Warm Springs, known for its therapeutic properties.

• Benin City : Delve into Nigeria’s history by visiting Benin City. Explore the Benin City National Museum, home to an impressive collection of artifacts. Discover the UNESCO-listed Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin and witness the vibrant brass works at the Igun Street.

Fast Facts About Nigeria: Nigeria Travel Guide

• Climate : Nigeria experiences a tropical climate, characterized by two main seasons: the rainy season (April to October) and the dry season (November to March). The coastal regions are generally hot and humid, while the northern areas have a more arid climate.
• Local Currency : The official currency of Nigeria is the Nigerian Naira (NGN). It is advisable to exchange your currency at authorized exchange centers or banks for the best rates.
• Power Voltage : The power voltage in Nigeria is 230V, with a frequency of 50Hz. The plug types commonly used are the British standard three-pin plugs, so it’s recommended to bring a universal adapter for your electrical devices.
• Language : The official language of Nigeria is English, making it easy for most travelers to communicate. However, there are over 500 languages spoken across the country, showcasing Nigeria’s cultural diversity.
• Religion : Nigeria is a religiously diverse country. The major religions practiced include Christianity, Islam, and traditional indigenous beliefs. Respect for religious customs and traditions is important during your visit.
• Safety : While Nigeria offers amazing travel experiences, it’s essential to stay vigilant and take necessary precautions. Research and follow travel advisories, avoid isolated areas at night, and take care of your belongings.
• Cultural Etiquette : Nigeria is known for its warm hospitality. When visiting local communities or interacting with locals, it’s polite to greet with a handshake and use appropriate titles when addressing elders or individuals of authority. Respecting local customs and traditions is greatly appreciated.
• Tipping : Tipping is not mandatory in Nigeria, but it is customary to tip for exceptional service. In restaurants, a 10% gratuity may be added to the bill. Additionally, it’s a thoughtful gesture to tip hotel staff, guides, and drivers for their services.

When to Visit Nigeria: Seasons and Festivals

Nigeria offers something exciting throughout the year, but the best time to visit depends on your preferences and the festivals you’d like to experience. Here’s a breakdown of the seasons and festivals to help you plan your Nigeria trip:

• Dry Season (November to March): This period is ideal for wildlife enthusiasts and outdoor activities. The weather is pleasant, and you can explore national parks like Yankari or go hiking in the picturesque hills of Jos.
• Rainy Season (April to October): Despite the occasional downpours, the rainy season adds a lush green touch to Nigeria’s landscapes. It’s a great time to witness waterfalls in their full glory, such as the Erin Ijesha Waterfalls or Farin Ruwa Falls.
• Festivals : Nigeria is renowned for its vibrant festivals that showcase its cultural heritage. The Osun-Osogbo Festival (August) celebrates the Yoruba goddess Osun with processions, music, and dance. The Durbar Festival (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha) in Kano and Katsina is a colorful display of equestrian pageantry and traditional attire – a must-attend event during your Nigeria travel adventure. Other notable festivals include the Eyo Festival (May) in Lagos, the Argungu Fishing Festival (February/March) in Kebbi, and the New Yam Festival (August) celebrated by various ethnic groups.

How to Get Around Nigeria

Here are the best ways to get around the country during your Nigeria journey:

• Domestic Flights : Nigeria has a well-connected domestic flight network, making it convenient to travel between major cities. Airlines like Arik Air, Air Peace, and Dana Air offer reliable services.
• Road Trips : Exploring Nigeria by road allows you to witness the country’s diverse landscapes. Rent a car or hire a private driver to enjoy the freedom of discovering hidden gems at your own pace. However, be prepared for occasional traffic congestion in urban areas.
• Public Transportation : Within cities, public transportation options include buses, minibusses (known as “danfos”), and motorcycles (okadas). These options are affordable but can be crowded and may require some familiarity with local routes.
• Inter-city Buses : Long-distance travel between cities is well-served by inter-city bus services. Companies such as ABC Transport, GUO Transport, and Peace Mass Transit offer comfortable and reliable options.
• Ferries : In coastal regions, ferries are available for inter-island transportation. For example, you can take a ferry from Lagos to explore the beautiful beaches and resorts of the nearby islands during your Nigeria trip.

Where to Stay in Nigeria: Accommodation Tips

Here are some valuable tips to help you make the most of your accommodation choices during your Nigeria travel adventure:

• Diverse Options : Nigeria offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. From luxurious hotels in major cities to budget-friendly guesthouses and vacation rentals, you’ll find something that fits your needs.
• Location Matters : Consider the location of your accommodation carefully. If you’re exploring Lagos, areas like Victoria Island and Ikoyi offer convenient access to attractions and a vibrant nightlife. In Abuja, areas like Garki and Maitama are popular for their proximity to landmarks and amenities.
• Safety and Security : Prioritize your safety by choosing reputable accommodations. Look for properties with positive reviews and good security measures such as gated entrances, CCTV cameras, and 24-hour reception. It’s always beneficial to research the safety of the neighborhood before booking.
• Online Booking Platforms : Utilize trusted online booking platforms to compare prices, read reviews, and find the best deals. Websites like Booking.com, Expedia, and Airbnb provide a wide range of options and allow you to filter based on your preferences.
• Local Guesthouses : Consider staying in local guesthouses or bed and breakfast establishments for a more immersive cultural experience during your Nigeria journey. Not only will you have the opportunity to interact with friendly locals, but you might also discover hidden gems and receive insider tips.

How to Save Money Traveling in Nigeria

Exploring Nigeria doesn’t have to break the bank. With these money-saving tips, you can make your travel budget go further and still enjoy incredible experiences:

• Local Cuisine : Embrace the local culinary scene and savor traditional Nigerian dishes. Eating at local restaurants and street food stalls not only provides an authentic experience but is also cost-effective compared to upscale eateries.
• Bargaining : Bargaining is common in markets and when dealing with street vendors. Don’t hesitate to negotiate prices, especially for souvenirs, crafts, and local products. Polite haggling can lead to significant savings.
• Public Transportation : Opt for public transportation like buses or shared taxis (known as “kekes” or “danfos”) to get around within cities. They are more affordable than private taxis or car rentals and give you a chance to mingle with locals.
• Free Attractions : Nigeria has plenty of attractions that won’t cost you a dime. Explore public parks, visit local beaches, or take a leisurely walk through vibrant neighborhoods like Lekki in Lagos or Garki Village in Abuja.
• Travel Insurance : While it may seem like an additional expense, investing in travel insurance is a wise decision for your Nigeria trip. It can protect you against unexpected medical expenses, trip cancellations, or lost baggage, giving you peace of mind throughout your journey.

What Food to Try in Nigeria: Traditional Cuisine

Here’s a Nigeria travel guide to the culinary delights and traditional dishes:

• Jollof Rice : A beloved Nigerian dish, Jollof Rice is a flavorful one-pot rice dish cooked with tomatoes, onions, and spices. It is often accompanied by grilled chicken or fish and enjoyed at festive occasions.
• Suya : Satisfy your cravings with Suya, a popular street food. It consists of skewered, spicy-grilled meat (usually beef or chicken) coated with a flavorful blend of spices, including ground peanuts.
• Egusi Soup : Egusi Soup is a delicious melon seed-based soup cooked with vegetables, meat, or fish. It is typically enjoyed with pounded yam, fufu, or eba, which are staple Nigerian swallow dishes.
• Pounded Yam and Egusi : Experience the traditional Nigerian way of eating by trying Pounded Yam and Egusi. Pounded Yam is a dough-like staple made from yam tubers, and when paired with Egusi Soup, it creates a satisfying and authentic meal.
• Chin Chin : For a sweet treat, don’t miss out on Chin Chin. These crunchy, bite-sized pastries are made with flour, sugar, butter, and a hint of nutmeg or cinnamon. They are perfect for snacking on the go.

What to Bring from Nigeria: Souvenir Ideas

As you bid farewell to Nigeria, take a piece of its charm and culture home with you through unique and meaningful souvenirs. Here are some souvenir ideas to cherish your Nigeria travel memories:

• Traditional Fabrics : Nigeria is famous for its colorful and intricately designed fabrics. Purchase vibrant pieces of Ankara or Adire fabric, which can be used to create unique clothing, accessories, or home decor items.
• Handcrafted Artwork : Support local artisans by purchasing handcrafted artwork, such as sculptures, masks, or paintings during your Nigeria trip. These pieces reflect Nigeria’s rich cultural traditions and make for striking additions to any home.
• Beaded Jewelry : Nigerian jewelry, particularly those adorned with colorful beads, is a testament to the country’s craftsmanship. Look for intricately beaded necklaces, bracelets, or earrings to add a touch of Nigerian style to your accessory collection.
• Traditional Instruments : Immerse yourself in Nigeria’s musical heritage by bringing home traditional instruments like the talking drum, shekere (beaded gourd), or kalimba. These instruments not only make for unique decor but also allow you to connect with Nigerian rhythms.
• Local Crafts : Explore local markets and discover a plethora of handcrafted items such as woven baskets, pottery, or leather goods. These one-of-a-kind pieces capture Nigeria’s craftsmanship and cultural diversity.

Additionally, check out our articles about 2023 top travel destinations in the world , and the best holiday destinations in 2024 .

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Welcome To Travel with Lady Chin

The Ultimate Lagos, Nigeria Travel Guide: For First-Time Visitors 

Africa , Nigeria / May 2, 2022 by Lady Chin

Lagos, known as the African Giant, is one of my favorite cities in the world! The city is home to the third-highest number of millionaires in Africa and the 4th most populous city globally!

You can feel the electrifying energy the moment you touch down. However, the first time I visited, I didn’t know what to expect and how to prepare, but after visiting several times, I learned a thing or two. In this detailed post, I am sharing the ultimate Lagos, Nigeria travel guide for first-time visitors to help you plan your trip like a pro! If you’re considering planning a trip, then not to worry. I’ve got you covered.

Pin Me for Later!

This is the second post in the Nigeria travel series. Here’s the complete 10-part series:

Nigeria Travel Series

Bucket List:  7 Reasons Why You Should Visit Nigeria At Least Once  

Travel Guide:  The Ultimate Lagos, Nigeria Travel Guide: For First-Time Visitors

Food:  9 Popular Foods To Eat In Nigeria

Packing Guide:  The Complete Packing List for Your Trip to Nigeria

Travel Tips:  13 Things You Need To Know Before Visiting Lagos, Nigeria 

Inspiration:  15 Photos That Will Make You Want To Visit Nigeria

Tourist Visa:  5 Tips for U.S. Citizens Applying for a Nigerian Tourist Visa

Lagos:  11 Best Things To do in Lagos

My Story:  Homegoing: Reuniting with My Biological Family

Travel Itinerary:  How to spend 5-day in Lagos, Nigeria 

The Complete Lagos, Nigeria Guide For First-Time Visitors: Everything You Need to Know

What to Expect

Lagos, nicknamed the city that never sleeps, is a bustling coastal hub for business, entertainment, fashion, music, and nightlife. The city is divided into three districts: the mainland, greater Lagos, and the islands. The mainland is connected to the islands by three bridges: Eko, Carter, and Third mainland, the most famous of the three bridges in Lagos. 

Best Time to Visit

Lagos has two main seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season typically begins in April and lasts through mid-November. You can expect heavy downpours of rain with flash floods. November to March is the dry season with little to no precipitation, and well, I won’t lie to you, really hot.

The best time to visit is between November and February, the weather is less humid and the temperatures cool down due to harmattan. Harmattan occurs from December to February, with northeastern winds coming off the coast of the Atlantic coast of Africa. December, also called dutty December, is my favorite time to visit!

English is the official language, but most people speak Pidgin, an English-based creole language across Nigeria. Nigeria has over 250 local languages. Major languages include Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Fulfulde, Ibibio, and Kanuri. 

The Time zone in Lagos is GMT+1; WAT (West African Time). The country does not have daylight saving time. 

Naira is the official currency of Nigeria. The symbol for Naira is ₦, and the code is NGN. The Naira is divided into 100 kobo. Exchange rates tend to fluctuate, and I recommend downloading the XE app or checking the  website  to ensure you get the best rates for that particular day. 

Credit Cards 

Just like everywhere else, cash is king! Credit cards are accepted everywhere. However, I highly recommend paying everything in cash if you can avoid it. I am not saying this will happen to you, but using your credit card may risk fraudulent activities. 

Most credit and debit cards are accepted in the city’s more touristy areas. Nonetheless, using your credit card or debit card at an ATM may put you at first of fraud or scam.   

I recommend paying for whatever you need with cash. If you’re traveling from the U.S., bring money in denominations of $100 bills with you to get the best exchange rate. During my first trip, I brought denominations of $20 and was encouraged not to use the money as I wouldn’t get the best rate. I also recommend bringing enough cash, especially if you visit Lagos between December and February.

The standard voltage in Nigeria is 230 V, and the frequency is 50 Hz. If your standard voltage in your home country is between 220-240V, you will have no problem using electronic appliances in Nigeria.

I never leave home without my trusty  universal adapter ! If you don’t have an adapter, then I highly recommend the universal adapter, it has dual USB charging ports, making it easy for you to charge all your devices at once, and detachable plugs come in handy! 

I owe it to tell you the truth and the reality of Lagos and what to expect, especially when it comes to staying safe. I will not lie to you and say Lagos is the safest city in the world.

There’s no such place that exists! I will be honest and say that the country’s ongoing political and economic instability invites additional crimes such as pickpocketing, muggings, and even kidnappings. I don’t share this to scare you but for you to be aware and minimize the risk.  

Here are things to do to keep safe some safety tips to keep in mind:

• Hire a driver  – Trust me, having a driver in Lagos will get you anywhere you want to go. The driver is familiar with the area and can ensure to get you to point A to point B.  
• Get a guide  – Besides having a driver, getting a guide, family, or friend from the area will also come in handy. After all, they live in the city and can make sure you don’t run into any unwanted issues. 
• Pay attention to your surroundings  – Nigerians are the ultimate people watchers! Even when trying to be subtle and blend in, you will inevitably be spotted as a foreigner but being aware of your surroundings and who is watching you will go a long way! It’s a dead giveaway that you’re a tourist! I wouldn’t stop and look around unless you are in a museum or a touristy area. 
• Watch what you say in public  – Speaking loudly in public is not advised. While Nigerians are boisterous people, as a visitor, be mindful of what you say and how your voice carries. Don’t talk about how much money you have or how you’ll be poppin’ bottles at the club that night. Just don’t do it.

The moment I opened my mouth in a grocery store, all eyes were on me as if I had s stolen something! Then, my cousin told me not to speak and let him do the talking. Even in Ubers or taxis, if you’re traveling around with a family or friend who lives in the city, let them do the talking and enjoy the ride! 

• Limit your night movement –  Depending on where you are staying in Lagos, limit your nighttime outings. The nightlife in Lagos is unmatched! Streetlights are limited in some parts of the city. Try not to move around too much. If you’re staying in Lekki or Victoria Islands, I recommend traveling by private car and only stopping until you get to your destination. 
• Be polite to security  – If you’re staying in a gated community or hotel in Lagos, be sure to greet your security personnel. It goes a long way to ensure you recognize them, especially seeing they are protecting your belongings. 
• Meet new friends in public  – Meeting new people in Lagos comes with the territory, but I always like to be safe than sorry. If you make new friends, meet them in a public setting.  
• Trust your instinct  – I can’t emphasize this tip enough; if you feel something is off, chances are something is! It’s worth reacting to it instead of waiting until it’s too late. The same applies to traveling and goes back to being aware of your surroundings.  
• Be careful where you change your money  – The money-changing process can be tricky, and if you don’t know where to go or have someone local to help you change your money, you may run the risk of being scammed. To avoid this, I recommend changing your money over if you’re staying in a hotel or with a family or friend who usually has a go-to person to get money exchanged.  

For updated safety advisory, check out the  Travel.State.Gov  for the latest information for travelers. 

Getting to Lagos 

All international flights to Lagos from the United States arrive at the  Murtala Muhammed International Airport . Delta, United Airways, British Airways, KLM, Qatar, Emirates, Air France, and Lufthansa are some major airlines flying into the city. I’ve flown with United, Qatar, and KLM. Out of the three, I prefer Qatar airlines. I find the customer service and overall flight experience to be the most pleasant, and I don’t mind the layover in Doha! 

The Murtala Muhammed Domestic Airport in Ikeja is your best bet for domestic flights around the country. We flew from the domestic airport to visit family in the southeastern countryside. 

Visa Requirements

All U.S. citizens must have a valid passport for six months and proof of Polio and Yellow Fever vaccinations to enter Nigeria. Also, you must have a visa issued from a Nigerian Embassy or the consulate before traveling.

Trust me, don’t assume you won’t need a visa because you will. In my experience, I will be the first to tell you that the visa process can be frustrating and somewhat painful. Read here to find out how to apply for your tourist visa as a U.S. citizen. 

Medication 

Make sure to bring the necessary medication with you and some in case you need to stay in the country longer than expected. Here’s a list of additional prescriptions you will need to get from your doctor beforehand: 

• Anti-Malaria Pills: Malaria is caused by mosquito bites, and to prevent and treat yourself, here are my two recommendations: 
• Option #1 Malarone (Atovaquone/Proguanil:  This pill you take daily, starting 1-2 days before your trip and continuing for seven days after leaving the area with malaria.  
• Option #2 Chloroquine:  This pill you take weekly, starting 1-2 weeks before your trip and continuing for four weeks after returning home. 
• Anti-diarrhea medication:  Anything over the counter, like Immodium or loperamide, works just fine. I recommend bringing azithromycin in case you experience severe traveler’s diarrhea.  
• Antibiotics:  Be sure to ask your doctor for a prescription of antibiotics to take with you just in case you 

Note:  The anti-malaria pills are strong, and you may experience extreme fatigue, increased anxiety, headaches, and dehydration. I share all the side effects I listed above and vivid dreams. I felt awful and stopped taking the pills altogether. While I wouldn’t recommend not taking the tablets altogether, if this happens to you, try taking the medication every other day and then reassess how you feel. 

Where to Stay

Accommodations in Lagos vary drastically. If you’re not planning on staying with local friends and family, I recommend staying in the following areas: Victoria Islands (VI), Ikoyi, or Lekki. These three districts are considered the most popular and stylish parts of Lagos.

You will find many restaurants to choose from, the city’s best nightclubs and lounges, and some of the best attractions and landmarks. Note the hotels in this part of the city can be on the pricey side. Check booking.com for the best hotel sections that suit your budget and preference. 

We stayed  here  in Lekki and loved every minute of it. However, the next time, we plan to stay in Victoria Islands, closer to the restaurants and nightlife. Alternatively, if you’re traveling with a group, then it might be more advantageous to stay at an Airbnb.  

Getting Around Lagos

Local buses and taxis.

 Local buses are the cheapest way to get around but not the most comfortable option. If you decide to take local buses and taxis, be sure to agree on prices before you start your trip.  

Cars are the best way to get around the city. We used Bolt and Uber, ride-hailing apps. These apps worked pretty efficiently, and at the end of our trips, we exchanged numbers with drivers so we could contact them for future rides. If you meet a driver, you vibe with, get their contact info and coordinate work with the driver in the future. 

Alternatively, you can ask your hotel to arrange a car hire if you’re staying in a hotel. 

Motorcycles

While these are the quickest means to buzz around the city, I wouldn’t recommend this transformation method because it looks hazardous. Given Lagos’s chaotic congestion and traffic, I would stick to cars. 

Public transport

The frenzy of traffic and chronic congestion makes it tough to travel around the city efficiently, especially during rush hours. So if you’re visiting Lagos with family or friends, stick with them; they know the best way to get around the city. 

Top Things to Do & See

Lagos is a remarkable city with lots of cultural and fun activities you can’t miss. Here are a few of my favorite sights I discovered during my last trip. 

Explore the Lekki Conservation Centre

Founded by the Nigerian Conservation Foundation, this incredible coastal ecosystem  sanctuary  is nestled on the Lekki Penisula, next to the Lekki Lagoon. The wetland reserve is home to the longest suspended canopy walkway in Africa!

Visit Nike Art Gallery 

Put aside at least two hours and check out this fantastic free art gallery! Founded by the illustrious artist and designer Oyenike Monica Okundaye, the  Nike Art Centre  is a 4-floor gallery filled with the most stunning and eye-catching paintings, sculptures, textiles, and the largest collections of African arts and crafts. 

Enjoy Dinner at Shiro Restaurant & Bar 

This super cute  Pan-Asian restaurant and bar  at Landmark Centre is ideal for a special dinner or hot date. From the moment you walk into the restaurant, you’re surrounded by an inviting and captivating ambiance that makes you want to walk around before sitting down to dinner! The menu offers a variety of tasty cuisines, including Japanese, Korean, Thai, and Mediterranean. 

Go to the Jazzhole 

If you’re a lover of records and books, old and new, then you’ll love the  Jazzhole ! Here you will find a variety of classic records from artists around the world along with used and new books across all genres from Nigerian and other prominent authors. Before you leave, be sure to stop at the cafe for a yummy treat! 

Stop by the Lekki Craft Market

The Lekki Arts and Crafts market (Jakande Air Market) is the best place to find a variety of one-of-a-kind wooden sculptures, masks, jewelry, Ankara fabrics, and clothing from different parts of Nigeria!

The market is located off the corner of the Lekki-Epe expressway. If you want to visit the market, I recommend arriving early to avoid the chaotic city traffic and the crowds. For more details on how to shop like a pro at the Lekki Arts and Crafts Market, check out the Culture Trip’s  Essential Guide to Lekki’s Market . 

Must-Try Nigerian Dishes  

Nigerian food is jam-packed with delectable spices and flavors. Here is a list of a few stable dishes you must try during your visit. 

Jollof Rice:  This tomato-based onion, pepper, and spices rice will awaken your tastebuds. Jollof rice is paired with vegetables, chicken, beef, fried fish, and fried plantains. To sample the best Jollof rice in Lagos, go to  The Place Restaurant  in Ikoyi.

Egusi Soup:   This delicious and nutritious soup is made with melon seeds, palm oil, spinach (or whatever vegetable you prefer), peppers, tomatoes, beef, cow skin, fish, and spices. The burst of flavors of the soup complements each other so well, making you want to eat more! Go to   Utazi Kitchen and Bar  to try one of the best southeastern Nigerian cuisines! 

Suya:   This flavorful traditional street food hails from Northern Nigeria and is made by grilling pieces of skewered meat (beef or ram) with salt, onions, ground peanut, pepper, and other spices. The options for getting Suya in Lagos are endless; here are the  top 5 suya spots  around the city!  

Pepper Soup:  This soup is famous in Nigeria and West African countries. Pepper soup is one of my favorite soups! The combination of spices mixed with onions, chili pepper, ginger, habanero peppers, garlic, tomatoes, and a variety of meat, including my favorite, catfish! Head to  Grind Grill Cafe  (Wolly’s Mall) for the tastiest pepper soup in Lagos! 

Conclusion – Lady Chin’s Two Cents

I will be the first to admit that when it comes to visiting Nigeria, there’s a learning curve that you will experience. I hope this guide helps alleviate some guessings so you can focus on enjoying your time in the motherland and seeing and doing everything the dazzling city offers!

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Nigeria Travel Guide – Tips and Inspiration

Hey there! If you’re not a routine reader of this blog, then you have probably found this post while searching for information about visiting Nigeria . Perhaps you’re travelling for business purposes or considering it as an off-the-beaten-path destination?

This Nigeria Travel guide will help you navigate the intricacies of visiting and exploring this West African Country. To begin, here are some quick facts about Nigeria.

What's Covered in this Post

Nigeria Travel Guide – Quick Facts about Nigeria (Tourism)

Getting to Nigeria – Flight and Visa Requirements

All foreign nationals, except those from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), need to apply for a visa to visit Nigeria.

The Nigerian Immigration Service recently introduced a visa on arrival policy for selected individuals and countries. If you do not qualify for it, you may apply to get one from your nearest Nigerian Embassies, High Commissions and Consulates.

In addition to a valid visa, you also need a yellow fever certificate to enter the country.

Which Countries Can Get Visa on Arrival in Nigeria (2021)?

According to the information on the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) website , the visa on arrival is available to citizens of African countries and business travellers from all other countries, except  ECOWAS nationals.

Note that you need to apply online for this. I would write a separate post when I have more information. In the meantime, be sure to go through the immigration website for more information and read the Visa on Arrival FAQ here.

Nigeria Travel Guide – When is the Best Time to Visit Nigeria?

Nigeria has two major seasons – rainy and dry season. The rainy season begins in April and runs through to October. And the dry season begins in November through March. It isn’t uncommon to have rains in the dry seasons (especially in November and December).

Generally, it is better to visit during the dry season. However, there are advantages to visiting during the rainy season as well. For one, the roads are less dusty and the waterfalls are more beautiful to behold.

December and January have the most advantages. In some places, these months ring in the harmattan season which comes with less humidity and cooler temperatures in the morning and evenings.

Nigeria Travel Guide – Top Places to Visit in Nigeria

Tourist Attractions in Nigeria: Nature – Waterfalls, Springs, Hills…

Tourist Attractions in Nigeria: National Parks, Conservation Centers…

Tourist attractions in nigeria: museums, art galleries, monuments and world heritage sites, getting around within nigeria.

Plane : Nigeria has a total of 6 International Airports and 11 Domestic Airports . About 7 domestic carriers operate within Nigeria. You should note that it is quite common to experience delays in flights schedules. One useful tip will be to always try to catch the first flights out of a city. Those are very rarely delayed. As of this writing, the most reliable airline is Arik Air.

Train : While there is a working rail system in Nigeria, travel by train is not reliable. Interstate and Intrastate (Lagos) trains are old and slow and oftentimes, overcrowded. The exceptions to this are the fairly new rail lines that operate between Abuja and Kaduna and Lagos to Ibadan.

Local Buses & Taxis : Local buses are often the cheapest way to move around. They are not often comfortable though. So, you may want to consider other options. Be sure to negotiate and agree on prices before you start a trip.

Uber, Bolt : These are currently the best ride-hailing apps for use within major cities in Nigeria.

Motorcycles : or Okadas, as they are popularly called, are the quickest means to navigate through major cities. I personally wouldn’t advise the regular use of this means of transportation as it can be rather dangerous. In some cities, they are banned from plying highways and major roads.

Is it safe to travel to Nigeria (2021)?

Many travel boards advise against visiting Nigeria. But how unsafe is it really? Without applying the bias of a local, I’d simply say that certain areas should be off-limits for now. If you exercise a reasonable level of caution while visiting some states in the country, you will be fine.

Generally, the South Western States are best suited for tourism. It is advisable to be in the company of a local when you travel through Nigeria.

Finally…

Before you visit, forget all about your ‘African Fantasies’ and set your expectations correctly.  As expected with low-income countries, there are infrastructure gaps and things may not always go according to plan. You cannot simply just vagabond through Nigeria. I will advise that you research your destinations before you visit.

Above all, remember to always keep your wits about you. There is something called ‘The African Time’. Expect delays and/or emphasize appointment times with people you interact with.

When you visit Nigeria, seek out experiences with people, rather than places. Nigerians (and West Africans in general) can be some of the most welcoming people you would ever meet.

I do hope you enjoy your visit. Feel free to ask me any questions in the comment section below. Also, if you have visited before, I’d love to hear about your experiences travelling in Nigeria. Please share them with me!

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I love to hear from you, leave a comment here cancel reply, 14 comments.

The “African Time” got me! Lmao!

I love how well detailed this article is. Welldone dear!

Thank you, Fisayo!

Trains are now very reliable in Nigeria though

Hmm, I’d argue that they still aren’t. With the exception of the new train routes, it is common for trains to breakdown while en route and for them to be delayed. And with all the racketeering around obtaining tickets, there are still many areas to be improved upon.

This post is really detailed! Thank you for always sharing your knowledge

You’re welcome! Thanks for reading!

great post! I have such a long list of places I want to visit. But it’s great that you’ve set this out in a straight forward manner and would be a great place for someone to start planning a trip to Nigeria!

Yes! Hope you visit soon!

VISA ON ARRIVAL FOR ALL African Union CITIZENS!! YESSS NIGERIA DOING GREAT THINGS! I am pleased to read this! Thanks for sharing, I have now put Nigeria very high up on my destination list!!

Yes! Hope you visit soon. PS: I updated the post to include the fact that you have to apply online first – to get an approval letter and pay the visa fees. The process is quite fast. So it’s more or less an e-visa.

Yes I researched it and saw the eVisa requirements. Still simple to be honest! Thanks again 😝

Lovely comprehensive post! You’ve inspired me.. I may just write a similar one on Jamaica. If I’m ever visiting Nigeria and I’d really love to, I’ll make sure to reread this article. African time won’t phase me. It can’t be any worse than island time. 😂

Haha, never heard about Island time! I thought it was peculiar to just countries in Africa!

Looking forward to reading your guide and visiting Jamaica one day!

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Warnings and insurance

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Areas where FCDO advises against travel

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against FCDO advice.

North East Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to:

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Nigeria-Niger border   

The Nigeria-Niger land border has been closed by the Nigerian authorities in response to the political situation in Niger. If you’re planning to travel by land across this border, check with the local authorities for the latest information before travelling.

See Niger travel advice before travelling by land across this border.

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel . 

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Nigeria (Bradt Travel Guide) Paperback – Illustrated, January 1, 2013

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For the adventurous traveler, Nigeria offers the opportunity to see the country in its raw and naked state. The chaos of Lagos often overshadows the rich offerings found elsewhere in Nigeria. Explore further and travelers can bathe in the Wikki Warm Springs at Yankari National Park; trek through Oshogbo Sacred Forest or visit one of the Emir’s elaborately decorated palaces. The only dedicated English-language travel guide to Nigeria on the market, this edition is thoroughly updated with an expanded section on Lagos.

• Print length 352 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Bradt Travel Guides
• Publication date January 1, 2013
• Dimensions 5.31 x 0.59 x 8.46 inches
• ISBN-10 1841623970
• ISBN-13 978-1841623979
• See all details

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Editorial Reviews

“I am to congratulate you for the important contribution the publication has made to the growing literature on Travel Guides, particularly about Nigeria.” - Anthony Adeloye, Librarian for the High Commissioner of Nigeria

About the Author

Based in Cape Town, Lizzie Williams has travelled the length and breadth of Africa as a tour leader on overland trucks.  Mark Shenley is a well-traveled professional photographer whose work regularly appears in publications both in the UK and around the world.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

‘Motor parks are frantic places where everyone wants to sell you something. The hawkers do their rounds with loaves of bread, peanuts, sticks of soya, soft drinks, pure water, various other street food, boxes of imitation watches, underwear and handkerchiefs (a very useful item in a sweaty bus). Other hawkers offer services such as the shoe doctor or mobile tailor (amazingly these men walk around with old black Singer sewing machines on their heads), and – my absolute favorite – International Finger Cutter men. These are manicurists who wander around motor parks clacking their scissors and administering what look like rather harsh manicures and pedicures to ay man who desires to have his nails buffed (presumably women conduct this grooming procedure at home).  Then there are the beggars – the blind, crippled and maimed – who throw their hands through the minibus windows and rattle their enamel plates.’

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Bradt Travel Guides; Third edition (January 1, 2013)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 352 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1841623970
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1841623979
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 14.2 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.31 x 0.59 x 8.46 inches
• #33 in Niger & Nigeria Travel Guides
• #1,000 in General Africa Travel Books

About the author

Lizzie williams.

Originally from the UK, Lizzie Williams has been traveling since 1993, and when not on the road, counts herself lucky to call beautiful Cape Town home. She has visited more than 20 African countries, 100 parks and reserves and spends at least four months exploring each year. She was previously a safari and overland tour leader on trips across Africa and the Middle East and has now authored and contributed to more than 60 guide books. For Footprint she is author of their South Africa titles; Cape Town & Garden Route, Johannesburg & Kruger National Park, Durban & KwaZulu Natal, country guides to Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Uganda, and numerous Footprint Focus guides to specific regions of these African destinations. She is also author of some Footprint Caribbean titles; Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Antigua, St Kitts & Nevis, Montserrat & Barbuda. For Bradt, she has written the only country-specific guidebook to Nigeria, for DK Eyewitness she is co-author of Kenya, and has updated guides to Turkey, Kenya, Morocco and Egypt for Rough Guides. Lizzie also regularly contributes to numerous travel magazines and websites.

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Nigeria Travel Advisory

Travel advisory september 20, 2023, nigeria - level 3: reconsider travel.

Updated with return to full operational status, removal of obsolete COVID-19 page links, and updates to Do Not Travel Areas.

Reconsider travel to Nigeria due to  crime ,  terrorism ,  civil unrest ,  kidnapping , and  armed gangs .   Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do Not Travel to :

• Borno, Yobe, Kogi, and northern Adamawa states due to  terrorism  and  kidnapping
• Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, and Zamfara states due to  kidnapping
• Abia, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Enugu, Imo, and Rivers states (with the exception of Port Harcourt) due to  crime ,  kidnapping , and  armed gangs.

Country Summary :  Violent crime – such as armed robbery, assault, carjacking, kidnapping, hostage taking, roadside banditry, and rape – is common throughout the country. Kidnappings for ransom occur frequently, often targeting dual national citizens who have returned to Nigeria for a visit, as well as U.S. citizens with perceived wealth. Kidnapping gangs have also stopped victims on interstate roads.

Terrorists continue plotting and carrying out attacks in Nigeria. Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting shopping centers, malls, markets, hotels, places of worship, restaurants, bars, schools, government installations, transportation hubs, and other places where crowds gather. Terrorists are known to work with local gangs to expand their reach.

There is civil unrest and armed gangs in parts of Southern Nigeria, especially in the Niger Delta and Southeast regions. Armed criminality and gangs, including kidnapping and assaults on Nigerian security services is also pervasive in this region.

Violence can flare up between communities of farmers and herders in rural areas.

The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in many areas of Nigeria due to security conditions.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Nigeria.

  If you decide to travel to Nigeria:

• Carry proper identification, including a U.S. passport with a current Nigerian visa, if needed.
• Use caution when walking or driving at night.
• Keep a low profile.
• Review travel routes and times to vary your predictability.
• Do not physically resist any robbery attempt.
• Be extra vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs.
• Monitor local media for breaking events and be prepared to adjust your plans.
• Be aware of your surroundings.
• Stay alert in locations frequented by Westerners.
• Avoid demonstrations and large political gatherings.
• Review your personal security plans.
• Have evacuation plans that do not rely on U.S. government assistance.
• Establish a “proof of life” protocol with your loved ones, so that if you are taken hostage, your loved ones know specific questions (and answers) to ask the hostage-takers to be sure that you are alive (and to rule out a hoax).
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Obtain comprehensive medical insurance that includes medical evacuation.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Nigeria.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations.  Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.

Borno, Yobe, Kogi, and Northern Adamawa states – Level 4: Do Not Travel

The security situation in these states is fluid and unpredictable due to widespread terrorist activity, inter-communal violence, and kidnapping. Security operations to counter these threats may occur without warning.

Terrorist groups based in the Northeast routinely target humanitarian camps, security forces, churches, schools, mosques, government installations, educational institutions, entertainment venues, and road travelers.

Approximately two million Nigerians have been displaced as a result of the violence in Northeast Nigeria.

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto and Zamfara states – Level 4: Do Not Travel

The security situation in these states is fluid and unpredictable due to widespread inter-communal violence and armed criminality, especially kidnapping and roadside banditry. Security operations to counter these threats may occur without warning.

Abia, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Enugu, Imo, and Rivers states (with the exception of Port Harcourt) – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Crime is rampant throughout Southern Nigeria, and there is a heightened risk of kidnapping , violent civil unrest , and armed gangs .

Travel Advisory Levels

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Nigeria Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

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After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in Nigeria. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 2 Practice Enhanced Precautions

• Updated   Global Polio April 26, 2024 Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines. Destination List: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, including Zanzibar, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
• Yellow Fever in Nigeria March 28, 2024 Yellow fever cases remain elevated in Nigeria, after an outbreak was first reported in November 2020. Travelers to Nigeria should take steps to prevent yellow fever by getting vaccinated at least 10 days before travel and taking steps to prevent mosquito bites.
• Diphtheria in Nigeria February 16, 2024 There is an outbreak of diphtheria in several states in Nigeria. Vaccination against diphtheria is essential to protect against disease. If you are traveling to an affected area, you should be up to date with your diphtheria vaccines.

Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions

• Updated   Global Measles April 26, 2024 Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles. Destination List: Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of South Sudan, Republic of the Congo, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zambia

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Active cholera transmission is  widespread  in Nigeria. Cholera is rare in travelers.  Certain factors  may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease ( more information ). Avoiding unsafe food and water and washing your hands can also help prevent cholera.

Vaccination may be considered for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.

Cholera - CDC Yellow Book

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Nigeria.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Nigeria.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to Nigeria take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for Nigeria.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

Recommended for travelers 2 months old or older traveling to  areas of Nigeria  that are part of the meningitis belt during the dry season.

Meningococcal disease - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis Belt Map

In Nigeria poliovirus has been identified in the past year.

Travelers to Nigeria are at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus.

Vaccine recommendations : Adults traveling to Nigeria who received a complete polio vaccination series as children may receive a single lifetime booster dose of inactivated polio vaccine; travelers who are unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated should receive a complete polio vaccination series before travel. Children who are not fully vaccinated will be considered for an  accelerated vaccination schedule .

Polio - CDC Yellow Book

Polio: For Travelers

Rabid dogs are commonly found in Nigeria. If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal while in Nigeria, there may be limited or no rabies treatment available. 

Consider rabies vaccination before your trip if your activities mean you will be around dogs or wildlife.

Travelers more likely to encounter rabid animals include

• Campers, adventure travelers, or cave explorers (spelunkers)
• Veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers handling animal specimens
• Visitors to rural areas

Since children are more likely to be bitten or scratched by a dog or other animals, consider rabies vaccination for children traveling to Nigeria. 

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for travelers ≥9 months old arriving from countries with risk for YF virus transmission; this includes airport transits or layovers in countries with risk for YF virus transmission. 1

Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months old.  

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

African tick-bite fever.

• Avoid Bug Bites

African Tick-bite fever

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Mosquito bite

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby

Avoid animals

• Scratched or bitten by an infected animal such as a rodent or primate
• Touching an infected animal or touching animal products, including skins and meat
• Being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing
• Touching the body fluids or rash of a person with monkeypox
• Avoid animals and animal products
• Avoid people who are sick

Airborne & droplet

Avian/bird flu.

• Being around, touching, or working with infected poultry, such as visiting poultry farms or live-animal markets
• Avoid domestic and wild poultry
• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Lassa Fever

• Breathe in air or eat food contaminated with the urine or droppings of infected rats
• Touch the body fluids of a person infected with Lassa virus or objects contaminated with infected body fluids

Lassa fever

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Nigeria, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Nigeria. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Nigeria include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis and leptospirosis, infections that can be spread in fresh water, are found in Nigeria. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Nigeria’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in Nigeria. Fill your malaria prescription before you leave and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Nigeria may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Nigeria, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Nigeria for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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A Comprehensive Guide On Applying For A Visa To Travel To Nigeria

• Last updated Apr 30, 2024
• Difficulty Intemediate

• Category Travel

Planning a trip to Nigeria? Before you start packing your suitcase, there's an important step you must not overlook: applying for a visa. Navigating the visa application process can be confusing and time-consuming, but with our comprehensive guide, we've got you covered. From understanding the different types of visas available to knowing what documents you need to submit, we'll walk you through each step of the process, ensuring that you have a hassle-free experience and can focus on enjoying your time in this vibrant West African country. So grab your passport and let's get started on your Nigerian adventure!

What You'll Learn

Determine the type of visa required for travel to nigeria, gather all necessary documents for the visa application process, complete the online visa application form accurately and thoroughly, pay the visa application fee and schedule an appointment for submission.

If you are planning a trip to Nigeria, it is important to determine the type of visa you will need in order to travel to the country. Nigeria has different types of visas based on the purpose of your visit, such as tourism, business, or study.

To determine the type of visa required for travel to Nigeria, you should consider the purpose of your visit and the length of your stay. Here are some of the most common types of visas for traveling to Nigeria:

• Tourist Visa: If you are planning to visit Nigeria for tourism or leisure purposes, you will need a tourist visa. This visa allows you to stay in the country for a specific period of time, usually up to 90 days.
• Business Visa: If you are traveling to Nigeria for business purposes, such as attending meetings, conferences, or exploring business opportunities, you will need a business visa. This visa allows you to stay in the country for a specific period of time, usually up to 90 days.
• Study Visa: If you are planning to study in Nigeria, you will need a study visa. This visa allows you to stay in the country for the duration of your study program.
• Work Visa: If you have a job offer or are planning to work in Nigeria, you will need a work visa. This visa allows you to work and stay in the country for a specific period of time, usually up to 90 days.

Once you have determined the type of visa required for your travel to Nigeria, you can start the application process. The visa application process typically involves the following steps:

• Complete the visa application form: You will need to fill out the visa application form accurately and completely. The form will require you to provide personal information, travel details, and the purpose of your visit.
• Gather the required documents: Depending on the type of visa you are applying for, you will need certain documents to support your application. Common documents include a valid passport, passport-sized photographs, proof of travel arrangements, proof of accommodation, and a letter of invitation or sponsorship.
• Pay the visa application fee: There is a non-refundable visa application fee that you will need to pay. The fee can vary depending on the type of visa and your nationality. Check the Nigerian embassy or consulate website for the current fee.
• Schedule an appointment: After completing the application form and gathering the required documents, you will need to schedule an appointment at the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate. During the appointment, you may be required to provide biometric information such as fingerprints.
• Attend the visa interview: In some cases, you may be required to attend a visa interview. This interview is an opportunity for the visa officer to ask you questions about your purpose of visit and to verify the information provided in your application.
• Wait for visa processing: After submitting your visa application, you will need to wait for the processing time. Visa processing times can vary so it is recommended to apply well in advance of your travel dates.

It is important to note that the visa application process may vary slightly depending on the country you are applying from. Make sure to check the Nigerian embassy or consulate website for specific instructions and requirements.

In conclusion, determining the type of visa required for travel to Nigeria is an important first step in planning your trip. Make sure to gather all the necessary documents and follow the application process accurately to increase your chances of a successful visa application.

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Applying for a visa to travel to Nigeria can be a lengthy process, but with proper preparation and organization, you can gather all the necessary documents efficiently. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you through this process:

• Determine your purpose of travel: Before gathering the required documents, it is crucial to know the purpose of your visit to Nigeria. This will determine the type of visa you need, whether it is for tourism, business, education, or any other purpose.
• Check the Nigerian embassy's website: Visit the official website of the Nigerian embassy or consulate in your country to find the specific requirements for your visa application. The website will provide you with the most up-to-date information and any additional documents needed.
• Gather your passport: Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay in Nigeria. Make sure to have a clear, legible photocopy of the passport's data page.
• Fill out the visa application form: Download and complete the visa application form from the embassy's website. Ensure that the form is filled accurately, using block letters or typing as required. Proofread the form before submitting to avoid any mistakes or omissions.
• Prepare two passport-sized photographs: You will need two recent color photographs that meet the embassy's specifications. Often, these requirements include a white background, no obstructions on the face, and a specific size (usually 2x2 inches).
• Obtain a letter of introduction or sponsorship: Depending on the purpose of your visit, you may need a letter of introduction or sponsorship from a Nigerian host or organization. This letter should state the purpose and duration of your visit, as well as the host's contact information and details of your accommodation arrangements.
• Provide proof of travel arrangements: Include a copy of your confirmed round-trip airline tickets or itinerary. These documents should show your departure and return dates and confirm that you have a means of leaving Nigeria within your authorized stay.
• Include proof of accommodation: If you have already booked your accommodation in Nigeria, provide a copy of the hotel reservation or invitation letter from your host. The document should contain the dates of your stay and the full contact information of the accommodation or host.
• Show proof of financial means: You need to demonstrate that you have sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay in Nigeria. This can be done by providing your bank statements for the last six months or a copy of your international credit card.
• Vaccination certificate: Some countries may require proof of vaccination for certain diseases. Check if Nigeria requires any specific vaccinations, such as yellow fever, and include the relevant international certificate.
• Pay the visa fee: Check the embassy's website for the visa fee payment procedure. Typically, you may have to pay the fee at a designated bank or via an online payment platform. Keep the receipt as evidence of payment.
• Submit the documents: Gather all the required documents and submit them at the designated location, usually the Nigerian embassy or consulate. It is advisable to make a checklist of the documents before submitting to ensure you have everything in order.

Remember that the visa application process may vary depending on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. It is always recommended to review the specific requirements of the Nigerian embassy or consulate in your country. By following these steps and being well-prepared, you can streamline the visa application process and increase your chances of obtaining a visa to travel to Nigeria.

Can You Travel in the US with an Expired Visa?

When applying for a visa to travel to Nigeria, completing the online visa application form accurately and thoroughly is a crucial step in the process. To ensure a smooth and successful application, follow these instructions:

• Visit the Nigerian Immigration Service website: Start by accessing the official website of the Nigerian Immigration Service (https://portal.immigration.gov.ng/) to begin the visa application process. This is the only authorized website for visa applications, so make sure you are on the correct webpage.
• Create an account: On the Nigerian Immigration Service website, create an account by registering with your email address and generating a password. Keep your login credentials secure as you will need them throughout the application process.
• Select the appropriate visa type: Once you have logged in, select the visa type that suits the purpose of your travel. Common visa types include tourism, business, education, or medical purposes. Ensure you choose the correct visa category to avoid delays or rejection.
• Fill in personal information: Complete the online application form by providing accurate and up-to-date personal information. This includes your full name, date of birth, gender, nationality, and passport details. Be sure to double-check all the details for any errors or discrepancies before moving on to the next section.
• Provide contact information: Supply your current contact information, including your email address, phone number, and residential address. It is essential to provide valid contact details as this is how the Nigerian Immigration Service will communicate with you regarding your visa application.
• Specify your travel details: Indicate the dates of your intended travel to Nigeria, as well as your intended length of stay in the country. You may also be required to provide details of your accommodation or any invitations you have received from Nigerian hosts or organizations.
• Answer security-related questions: Complete the security-related questions on the application form. These questions are designed to ensure the safety and security of Nigeria, so answer them honestly and accurately.
• Upload supporting documents: Depending on the visa type you are applying for, you may be required to upload supporting documents. These may include a copy of your passport, passport-sized photographs, flight itineraries, hotel reservations, invitation letters, or evidence of financial means.
• Review, pay, and submit the application: Once you have completed the application form and attached any necessary documents, review all the information you have provided. Make sure everything is accurate and true. Pay the required visa application fee through the designated payment platform and submit your application.
• Print and keep a copy of your application: After submitting your application, it is advisable to print a copy of the application confirmation page. This will serve as proof of your application and provide vital reference details while tracking your application status.

Remember, accuracy and completeness are crucial when completing the online visa application form for Nigeria. Any discrepancies or false information can result in delays or denial of your visa. Following these instructions will help ensure a successful visa application process, allowing you to travel to Nigeria with ease.

Exploring Montenegro's Charm with a Schengen Visa: Everything You Need to Know

Once you have completed the necessary steps to prepare your visa application for travel to Nigeria, the next step is to pay the visa application fee and schedule an appointment to submit your application. Here's what you need to know:

Visa Application Fee:

• The visa application fee is non-refundable and must be paid in order to proceed with your visa application.
• The fee varies depending on the type of visa you are applying for, so make sure to check the current fee on the Nigerian embassy or consulate website.
• The fee can usually be paid online using a credit or debit card. Ensure that you have a valid payment method before proceeding.

Schedule an Appointment:

• After paying the visa application fee, you will need to schedule an appointment to submit your application.
• Visit the Nigerian embassy or consulate's website to find the online visa application appointment booking system.
• Select the appropriate visa category and enter the required details such as your name, contact information, and passport details.
• Choose a convenient date and time for your appointment from the available options. Keep in mind that appointment slots may fill up quickly, so it's best to book as soon as possible.

Attend the Appointment:

• On the day of your appointment, make sure to arrive at the embassy or consulate well ahead of time to avoid any inconvenience.
• Bring along all the required documents as specified in your visa application checklist. It's important to have all the necessary documents in order to avoid delays or rejection of your application.
• Present your appointment confirmation and other supporting documents to the embassy or consulate staff.
• Be prepared to answer any questions related to your visa application or provide additional information if requested.
• You may also be required to provide your biometric information, such as fingerprints and a photograph, during the appointment.

Collecting the Visa:

• Once your visa application has been processed and approved, you will need to return to the embassy or consulate to collect your visa.
• Check the processing time for your visa type on the embassy or consulate's website to know when you can expect your visa to be ready.
• Carry the necessary documents, including your passport and any additional documents requested during your appointment.
• Present your appointment confirmation and identification to the embassy or consulate staff.
• Pay any additional fees, if applicable, to collect your visa.

Remember to follow all instructions provided by the Nigerian embassy or consulate and double-check the requirements before paying the application fee and scheduling your appointment. By being well-prepared, you can ensure a smooth and successful visa application process.

Visitors to Canada Wondering: Can I Travel with a US Visa?

Frequently asked questions.

To apply for a visa to travel to Nigeria, you will need a valid passport with at least 6 months validity remaining, a completed visa application form, passport-sized photographs, proof of travel arrangements and accommodation, a copy of your yellow fever vaccination certificate, and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay in Nigeria.

The processing time for a visa application to Nigeria can vary depending on the type of visa and the embassy or consulate you submit your application to. Generally, it can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. It is recommended to apply well in advance of your planned travel dates to allow for any delays.

Yes, you can apply for a Nigerian visa online through the Nigeria Immigration Service's official website. The online visa application process is convenient and allows you to submit your application and make the necessary payments electronically. However, it is important to note that you may still be required to visit the Nigerian embassy or consulate in person for biometric data capture and to submit supporting documents.

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Culture Watch

Alicia Keys’ inspired musical ‘Hell’s Kitchen,’ ‘Stereophonic’ lead Tony nominations

“Hell’s Kitchen,” fueled by Keys' songs, and the play "Stereophonic" each earned a leading 13 Tony Award nominations Tuesday, a list that also saw a record number of women nominated for best director.

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NEW YORK (AP) — Two Broadway shows celebrating the origins of sonic creativity — the musical “ Hell’s Kitchen ” fueled by Alicia Keys songs, and the play “Stereophonic” about a ’70s rock band at the edge of stardom — each earned a leading 13 Tony Award nominations Tuesday, a list that also saw a record number of women nominated for best director.

A total of 28 shows earned a Tony nod or more, with the musical “The Outsiders,” an adaptation of the beloved S. E. Hinton novel and the Francis Ford Coppola film, earning 12 nominations; a starry revival of “Cabaret” starring Eddie Redmayne, nabbing nine; and “Appropriate,” Branden Jacobs-Jenkins’ searing play about a family reunion in Arkansas where everyone has competing motivations and grievances, grabbing eight.

The nominations marked a smashing of the Tony record for most women named in a single season. The 2022 Tony Awards had held the record for most female directing nominees, with four total across the two races — musical and play. Only 10 women have gone on to win a directing crown.

This year, three women were nominated for best play direction — Lila Neugebauer (“Appropriate”), Anne Kauffman (“Mary Jane”) and Whitney White (“Jaja’s African Hair Braiding”) — while four were nominated in the musical category — Maria Friedman (“Merrily We Roll Along“), Leigh Silverman (“Suffs”) Jessica Stone (“Water for Elephants”) and Danya Taymor (“The Outsiders”).

“The one thing I feel is it’s starting to feel less remarkable, which is great news,” Stone said after her nomination. “We are directors and not women directors. I’m noticing it more and more and that’s a wonderful thing to think about. It’s a wonderful place to be.”

Rachel McAdams, making her Broadway debut in “Mary Jane,” earned a best actress in a play nomination, while “Succession” star Jeremy Strong, got his first ever nomination, for a revival of “An Enemy of the People” and Liev Schreiber of “Ray Donovan” fame nabbd one for leading “Doubt.” Jessica Lange in “Mother Play,” Sarah Paulson in “Appropriate” and Amy Ryan, who stepped in at the last minute for a revival of “Doubt,” also earned nominations in the best actress in a play category.

“The Big Bang Theory” star Jim Parsons earned a supporting nod for “Mother Play,” and Daniel Radcliffe on his fifth Broadway show, a revival of Stephen Sondheim’s “Merrily We Roll Along,” won his first nomination.

Redmayne in his second show on Broadway got a nod as best lead actor in a musical, as did Brian d’Arcy James for “Days of Wine and Roses,” Brody Grant in “The Outsiders,” Jonathan Groff in “Merrily We Roll Along” and 73-year-old Dorian Harewood in “The Notebook,” the adaptation of Nicholas Sparks romantic tearjerker. Harewood, in his first Broadway show in 46 years, landed his first Tony nomination.

It was one of three nominations for “The Notebook,” but the musical’s composer, Ingrid Michaelson, didn’t earn a nomination, nor did Barry Manilow for his show “Harmony.” Will Butler, formerly of Arcade Fire, was expected to earn a nod for his music for “Stereophonic” and it came through.

Redmayne’s “Cabaret” co-star Gayle Rankin earned a nomination for best actress in a musical, as did Eden Espinosa in “Lempicka,” Maleah Joi Moon in “Hell’s Kitchen,” Kelli O’Hara in “Days of Wine and Roses” and 71-year-old Maryann Plunkett, who plays the elderly wife at the heart of “The Notebook.”

Steve Carell in his Broadway debut in a poorly received revival of the classic play “Uncle Vanya” failed to secure a nod, but starry producers who earned Tony nods include Keys, Angelina Jolie (for “The Outsiders”) and Hillary Rodham Clinton (for “Suffs”).

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The best new musical crown will be a battle between “Hell’s Kitchen,” “The Outsiders,” the dance-heavy, dialogue-less stage adaptation of Sufjan Stevens’s 2005 album “Illinois,” “Suffs,” based on the American suffragists of the early 20th century, and “Water for Elephants,” which combines Sara Green’s 2006 bestseller with circus elements.

The best new play Tony will pit “Stereophonic” against “Mother Play,” Paula Vogel’s play about a mother and her kids spanning 1964 to the 21st century; “Mary Jane,” Amy Herzog’s humanistic portrait of a divorced mother of a young boy with health issues; “Prayer for the French Republic,” Joshua Harmon’s sprawling family comedy-drama that deals with Zionism, religious fervency and antisemitism; and “Jaja’s African Hair Braiding,” Jocelyn Bioh’s comedy about the lives of West African women working at a salon.

Lamar Richardson, an actor-turned-producer, had many reasons to smile Tuesday. He helped produce the new revivals of “ The Wiz ,” “Merrily We Roll Along“ and “Appropriate.”

“I really think this is Broadway at its best,” he said. “There’s really something for everyone. There’s the quintessential big jukebox musical. There’s the niche moving three-hander plays. I think that this really is a smorgasbord of what Broadway can offer up, and showing it still, of course, is a major player on the art scene. And it’s here to stay.”

A spring barrage of new shows — 14 shows opened in an 11-day span this year — is not unusual these days as producers hope their work will be fresh in the mind of voters ahead of the Tony Awards ceremony on June 16.

There were some firsts this season, including “Here Lies Love” with Broadway’s first all-Filipino cast, which earned four nominations, including best original score for David Byrne and Fat Boy Slim. And seven openly autistic actors starred in “How to Dance in Ohio,” a first for Broadway but which got no Tony love.

Academy Award winner and Tony Award-nominee Ariana DeBose , who hosted both the 2023 and 2022 ceremonies, will be back this year and will produce and choreograph the opening number.

This year’s location — the David H. Koch Theater — is the home of New York City Ballet and in the same sprawling building complex as Lincoln Square Theater, which houses the Broadway venue Beaumont Theater.

Like last year, the three-hour main telecast will air on CBS and stream on Paramount+ from 8 p.m.-11 p.m. EDT/5 p.m.-8 p.m. PDT with a pre-show on Pluto TV, and some Tony Awards handed out there.

This season’s Broadway numbers — about $1.4 billion in grosses and 11.1 million tickets — is running slightly less than the 2022-23 season, off about 4% in grosses and down 1% in tickets.

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